1
|
Xia YJ, Xu L, Zhao JJ, Li YX, Wu RZ, Song XP, Zhao QZ, Liu YB, Wang Q, Zhang QY. Development of a quadruple PCR-based gene microarray for detection of vaccine and wild-type classical swine fever virus, African swine fever virus and atypical porcine pestivirus. Virol J 2022; 19:201. [PMID: 36447230 PMCID: PMC9708128 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical swine fever (CSF), African swine fever (ASF), and atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) are acute, virulent, and contagious viral diseases currently hampering the pig industry in China, which result in mummification or stillbirths in piglets and mortality in pigs. Diagnostic assays for the differentiation of infection and vaccination of CSFV, in addition to the detection of ASFV and APPV, are urgently required for better prevention, control, and elimination of these viral diseases in China. METHODS A quadruple PCR-based gene microarray assay was developed in this study to simultaneously detect wild-type and vaccine CSFV strains, ASFV and APPV according to their conserved regions. Forty-two laboratory-confirmed samples, including positive samples of 10 other swine viral diseases, were tested using this assay to confirm its high specificity. RESULTS This assay's limit of detections (LODs) for the wild-type and vaccine CSFV were 6.98 and 6.92 copies/µL. LODs for ASFV and APPV were 2.56 × 10 and 1.80 × 10 copies/µL, respectively. When compared with standard RT-PCR or qPCR for CSFV (GB/T 26875-2018), ASFV (MARR issue No.172), or APPV (CN108611442A) using 219 clinical samples, the coincidence was 100%. The results showed that this assay with high sensitivity could specifically distinguish ASFV, APPV, and CSFV, including CSFV infection and immunization. CONCLUSION This assay provides a practical, simple, economic, and reliable test for the rapid detection and accurate diagnosis of the three viruses and may have good prospects for application in an epidemiological investigation, prevention, and control and elimination of these three diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-ju Xia
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Xu
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-jie Zhao
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-xi Li
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-zhi Wu
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-peng Song
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-zu Zhao
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye-bing Liu
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Wang
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian-yi Zhang
- grid.418540.cChina Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu H, Shi K, Sun W, Zhao J, Yin Y, Si H, Qu S, Lu W. Development a multiplex RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of African swine fever virus, classical swine fever virus and atypical porcine pestivirus. J Virol Methods 2020; 287:114006. [PMID: 33127443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.114006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) have caused considerable financial losses to the pig industry worldwide, and it is critical to achieve early and accurate diagnosis of these viruses to control the diseases induced by them. In this study, three pairs of specific primers were designed based on the highly conserved genome regions of these viruses, and a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay for ASFV, CSFV and APPV was established after various reaction conditions were optimized. The mRT-PCR assay consisted of two steps, that is, reverse transcription (RT) and mPCR. The assay was highly specific, sensitive, and reproducible for ASFV, CSFV and APPV without cross-reaction with other swine pathogens. The sensitivity of this assay, which used purified plasmid constructs containing specific viral target fragments as templates, was 6.34 × 102 copies/μL for ASFV and 6.34 × 101 copies/μL for both CSFV and APPV. A total of 384 clinical samples from piglets suspected to be infected in Guangxi Province, Southern China, during 2018-2019 were analyzed by the established mRT-PCR method. The results showed that the positive rates of ASFV, CSFV and APPV were 43.75 %, 13.28 % and 4.17 %, respectively, and the coinfection rates of ASFV/CSFV, ASFV/APPV and CSFV/APPV were 5.47 %, 1.83 % and 1.30 %, respectively. To understand the epidemiological characteristics of APPV, the newly discovered virus, in Guangxi Province, the clinical samples from APPV-positive animals were selected randomly for amplification and sequencing, and the complete genomic sequences of four APPV strains were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that APPV strains from Guangxi Province had a high degree of genetic diversity. This study provides an important tool for rapid detection and accurate diagnosis of ASFV, CSFV and APPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Kaichuang Shi
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yanwen Yin
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Sujie Qu
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Wenjun Lu
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530001, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen N, Huang Y, Ye M, Li S, Xiao Y, Cui B, Zhu J. Co-infection status of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circoviruses (PCV2 and PCV3) in eight regions of China from 2016 to 2018. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 68:127-135. [PMID: 30572028 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circoviruses (PCV2 and PCV3) are economically important swine viruses that cause reproductive failure and/or respiratory symptoms in pigs. However, the co-infection status of these viruses in Chinese swine herds is not well clarified. In this study, we evaluated the co-infection of these four viruses in 159 pigs collected from 63 herds in eight regions of China from 2016 to 2018. CSFV, PRRSV, PCV2 and PCV3 were detected in 14, 56, 43 and 4 of the pigs, respectively. The percentage of singular infections was 32.71%, while the percentages of dual infections and multiple infections were 15.72% and 3.15%, respectively. The E2 of CSFV, ORF5 of PRRSV, ORF2s of PCV2 and PCV3 from all positive samples were determined and used for phylogenetic analyses. E2-based phylogenetic tree showed that all 14 CSFVs identified in this study belong to 2.1b subtype. ORF5-based phylogenetic tree showed that PRRSV2 is predominant in China while PRRSV1 can also be detected. In addition, 35, 16, 4 and 1 of our PRRSVs are clustered with highly pathogenic PRRSV2, NADC30-like PRRSV2, classical PRRSV2 and PRRSV1, respectively. ORF2-based phylogenetic trees showed that our PCVs are grouped with 2 PCV2 subtypes (PCV2d and PCV2b) and 3 PCV3 subtypes (PCV3a, PCV3b and PCV3c), respectively. Our results provide the latest co-infection status and the diversity of four important swine viruses in Chinese swine herds, which is beneficial for understanding the epidemiology of these viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanhua Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
| | - Yucheng Huang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Mengxue Ye
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Yanzhao Xiao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Bailei Cui
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li HM, Zhao ZY, Guo KK, Jiang YF, Zhang WM, Zhang YM, Liu W, Wang JY. Differentiation of virulent Shimen and vaccine C strains of classical swine fever virus by duplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1355263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-min Li
- Department of Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zi-yin Zhao
- Department of Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Kang-kang Guo
- Department of Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan-fen Jiang
- Department of Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Wei-min Zhang
- Department of Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan-ming Zhang
- Department of Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jing-yu Wang
- Department of Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|