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Sarropoulou V, Grigoriadou K, Maliogka VI, Sassalou CL, Ziogas V. The Elimination of Viroids through In Vitro Thermotherapy and a Meristem Tip Culture from a New Limonime Hybrid ( Citrus x limon var. limon (L.) Burm. f. x Citrus latifolia var. latifolia). BIOTECH 2024; 13:37. [PMID: 39329829 PMCID: PMC11430235 DOI: 10.3390/biotech13030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses and viroids pose a significant challenge in citriculture, and their control is crucial for plant health. This study evaluated the effectiveness of in vitro thermotherapy combined with a meristem tip culture for eliminating citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and hop stunt viroid (HSVd) from a new limonime hybrid (Citrus x limon var. limon x Citrus latifolia var. latifolia). The elimination success was confirmed by RT-PCR assays. The in vitro elimination rate for CEVd during the shoot proliferation stage (43%) was higher than for HSVd (21%). Accordingly, in the subsequent rooting stage, the in vitro elimination rate for CEVd (50%) was higher than for HSVd (33%). Successful CEVd and HSVd eradication at a 100% rate was confirmed in the ex vitro acclimatized plants in the greenhouse. The study also established an efficient micropropagation protocol. The optimal treatment for in vitro shoot induction was 0.5-2 mg L-1 benzyladenine (BA) + 0.5 mg L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3) + 0.25 mg L-1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), while for shoot elongation, it was 0.5 mg L-1 BA + 0.5 mg L-1 kinetin (KIN) + 0.5 mg L-1 GA3 + 0.25 mg L-1 NAA. Rooting was best promoted by 1 mg L-1 NAA. This study provides valuable insights for the mass production of viroid-free propagation material in this new lemon x lime hybrid, contributing to the conservation of genetic resources in citrus breeding programs through the combined application of in vitro thermotherapy and an in vitro meristem tip culture, a novel and highlighted achievement reported for the first time in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Sarropoulou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA (ELGO-DIMITRA), Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Katerina Grigoriadou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA (ELGO-DIMITRA), Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Varvara I. Maliogka
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Forestry and Natural Environment, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.I.M.); (C.-L.S.)
| | - Chrysoula-Lito Sassalou
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Forestry and Natural Environment, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.I.M.); (C.-L.S.)
| | - Vasileios Ziogas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA (ELGO-DIMITRA), Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, 73134 Chania, Greece
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Orfanidou CG, Katsiani A, Candresse T, Marais A, Gkremotsi T, Drogoudi P, Kazantzis K, Katis NI, Maliogka VI. Identification of divergent isolates of cherry latent virus 1 in Greek sweet cherry orchards. Arch Virol 2023; 168:243. [PMID: 37676309 PMCID: PMC10485082 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, samples collected from eight sweet cherry trees in northern Greece were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing for the presence of viruses. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the presence of divergent isolates of cherry latent virus 1 (CLV-1), a recently identified trichovirus in a sweet cherry accession imported into the USA from the Republic of Georgia. The complete genome sequences of seven CLV-1 isolates were determined, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that they belonged to a separate clade from the previously characterized Georgian isolate. A small-scale survey confirmed the presence of CLV-1 in 47 out of 151 sweet cherry samples tested, and partial sequencing of 15 isolates showed a high degree of nucleotide sequence similarity among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula G Orfanidou
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Asimina Katsiani
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Thierry Candresse
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Armelle Marais
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Theodora Gkremotsi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Pavlina Drogoudi
- Department of Deciduous Fruit trees, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - 'DIMITRA', 38 R.R. Station, Naoussa, 59035, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kazantzis
- Department of Deciduous Fruit trees, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - 'DIMITRA', 38 R.R. Station, Naoussa, 59035, Greece
| | - Nikolaos I Katis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Varvara I Maliogka
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
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Identification and complete genome sequencing of a divergent olive virus T isolate and an olive leaf yellowing-associated virus isolate naturally infecting olive trees in Greece. Virus Genes 2022; 58:560-569. [PMID: 36152231 PMCID: PMC9636108 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Several new full genome sequences of olive viruses came to light recently via high-throughput sequencing (HTS) analysis. In this study, total RNA HTS analysis of two Greek olive trees revealed the presence of an olive virus T (OlVT) isolate and an olive leaf yellowing-associated virus (OLYaV) isolate. The full viral genome of OlVT isolate (50Ch) is composed of 6862 nucleotides encoding for three proteins (replicase, movement protein, and capsid protein) with typical betaflexiviruses' genomic features. However, both sequence and phylogenetic data analysis exhibited high levels of variability between 50Ch and the previously characterized OlVT isolates. In addition, the almost full genome of the Greek OLYaV isolate (OL2) was obtained, which is composed of 16,693 nucleotides encoding for 11 open reading frames (ORFs) and shares common genomic features with the recently characterized OLYaV isolates from Spain and Brazil. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed high similarity between these three isolates. Due to problems encountered with the detection of both viruses, new nested RT-PCR assays were developed and applied. In addition, recombination events were observed in OlVT isolates (50Ch GR-168), thus highlighting the potential role of this mechanism in the evolution of the virus. This study is adding further knowledge to the limited information available about these recently characterized olive infecting viral pathogens and highlights their widespread distribution in Greece, one of the most important olive producing countries of the world.
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Orfanidou CG, Moraki K, Panailidou P, Lotos L, Katsiani A, Avgelis A, Katis NI, Maliogka VI. Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Viruses Associated with Rugose Wood Complex in Greek Vineyards. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3677-3685. [PMID: 34085849 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-21-0266-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rugose wood is one of the most important disease syndromes of grapevine, and it has been associated with at least three viruses: grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV), grapevine virus A (GVA), and grapevine virus B (GVB). All three viruses show a worldwide distribution pattern, and their genetic composition has been the focus of extensive research in past years. Despite their first record in Greece almost 20 years ago, there is a lack of knowledge on the distribution and genetic variability of their populations in Greek vineyards. In this context, we investigated the distribution of GRSPaV, GVA, and GVB in rootstocks, self-rooted vines, and grafted grapevine cultivars originating from different geographic regions that represent important viticultural areas of Greece. Three new reverse transcription-PCR assays were developed for the reliable detection of GRSPaV, GVA, and GVB. Our results indicated that GVA is the most prevalent in Greek vineyards, followed by GRSPaV and GVB. However, virus incidence differed among self-rooted and grafted grapevine cultivars or rootstocks tested. Selected isolates from each virus were further molecularly characterized to determine their phylogenetic relationships. All three viruses exhibited high nucleotide diversity, which was depicted in the constructed phylogenetic trees. Isolates from Greece were placed in various phylogroups, reinforcing the scenario of multiple introductions of GVA, GVB, and GRSPaV in Greece and highlighting the effect of different transmission modes in the evolutionary course of the three viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Orfanidou
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K Moraki
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P Panailidou
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - L Lotos
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Katsiani
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Avgelis
- Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71004 Heraklion, Crete
| | - N I Katis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V I Maliogka
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Orfanidou CG, Lotos L, Tsiolakis G, Stefanidis SK, Tsialtas JT, Katis NI, Maliogka VI. Molecular characterization of poleroviruses isolated from oilseed rape in Greece. Virus Genes 2021; 57:289-292. [PMID: 33630229 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-021-01832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In 2018 virus-like symptoms, typical of polerovirus infection were observed in several oilseed rape crops in northern Greece. In order to identify the etiological agent of these symptoms a polerovirus-generic RT-PCR assay was applied. Sequencing of the amplicons revealed the presence of virus isolates genetically close to turnip yellows virus (TuYV). Further molecular characterization of the near complete genome of '1-2', 'Geo1', 'Geo7' and 'Geo15' isolates revealed that they share > 96% nt identity with various TuYV sequences. On the other hand, the fifth, characterized isolate from oilseed rape, termed '1-1', showed higher sequence similarity to brassica yellows virus (BrYV) regarding the 5' part of the complete coding sequence, whereas the 3' part was closely related to TuYV isolates. A recombination analysis using RDP indicated the presence of a putative breakpoint (nucleotide position 2964) in '1-1' genome and it is proposed that the virus isolate '1-1' might be an interspecies recombinant between BrYV and TuYV. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the complete coding sequences of Greek TuYV isolates have been determined and the first detection of a BrYV/TuYV recombinant isolate infecting oilseed rape in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Orfanidou
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - L Lotos
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G Tsiolakis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S K Stefanidis
- Laboratory of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - J T Tsialtas
- Laboratory of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N I Katis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V I Maliogka
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Orfanidou CG, Beta C, Reynard JS, Tsiolakis G, Katis NI, Maliogka VI. Identification, molecular characterization and prevalence of a novel cytorhabdovirus infecting zucchini crops in Greece. Virus Res 2020; 287:198095. [PMID: 32735997 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A new cytorhabdovirus was identified in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) in Greece with the aid of high-throughput sequencing technology. The negative-sense, single-stranded genomic RNA of the new virus was determined and includes seven open reading frames in the order 3'-N-P-P3-P4-M-G-L-5' in the antigenomic orientation. Typical rhabdovirus-like particles were observed in infected leaf material. Comparative sequence analysis and phylogenetic reconstructions suggested that the described virus is a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, and it was tentatively named cucurbit cytorhabdovirus 1 (CuCV1). To our knowledge CuCV1 is the first cytorhabdovirus infecting cucurbits in nature. Our surveys indicated that it occurs in a percentage of 36.7 % in zucchini crops in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Orfanidou
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Beta
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - J-S Reynard
- Laboratory of Virology, Agroscope, Route de Duillier 50, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - G Tsiolakis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N I Katis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V I Maliogka
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Bananej K, Orfanidou CG, Maliogka VI, Katis NI. First Report of Moroccan Watermelon Mosaic Virus in Zucchini in Iran. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:PDIS03180389PDN. [PMID: 30064343 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-18-0389-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Bananej
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - C G Orfanidou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V I Maliogka
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N I Katis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Katsiani AT, Pappi P, Olmos A, Efthimiou KE, Maliogka VI, Katis NI. Development of a Real-Time RT-PCR for the Universal Detection of LChV1 and Study of the Seasonal Fluctuation of the Viral Titer in Sweet Cherry Cultivars. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:899-904. [PMID: 30673385 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-17-0107-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Little cherry virus 1 (LChV1) is a sweet cherry pathogen which has lately been reported in other Prunus spp. LChV1 variability makes reliable detection a challenging undertaking. The objective of this work was to develop a rapid, sensitive, and reliable one-tube, real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection and quantification of LChV1. Primers and a TaqMan probe were designed, using conserved regions of the capsid protein gene. Detection range was evaluated using several divergent viral isolates. The amplification efficiency of the method was estimated at 96.7%, whereas the detection limit was about 100 RNA copies. The protocol was applied in the study of virus fluctuation within leaves and phloem tissue throughout the year and the best periods to test and plant tissues to sample were determined. Comparative analysis of this method with a previously published nested RT-PCR revealed the higher analytical and diagnostic sensitivity of the new test, making it a reliable tool that can be used in routine testing and certification programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina T Katsiani
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Pappi
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonio Olmos
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Konstantinos E Efthimiou
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
| | - Varvara I Maliogka
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
| | - Nikolaos I Katis
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
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Lotos L, Olmos A, Orfanidou C, Efthimiou K, Avgelis A, Katis NI, Maliogka VI. Insights Into the Etiology of Polerovirus-Induced Pepper Yellows Disease. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 107:1567-1576. [PMID: 28786341 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-16-0254-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of an emerging yellows disease of pepper crops (pepper yellows disease [PYD]) in Greece led to the identification of a polerovirus closely related to Pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV). Recovery of its full genome sequence by next-generation sequencing of small interfering RNAs allowed its characterization as a new poleroviruses, which was provisionally named Pepper yellows virus (PeYV). Transmission experiments revealed its association with the disease. Sequence similarity and phylogenetic analysis highlighted the common ancestry of the three poleroviruses (PeVYV, PeYV, and Pepper yellow leaf curl virus [PYLCV]) currently reported to be associated with PYD, even though significant genetic differences were identified among them, especially in the C-terminal region of P5 and the 3' noncoding region. Most of the differences observed can be attributed to a modular type of evolution, which produces mosaic-like variants giving rise to these different poleroviruses Overall, similar to other polerovirus-related diseases, PYD is caused by at least three species (PeVYV, PeYV, and PYLCV) belonging to this group of closely related pepper-infecting viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Lotos
- First, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; second author: Department of Virology, Plant Protection and Biotechnology Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; and fifth author: Institute of Viticulture of Heraklion, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 71 307 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Antonio Olmos
- First, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; second author: Department of Virology, Plant Protection and Biotechnology Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; and fifth author: Institute of Viticulture of Heraklion, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 71 307 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Orfanidou
- First, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; second author: Department of Virology, Plant Protection and Biotechnology Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; and fifth author: Institute of Viticulture of Heraklion, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 71 307 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Efthimiou
- First, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; second author: Department of Virology, Plant Protection and Biotechnology Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; and fifth author: Institute of Viticulture of Heraklion, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 71 307 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgelis
- First, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; second author: Department of Virology, Plant Protection and Biotechnology Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; and fifth author: Institute of Viticulture of Heraklion, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 71 307 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nikolaos I Katis
- First, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; second author: Department of Virology, Plant Protection and Biotechnology Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; and fifth author: Institute of Viticulture of Heraklion, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 71 307 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Varvara I Maliogka
- First, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; second author: Department of Virology, Plant Protection and Biotechnology Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; and fifth author: Institute of Viticulture of Heraklion, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 71 307 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Orfanidou CG, Baltzi A, Dimou NA, Katis NI, Maliogka VI. Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus: Insights Into Its Natural Host Range, Genetic Variability, and Transmission Parameters. PLANT DISEASE 2017; 101:2053-2058. [PMID: 30677385 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-17-0164-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) is implicated in cucurbit yellows disease (CYV), causing typical interveinal yellowing symptoms in leaves, and is transmitted by Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (MED) and Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1). Due to its recent report in cucurbit crops in Greece, field surveys were conducted during 2011-2016 to determine the presence of the virus in symptomatic cucurbits and alternative hosts among arable weed species. Results indicated the restricted spread of the virus and identified 13 weed species as CCYV hosts for the first time. Sequence analysis of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNA1) coat and minor coat proteins (RNA2) revealed very low genetic diversity (<0.1%) among the Greek isolates. Transmission experiments were also conducted using B. tabaci MED with retention determined at four days, whereas transmission efficiency was positively correlated with the number of adults used, features linked to the virus semipersistent mode of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Orfanidou
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Baltzi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N A Dimou
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N I Katis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V I Maliogka
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Chatzinasiou E, Chaintoutis SC, Dovas CI, Papanastassopoulou M, Papadopoulos O. Immunosuppression in sheep induced by cyclophosphamide, bluetongue virus and their combination: Effect on clinical reaction and viremia. Microb Pathog 2017; 104:318-327. [PMID: 28132769 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this work was to establish an experimental model for immunosuppression in sheep, and evaluate its possible effects on bluetongue viremia. Animals were allocated in 4 groups: Cy (cyclophosphamide), BT (bluetongue), CyBT (combined Cy and BT) and Co (control), and underwent clinical evaluations, virological testing, peripheral blood immunophenotyping and determination of antiviral humoral immune responses. Intravenous administration of cyclophosphamide (37.5 mg/kg body weight) resulted in immunosuppresion induction, as significant drops were observed in blood leukocytes and lymphocyte subset counts (CD2+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+), lasting 3-10 days after its administration. Reduction in B-cell (CD19+) counts was more pronounced than in T-/NK-cell (CD2+) counts (92% and 59%, respectively). BTV-9 inoculation resulted in pronounced lymphocytopenia observed from day 1 post-inoculation. Their combined administration resulted in a more intense immunosuppressive effect, as indicated by the greater reduction in lymphocyte, granulocyte, CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts. In group CyBT, earlier initiation of fever by one day (day 6 p.i.) compared to group BT (day 7 p.i.), and delay in antibody responses by one day was observed, compared to group BT. Neutralizing antibodies in both groups (BT, CyBT) were detectable from day 10 p.i., but no significant titer differences were observed. Infectious virus titers were detected from day 4 p.i. in group BT and from day 3 in group CyBT. Statistical significances in virus titers were also observed (greatest mean titer difference: 1.4 log10 CEID50/ml RBCs at day 5 p.i., P < 0.001), indicating possible impact of immunosuppression on virus transmission and epidemiology of bluetongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Chatzinasiou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Serafeim C Chaintoutis
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 11 Stavrou Voutyra str., 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysostomos I Dovas
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 11 Stavrou Voutyra str., 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Papanastassopoulou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Orestis Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Orfanidou CG, Pappi PG, Efthimiou KE, Katis NI, Maliogka VI. Transmission of Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) by Bemisia tabaci Biotype Q and Evaluation of Four Weed Species as Viral Sources. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:2043-2049. [PMID: 30682999 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-16-0054-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is implicated in tomato yellows disease in many countries worldwide. It has a wide host range, including cultivated species as well as arable weeds, and it is transmitted in a semipersistent manner by at least five whitefly species or biotypes of the genera Trialeurodes and Bemisia. ToCV is not seed transmitted and more than 36 weed species have been recorded as natural reservoirs, acting as unique sources both for the virus and its vectors when susceptible crops are harvested. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the transmission parameters of ToCV by biotype Q, the most abundant biotype of Bemisia tabaci in Greece. Results showed that biotype Q is an efficient vector of ToCV and it is able to retain the virus for at least 6 days. This vector was then used for the evaluation of four widespread weed species (Solanum nigrum, Sonchus oleraceus, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Chenopodium album) as ToCV sources through transmission experiments. Solanum nigrum was shown to be the most significant viral source among the tested weeds, followed by Sonchus oleraceus, A. retroflexus, and, lastly, C. album. Nevertheless, none of them was as efficient a ToCV source as tomato. This variation could be attributed to differences in virus concentration in each plant species or possible host preference by the whitefly vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Orfanidou
- Lab of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P G Pappi
- Lab of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K E Efthimiou
- Lab of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N I Katis
- Lab of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V I Maliogka
- Lab of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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13
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Drolet BS, Reister-Hendricks LM, Podell BK, Breitenbach JE, McVey DS, van Rijn PA, Bowen RA. European Bluetongue Serotype 8: Disease Threat Assessment for U.S. Sheep. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 16:400-7. [PMID: 27111674 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an orbivirus transmitted by biting midges (Culicoides spp.) that can result in moderate to high morbidity and mortality primarily in sheep and white-tailed deer. Although only 5 serotypes of BTV are considered endemic to the United States, as many as 11 incursive serotypes have been detected in livestock and wildlife in the past 16 years. Introductions of serotypes, with unknown virulence and disease risk, are constant threats to US agriculture. One potential incursive serotype of particular concern is the European strain of BTV-8, which was introduced into Northern Europe in 2006 and caused unprecedented livestock disease and mortality during the 2006-2007 vector seasons. To assess disease risk of BTV-8 in a common white-faced American sheep breed, eight Polled Dorset yearlings were experimentally infected and monitored for clinical signs. Viremia and viral tissue distribution were detected and quantified by real-time qRT-PCR. Overall, clinical disease was moderate with no mortality. Viremia reached as high as 9.7 log10 particles/mL and persisted at 5 logs or higher through the end of the study (28 days). Virus distribution in tissues was extensive with the highest mean titers at the peak of viremia (day 8) in the kidney (8.38 log10 particles/mg) and pancreas (8.37 log10 particles/mg). Virus persisted in tissues of some sheep at 8 logs or higher by day 28. Results of this study suggest that should BTV-8 emerge in the United States, clinical disease in this common sheep breed would likely be similar in form, duration, and severity to what is typically observed in severe outbreaks of endemic serotypes, not the extraordinary disease levels seen in Northern Europe. In addition, a majority of exposed sheep would be expected to survive and act as significant BTV-8 reservoirs with high titer viremias for subsequent transmission to other livestock and wildlife populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara S Drolet
- 1 Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Lindsey M Reister-Hendricks
- 1 Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Brendan K Podell
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jonathan E Breitenbach
- 1 Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - D Scott McVey
- 1 Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Piet A van Rijn
- 3 Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen University , Lelystad, the Netherlands .,4 Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Human Metabonomics, North-West University , Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Richard A Bowen
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
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14
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Lotos L, Maliogka VI, Katis NI. New poleroviruses associated with yellowing symptoms in different vegetable crops in Greece. Arch Virol 2016; 161:431-6. [PMID: 26530834 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Four poleroviral isolates from Greece, two from lettuce, one from spinach and one from watermelon showing yellowing symptoms, were molecularly characterized by analyzing the sequence of a large part of the genome spanning from the 3'-terminal part of the RdRp to the end of the CP gene. The sequences were analyzed for their similarity and phylogenetic relationships to other members of the genus Polerovirus as well as for evidence of recombination events. The results revealed the existence of two putatively new viruses: one from lettuce and one from spinach, provisionally named "lettuce yellows virus" and "spinach yellows virus", respectively. Also, a new recombinant virus infecting lettuce, herein named "lettuce mild yellows virus", and a watermelon isolate of pepo aphid-borne yellows virus (PABYV) were identified. Our study highlights the existence of high genetic diversity within the genus Polerovirus, which could be associated with the emergence of new viral diseases in various crops worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lotos
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - V I Maliogka
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece.
| | - N I Katis
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
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15
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Katsoulos PD, Giadinis ND, Chaintoutis SC, Dovas CI, Kiossis E, Tsousis G, Psychas V, Vlemmas I, Papadopoulos T, Papadopoulos O, Zientara S, Karatzias H, Boscos C. Epidemiological characteristics and clinicopathological features of bluetongue in sheep and cattle, during the 2014 BTV serotype 4 incursion in Greece. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:469-77. [PMID: 26768893 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During 2014, an outbreak of Bluetongue virus (BTV) infections attributed to serotype 4 occurred in Greece and spread to south-eastern Europe. In the present article, the clinical and epidemiological data of 15 sheep flocks and 5 dairy cattle herds affected in Greece are described. In sheep, the most frequent clinical signs observed were fever, hyporexia, and edema of the face. A number of clinically affected sheep had chronic laminitis resulting in chronic lameness. Confirmation of suspect clinical cases was performed using BTV-specific real-time RT-PCR, and serotype 4-specific RT-PCR. The average morbidity of bluetongue in the sheep flocks was estimated to be 15.3 % (95 % C.I. 6.8-23.8 %) and the average mortality and case fatality were 4.5 % (95 % C.I. 1.5-7.6 %) and 32.0 % (95 % C.I. 18.1-42.9 %), respectively. The BTV seroprevalence and the ratio of clinical manifestations-to-infections determined in seven of these flocks, were on average 36.5 % (95 % C.I. 15.7-57.3 %) and 24.6 % (95 % C.I. 12.8-36.3 %). BTV ratio of clinical manifestations-to-infections was higher in the imported western European sheep breeds examined compared to the local ones. In dairy cattle, the average herd prevalence of viremia was 48.8 % (95 % C.I. 15.3-82.4 %) and none had signs associated with bluetongue. The results of this study indicate that the 2014 Greek BTV-4 has significant impact on the health status and the viability of sheep in affected flocks but does not cause clinical signs in cattle, despite the high prevalence of viremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis-Dimitrios Katsoulos
- Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 11 Stavrou Voutyra str., 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nektarios D Giadinis
- Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 11 Stavrou Voutyra str., 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Serafeim C Chaintoutis
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 11 Stavrou Voutyra str., 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysostomos I Dovas
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 11 Stavrou Voutyra str., 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Evangelos Kiossis
- Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 11 Stavrou Voutyra str., 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsousis
- Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 11 Stavrou Voutyra str., 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilios Psychas
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 11 Stavrou Voutyra str., 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vlemmas
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 11 Stavrou Voutyra str., 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theologos Papadopoulos
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 11 Stavrou Voutyra str., 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Orestis Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stéphan Zientara
- UMR 1161 Virology, ANSES-INRA-ENVA, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Harilaos Karatzias
- Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 11 Stavrou Voutyra str., 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantinos Boscos
- Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 11 Stavrou Voutyra str., 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece
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16
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Maliogka VI, Olmos A, Pappi PG, Lotos L, Efthimiou K, Grammatikaki G, Candresse T, Katis NI, Avgelis AD. A novel grapevine badnavirus is associated with the Roditis leaf discoloration disease. Virus Res 2015; 203:47-55. [PMID: 25791736 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Roditis leaf discoloration (RLD), a graft-transmissible disease of grapevine, was first reported in Greece in the 1980s. Even though various native grapevine viruses were identified in the affected vines, the etiology of the disease remained unknown. In the present study, we used an NGS platform for sequencing siRNAs from a twenty-year old Roditis vine showing typical RLD symptoms. Analysis of the NGS data revealed the presence of various known grapevine viruses and viroids as well as a hitherto uncharacterized DNA virus. The circular genome of the new virus was fully reassembled. It is 6988 nts long and includes 4 open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1, ORF2 and ORF4 code for proteins with unknown functions while ORF3 encodes a polyprotein with motifs related to the replication, encapsidation and movement of the virus. Phylogenetic analysis classified the novel virus within the genus Badnavirus, with closest relationship to Fig badnavirus 1. Further studies showed that the new badnavirus is closely related with the RLD disease and the provisional name grapevine Roditis leaf discoloration-associated virus (GRLDaV) is proposed. Our findings extend the number of DNA viruses identified in grapevine, further drawing attention to the potential importance of this virus group on grapevine pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara I Maliogka
- Lab of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Antonio Olmos
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Plant Protection and Biotechnology Center, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Polyxeni G Pappi
- Lab of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Leonidas Lotos
- Lab of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Efthimiou
- Lab of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Garyfalia Grammatikaki
- Faculty of Agriculture & Food Technology, Technological Education Institute of Crete, 71 004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Thierry Candresse
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France; UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Nikolaos I Katis
- Lab of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos D Avgelis
- Institute of Viticulture of Heraklion, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 71 307 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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17
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Pappi PG, Chaintoutis SC, Dovas CI, Efthimiou KE, Katis NI. Development of one-tube real-time qRT-PCR and evaluation of RNA extraction methods for the detection of Eggplant mottled dwarf virus in different species. J Virol Methods 2015; 212:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Orfanidou CG, Dimitriou C, Papayiannis LC, Maliogka VI, Katis NI. Epidemiology and genetic diversity of criniviruses associated with tomato yellows disease in Greece. Virus Res 2014; 186:120-9. [PMID: 24370865 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) are two whitefly transmitted viruses which are classified in the genus Crinivirus of the family Closteroviridae. Both induce similar yellowing symptoms in tomato and are responsible for severe economic losses. ToCV is transmitted by Bemisia tabaci Gennadious, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood and Trialeurodes abutilonea Haldeman, whereas TICV is transmitted only by T. vaporariorum. An extensive study was conducted during 2009-2012 in order to identify the virus species involved in tomato yellowing disease in Greece. Samples from tomato, other crops and weeds belonging to 44 species from 26 families were collected and analyzed using molecular methods. In addition, adult whiteflies were collected and analyzed using morphological characters and DNA markers. Results showed that TICV prevailed in tomato crops (62.5%), while ToCV incidence was lower (20.5%) and confined in southern Greece. ToCV was also detected in lettuce plants showing mild yellowing symptoms for the first time in Greece. Approximately 13% of the tested weeds were found to be infected, with TICV being the predominant virus with an incidence of 10.8%, whereas ToCV was detected only in 2.2% of the analyzed samples. These results indicate that the host range of TICV and ToCV in Greece is far more extensive than previously believed. T. vaporariorum was the most widespread whitefly species in Greece (80%), followed by B. tabaci (biotypes B and Q) (20%). Sequence analysis of the CP and CPm genes from Greek tomato and weed isolates of ToCV and TICV showed that even though both viruses have very wide host ranges their populations show very low molecular divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Orfanidou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Agriculture, Lab of Plant Pathology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Dimitriou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Agriculture, Lab of Plant Pathology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - L C Papayiannis
- Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 22016, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - V I Maliogka
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Agriculture, Lab of Plant Pathology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N I Katis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Agriculture, Lab of Plant Pathology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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19
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Lee F, Lin YL, Tsai HJ. Comparison of primer sets and one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction kits for the detection of bluetongue viral RNA. J Virol Methods 2014; 200:6-9. [PMID: 24503041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue virus is the etiological agent of bluetongue, one of the most important insect-transmitted animal diseases in the world. To establish a feasible diagnostic procedure for detecting the viral RNA, seven commercially available one-step RT-PCR kits in combination with three primer sets were evaluated. Results of this study showed remarkable differences in analytical sensitivity between the examined RT-PCR kits. In addition, it was found that a World Organization for Animal Health-recommended primer set may not be effective in detecting most BTV RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lee
- Animal Health Research Institute, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan.
| | - Yeou-Liang Lin
- Animal Health Research Institute, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Jung Tsai
- Animal Health Research Institute, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan.
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20
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Lotos L, Efthimiou K, Maliogka VI, Katis NI. Generic detection of poleroviruses using an RT-PCR assay targeting the RdRp coding sequence. J Virol Methods 2013; 198:1-11. [PMID: 24374125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study a two-step RT-PCR assay was developed for the generic detection of poleroviruses. The RdRp coding region was selected as the primers' target, since it differs significantly from that of other members in the family Luteoviridae and its sequence can be more informative than other regions in the viral genome. Species specific RT-PCR assays targeting the same region were also developed for the detection of the six most widespread poleroviral species (Beet mild yellowing virus, Beet western yellows virus, Cucurbit aphid-borne virus, Carrot red leaf virus, Potato leafroll virus and Turnip yellows virus) in Greece and the collection of isolates. These isolates along with other characterized ones were used for the evaluation of the generic PCR's detection range. The developed assay efficiently amplified a 593bp RdRp fragment from 46 isolates of 10 different Polerovirus species. Phylogenetic analysis using the generic PCR's amplicon sequence showed that although it cannot accurately infer evolutionary relationships within the genus it can differentiate poleroviruses at the species level. Overall, the described generic assay could be applied for the reliable detection of Polerovirus infections and, in combination with the specific PCRs, for the identification of new and uncharacterized species in the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Lotos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Efthimiou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Varvara I Maliogka
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos I Katis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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21
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Schroeder ME, Johnson DJ, Ostlund EN, Meier J, Bounpheng MA, Clavijo A. Development and performance evaluation of a streamlined method for nucleic acid purification, denaturation, and multiplex detection of Bluetongue virus and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:709-19. [PMID: 24091683 DOI: 10.1177/1040638713503654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) possess similar structural and molecular features, are transmitted by biting midges (genus Culicoides), and cause similar diseases in some susceptible ruminants. Generally, BTV causes subclinical disease in cattle, characterized by a prolonged viremia. EHDV-associated disease in cattle is less prominent; however, it has emerged as a major economic threat to the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) industry in many areas of the United States. The recent emergence of multiple BTV and EHDV serotypes previously undetected in the United States demonstrates the need for robust detection of all known serotypes and differential diagnosis. For this purpose, a streamlined workflow consisting of an automated nucleic acid purification and denaturation method and a multiplex one-step reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the simultaneous detection of BTV serotypes 1-24 and EHDV serotypes 1-7 was developed using previously published BTV and EHDV assays. The denaturation of double-stranded (ds) BTV and EHDV RNA was incorporated into the automated nucleic acid purification process thus eliminating the commonly used separate step of dsRNA denaturation. The performance of this workflow was compared with the World Organization of Animal Health BTV reference laboratory (National Veterinary Services Laboratory, Ames, Iowa) workflow for BTV and EHDV detection, and high agreement was observed. Implementation of the workflow in routine diagnostic testing enables the detection of, and differentiation between, BTV and EHDV, and coinfections in bovine blood and cervine tissues, offering significant benefits in terms of differential disease diagnosis, herd health monitoring, and regulated testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Schroeder
- 1Mangkey A. Bounpheng, Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, 1 Sippel Road, College Station, TX 77843.
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Stewart M, Dovas CI, Chatzinasiou E, Athmaram TN, Papanastassopoulou M, Papadopoulos O, Roy P. Protective efficacy of Bluetongue virus-like and subvirus-like particles in sheep: presence of the serotype-specific VP2, independent of its geographic lineage, is essential for protection. Vaccine 2012; 30:2131-9. [PMID: 22285887 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There have been multiple separate outbreaks of Bluetongue (BT) disease of ruminants in Europe since 1998, often entering via the Mediterranean countries of Italy, Spain and Greece. BT is caused by an orbivirus, Bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of the family Reoviridae. BTV is a non-enveloped double-capsid virus, which encodes 7 structural proteins (VP1-VP7) and several non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2, NS3/3a and NS4) from ten double-stranded RNA segments of the genome. In this report, we have prepared BTV virus-like particles (VLPs, composed of VP2, VP3, VP5 and VP7) and sub-viral, inner core-like particles (CLPs, VP3 and VP7) using a recombinant baculovirus expression system. We compared the protective efficacy of VLPs and CLPs in sheep and investigated the importance of geographical lineages of BTV in the development of vaccines. The Greek crossbred Karagouniko sheep, which display mild to sub-clinical BT, were vaccinated with VLPs or CLPs of BTV-1, derived from western lineage and were challenged with virulent BTV-1 from an eastern lineage. All VLP-vaccinated animals developed a neutralising antibody response to BTV-1 from both lineages prior to challenge. Moreover, post-challenged animals had no clinical manifestation or viraemia and the challenged virus replication was completely inhibited. In contrast, CLP-vaccinated animals did not induce any neutralising antibody response but developed the group specific VP7 antibodies. CLPs also failed to prevent the clinical manifestation and virus replication, but in comparison to controls, the severity of disease manifestation and viraemia was mitigated. The data demonstrated that the outer capsid was essential for complete protection, while the geographical origin of the BTV was not critical for development of a serotype specific vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stewart
- Department of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
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Channappanavar R, Singh K, Singh R, Umeshappa C, Ingale S, Pandey A. Enhanced proinflammatory cytokine activity during experimental bluetongue virus-1 infection in Indian native sheep. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 145:485-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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