1
|
Latifi T, Kachooei A, Jalilvand S, Zafarian S, Roohvand F, Shoja Z. Correlates of immune protection against human rotaviruses: natural infection and vaccination. Arch Virol 2024; 169:72. [PMID: 38459213 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Species A rotaviruses are the leading viral cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age worldwide. Despite progress in the characterization of the pathogenesis and immunology of rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis, correlates of protection (CoPs) in the course of either natural infection or vaccine-induced immunity are not fully understood. There are numerous factors such as serological responses (IgA and IgG), the presence of maternal antibodies (Abs) in breast milk, changes in the intestinal microbiome, and rotavirus structural and non-structural proteins that contribute to the outcome of the CoP. Indeed, while an intestinal IgA response and its surrogate, the serum IgA level, are suggested as the principal CoPs for oral rotavirus vaccines, the IgG level is more likely to be a CoP for parenteral non-replicating rotavirus vaccines. Integrating clinical and immunological data will be instrumental in improving rotavirus vaccine efficacy, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where vaccine efficacy is significantly lower than in high-income countries. Further knowledge on CoPs against rotavirus disease will be helpful for next-generation vaccine development. Herein, available data and literature on interacting components and proposed CoPs against human rotavirus disease are reviewed, and limitations and gaps in our knowledge in this area are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Latifi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Atefeh Kachooei
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Zafarian
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Roohvand
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Shoja
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu C, Chen C, Lai H, Liang H, Zhong S, Guo G, Wang L, Li L. A New Method for Early Screening of Gastric Cancer (G17 and CA724 Dual-Labeled Time-Resolved Fluorescence Immunoassay). COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1704948. [PMID: 35912162 PMCID: PMC9328981 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1704948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world with the great early screening challenges. The study is aimed at establishing a new detection method for early screening GC using time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) via quantitative detection of gastrin-17 (G-17) and carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724) in serum. Time-resolved analyzer measured the fluorescence intensity. The standards of G-17/CA724 were used for drawing the standard curve, which is used to calculate the concentration of G-17 and CA724 in serum sample. The sensitivity for G-17 was 0.54 pg/mL and for CA724 was 0.28 U/mL with a wide-range analyze concentration (0.1-1000) pg/mL or U/mL. The average recoveries ranged from 100.52% to 110.30% for G-17 and 103.02% to 116.00% for CA724. All CVs of the intra- and interassay were below 10% with high specificity. There was a high Pearson coefficient between this TRFIA method and the commercially available kits (Pearson r 0.9117 for G-17 and 0.9449 for CA724). Additionally, the cutoff value was 88.41 pg/mL and 5.47 U/mL for CA724 in health subjects. This study established a TRFIA method for simultaneous detection of the concentrations of G-17 and CA724 in serum, which provide a new method for sensitive, accurate, and specific early screening of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, 150036, China
| | - Cuicui Chen
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Hongrui Lai
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Huankun Liang
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Shuhai Zhong
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Guiling Guo
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Laiqing Li
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Intracellular neutralisation of rotavirus by VP6-specific IgG. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008732. [PMID: 32750093 PMCID: PMC7428215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus is a major cause of gastroenteritis in children, with infection typically inducing high levels of protective antibodies. Antibodies targeting the middle capsid protein VP6 are particularly abundant, and as VP6 is only exposed inside cells, neutralisation must be post-entry. However, while a system of poly immune globulin receptor (pIgR) transcytosis has been proposed for anti-VP6 IgAs, the mechanism by which VP6-specific IgG mediates protection remains less clear. We have developed an intracellular neutralisation assay to examine how antibodies neutralise rotavirus inside cells, enabling comparison between IgG and IgA isotypes. Unexpectedly we found that neutralisation by VP6-specific IgG was much more efficient than by VP6-specific IgA. This observation was highly dependent on the activity of the cytosolic antibody receptor TRIM21 and was confirmed using an in vivo model of murine rotavirus infection. Furthermore, mice deficient in only IgG and not other antibody isotypes had a serious deficit in intracellular antibody-mediated protection. The finding that VP6-specific IgG protect mice against rotavirus infection has important implications for rotavirus vaccination. Current assays determine protection in humans predominantly by measuring rotavirus-specific IgA titres. Measurements of VP6-specific IgG may add to existing mechanistic correlates of protection.
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Z, Zhao F, Tang T, Wang M, Yu X, Wang R, Li Y, Xu Y, Tang L, Wang L, Zhou H, Jiang Y, Cui W, Qiao X. Development of a Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Strip Assay for Rapid Detection of Bovine Rotavirus. Viral Immunol 2019; 32:393-401. [PMID: 31596683 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine rotavirus (BRV) is one of main pathogens responsible for diarrhea, fever, and vomiting. In this study, we developed a colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip for detecting BRV according to the principle of double-antibody sandwich. The monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) were prepared and purified. On the strip, the purified mAbs labeled with the colloidal gold were used as the detector, and the goat anti-mouse antibodies and purified pAbs were coated on the nitrocellulose membranes as the control line and the test line, respectively. We optimized different reaction conditions, including the amount of mAbs, the pH of colloidal gold solution, coating solution, blocking solution, sample pad treatment solution, antibody concentration in control line, and antibody concentration in detection line. In specificity assay, the strip had high specificity in detecting BRV. No cross-reaction was observed in detecting other viruses. The detection sensitivity of the strip was found to be 1 × 103 TCID50/0.1 mL. Two hundred twenty clinical samples were detected with the strip compared to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. No false-negative or false-positive results were found, and the results obtained by the two methods were similar. In conclusion, we developed a novel immunochromatographic strip to rapidly detect BRV. The strip developed exhibited high sensitivity and specificity for BRV detection. It could be a rapid, convenient, and effective method for the rapid diagnosis of BRV infection in the fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxue Li
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Feipeng Zhao
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruichong Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Radiological Protection, Harbin, China
| | - Yijing Li
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yigang Xu
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lijie Tang
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Wang
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Cui
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Malm M, Hyöty H, Knip M, Vesikari T, Blazevic V. Development of T cell immunity to norovirus and rotavirus in children under five years of age. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3199. [PMID: 30824789 PMCID: PMC6397277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the research effort to understand protective immunity against norovirus (NoV) has focused on humoral immunity, whereas immunity against another major pediatric enteric virus, rotavirus (RV), has been studied more thoroughly. The aim of this study was to investigate development of cell-mediated immunity to NoV in early childhood. Immune responses to NoV GI.3 and GII.4 virus-like particles and RV VP6 were determined in longitudinal blood samples of 10 healthy children from three months to four years of age. Serum IgG antibodies were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and production of interferon-gamma by peripheral blood T cells was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. NoV-specific T cells were detected in eight of 10 children by the age of four, with some individual variation. T cell responses to NoV GII.4 were higher than those to GI.3, but these responses were generally lower than responses to RV VP6. In contrast to NoV-specific antibodies, T cell responses were transient in nature. No correlation between cell-mediated and antibody responses was observed. NoV exposure induces vigorous T cell responses in children under five years of age, similar to RV. A role of T cells in protection from NoV infection in early childhood warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Malm
- Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, and Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Vesikari
- Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesna Blazevic
- Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lappalainen S, Blazevic V, Malm M, Vesikari T. Rotavirus vaccination and infection induce VP6-specific IgA responses. J Med Virol 2016; 89:239-245. [PMID: 27431308 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis (GE) in young children, but RVGE has drastically been reduced with the introduction of live oral RV vaccines into childhood immunization program in many countries. Serum IgA antibody is a marker of clinical protection against severe RVGE after RV infection and vaccination. This study investigated VP6-specificity of anti-RV IgA antibody levels in Finnish children aged 6-23 months before and after introduction of RotaTeq® into national immunization program. Although RV inner capsid protein VP6 is considered as antigenic target in clinical and seroepidemiological studies, at present VP6 protein is not commonly employed as a primary ELISA-antigen. Thus, sera from 20 unvaccinated and 19 vaccinated children were examined in ELISA with recombinant VP6 (rVP6) protein, and the VP6-specific responses were compared to responses observed with human RV Wa and bovine RV WC3 cell culture antigens. Moreover, fecal antibodies were tested with rVP6 and Wa cell culture antigen. Equal levels of serum anti-RV IgA antibodies were detected by the three antigens. Fecal IgA titers against rVP6 and Wa antigen showed a correlation with the corresponding serum levels. The results suggest that the IgA response measured by virus-capture ELISA is mainly directed to VP6 protein, supporting the usage of rVP6 in detection of anti-RV IgA antibodies. Natural RV infections and vaccinations induced similar levels of serum VP6-specific IgA antibodies. Serum IgA antibodies after RotaTeq® vaccination showed sustained levels up to two years of age in line with long term protection. J. Med. Virol. 89:239-245, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Lappalainen
- Vaccine Research Center, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesna Blazevic
- Vaccine Research Center, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maria Malm
- Vaccine Research Center, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Vesikari
- Vaccine Research Center, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Angel J, Steele AD, Franco MA. Correlates of protection for rotavirus vaccines: Possible alternative trial endpoints, opportunities, and challenges. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:3659-71. [PMID: 25483685 PMCID: PMC4514048 DOI: 10.4161/hv.34361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is a major vaccine-preventable killer of young children worldwide. Two RV vaccines are globally commercially available and other vaccines are in different stages of development. Due to the absence of a suitable correlate of protection (CoP), all RV vaccine efficacy trials have had clinical endpoints. These trials represent an important challenge since RV vaccines have to be introduced in many different settings, placebo-controlled studies are unethical due to the availability of licensed vaccines, and comparator assessments for new vaccines with clinical endpoints are very large, complex, and expensive to conduct. A CoP as a surrogate endpoint would allow predictions of vaccine efficacy for new RV vaccines and enable a regulatory pathway, contributing to the more rapid development of new RV vaccines. The goal of this review is to summarize experiences from RV natural infection and vaccine studies to evaluate potential CoP for use as surrogate endpoints for assessment of new RV vaccines, and to explore challenges and opportunities in the field.
Collapse
Key Words
- ASC, antibody secreting cells
- CO, cutoff
- CoP, correlate of protection
- EMA, European Medicines Agency
- GAVI, Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation
- GE, gastroenteritis
- GMT, geometric mean titers
- HAI, haemagglutination inhibition
- IgA
- MenC, Meningococcal serogroup C
- RRV-TV, Rhesus RV-Tetravalent vaccine
- RV, rotavirus
- RV-NA, RV specific neutralizing antibodies
- RV-SIg, rotavirus secretory Ig
- RV-T cells, rotavirus specific T cells
- RV1, Rotarix®
- RV5, RotaTeq®
- RV5-precursor, RV5 precursor reassortants
- SBA, serum bactericidal assay
- SGE, severe gastroenteritis
- VE, vaccine efficacy
- VEI, VE estimated with an immunological endpoint
- WHO, World Health Organization
- correlates of protection
- mBc, memory B cells
- mucosal
- rSAB, serum bactericidal assay using rabbit serum
- rotavirus
- vaccines
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juana Angel
- a I nstituto de Genética Humana; Facultad de Medicina ; Pontificia Universidad ; Javeriana , Bogotá
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Correlates of protection against human rotavirus disease and the factors influencing protection in low-income settings. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:1-17. [PMID: 25465100 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RV) are the leading cause of gastroenteritis in infants and children worldwide and are associated with high mortality predominately in low-income settings. The virus is classified into G and P serotypes and further into P genotypes based on differences in the surface-exposed proteins VP7 and VP4, respectively. Infection results in a variable level of protection from subsequent reinfection and disease. This protection is predominantly homotypic in some settings, whereas broader heterotypic protection is reported in other cohorts. Two antigenically distinct oral RV vaccines are licensed and are being rolled out widely, including in resource-poor setting, with funding provided by the GAVI alliance. First is a monovalent vaccine derived from a live-attenuated human RV strain, whereas the second is a pentavalent bovine-human reassortment vaccine. Both vaccines are highly efficacious in high-income settings, but greatly reduced levels of protection are reported in low-income countries. Here, the current challenges facing mucosal immunologists and vaccinologists aiming to define immunological correlates and to understand the variable levels of protection conferred by these vaccines in humans is considered. Such understanding is critical to maximize the public health impact of the current vaccines and also to the development of the next generation of RV vaccines, which are needed.
Collapse
|