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Tshiabuila D, Choga W, James SE, Maponga T, Preiser W, van Zyl G, Moir M, van Wyk S, Giandhari J, Pillay S, Anyaneji UJ, Lessells RJ, Naidoo Y, Sanko TJ, Wilkinson E, Tegally H, Baxter C, Martin DP, de Oliveira T. An Oxford Nanopore Technology-Based Hepatitis B Virus Sequencing Protocol Suitable For Genomic Surveillance Within Clinical Diagnostic Settings. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.19.24301519. [PMID: 38293032 PMCID: PMC10827254 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.19.24301519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant public health concern, particularly in Africa, where there is a substantial burden. HBV is an enveloped virus, with isolates being classified into ten phylogenetically distinct genotypes (A - J) determined based on full-genome sequence data or reverse hybridization-based diagnostic tests. In practice, limitations are noted in that diagnostic sequencing, generally using Sanger sequencing, tends to focus only on the S-gene, yielding little or no information on intra-patient HBV genetic diversity with very low-frequency variants and reverse hybridization detects only known genotype-specific mutations. To resolve these limitations, we developed an Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT)-based HBV genotyping protocol suitable for clinical virology, yielding complete HBV genome sequences and extensive data on intra-patient HBV diversity. Specifically, the protocol involves tiling-based PCR amplification of HBV sequences, library preparation using the ONT Rapid Barcoding Kit, ONT GridION sequencing, genotyping using Genome Detective software, recombination analysis using jpHMM and RDP5 software, and drug resistance profiling using Geno2pheno software. We prove the utility of our protocol by efficiently generating and characterizing high-quality near full-length HBV genomes from 148 left-over diagnostic Hepatitis B patient samples obtained in the Western Cape province of South Africa, providing valuable insights into the genetic diversity and epidemiology of HBV in this region of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Tshiabuila
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Wonderful Choga
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - San E. James
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), Stellenbosch University, South Africa
- KwaZulu Natal Research and Innovation Sequencing Platform (KRISP), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Tongai Maponga
- Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa & National Health Laboratory Service
| | - Wolfgang Preiser
- Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa & National Health Laboratory Service
| | - Gert van Zyl
- Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa & National Health Laboratory Service
| | - Monika Moir
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Stephanie van Wyk
- Collaborating Centre for Optimizing Antimalarial Therapy (CCOAT), Mitigating Antimalarial Resistance Consortium in South East Africa (MARC SEA), Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Giandhari
- KwaZulu Natal Research and Innovation Sequencing Platform (KRISP), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sureshnee Pillay
- KwaZulu Natal Research and Innovation Sequencing Platform (KRISP), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ugochukwu J. Anyaneji
- KwaZulu Natal Research and Innovation Sequencing Platform (KRISP), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Richard J. Lessells
- KwaZulu Natal Research and Innovation Sequencing Platform (KRISP), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Yeshnee Naidoo
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Tomasz Janusz Sanko
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Eduan Wilkinson
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Houriiyah Tegally
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Cheryl Baxter
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Darren P. Martin
- Computational Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Tulio de Oliveira
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), Stellenbosch University, South Africa
- KwaZulu Natal Research and Innovation Sequencing Platform (KRISP), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Evolutional transition of HBV genome during the persistent infection determined by single-molecule real-time sequencing. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0047. [PMID: 36848123 PMCID: PMC9974078 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although HBV infection is a serious health issue worldwide, the landscape of HBV genome dynamics in the host has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to determine the continuous genome sequence of each HBV clone using a single-molecule real-time sequencing platform, and clarify the dynamics of structural abnormalities during persistent HBV infection without antiviral therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-five serum specimens were collected from 10 untreated HBV-infected patients. Continuous whole-genome sequencing of each clone was performed using a PacBio Sequel sequencer; the relationship between genomic variations and clinical information was analyzed. The diversity and phylogeny of the viral clones with structural variations were also analyzed. RESULTS The whole-genome sequences of 797,352 HBV clones were determined. The deletion was the most common structural abnormality and concentrated in the preS/S and C regions. Hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe)-negative samples or samples with high alanine aminotransferase levels have significantly diverse deletions than anti-HBe-positive samples or samples with low alanine aminotransferase levels. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that various defective and full-length clones evolve independently and form diverse viral populations. CONCLUSIONS Single-molecule real-time long-read sequencing revealed the dynamics of genomic quasispecies during the natural course of chronic HBV infections. Defective viral clones are prone to emerge under the condition of active hepatitis, and several types of defective variants can evolve independently of the viral clones with the full-length genome.
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A New Method for Next-Generation Sequencing of the Full Hepatitis B Virus Genome from A Clinical Specimen: Impact for Virus Genotyping. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091391. [PMID: 32932752 PMCID: PMC7564258 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus that induces chronic liver disease. HBV has been classified into eight genotypes (A–H) according to its genome sequence by using Sanger sequencing or reverse hybridization. Sanger sequencing is often restricted to analyzing the S gene and is inaccurate for detecting minority genetic variants, whereas reverse hybridization detects only known mutations. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a robust tool for clinical virology with different protocols available. The objective of this study was to develop a new method for the study of viral genetic polymorphisms or more accurate genotyping using genome amplification followed by NGS. Plasma obtained from five chronically infected HBV individuals was used for viral DNA isolation. HBV full-genome PCR amplification was the enrichment method for NGS. Primers were used to amplify all HBV genotypes in three overlapping amplicons, following a tagmentation step and Illumina NGS. For phylogenetic analysis, sequences were extracted from the HBVdb database. We were able to amplify a full HBV genome; further, NGS was shown to be a robust method and allowed better genotyping, mainly in patients carrying mixed genotypes, classified according to other techniques. This new method may be significant for whole genome analyses, including other viruses.
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Peeridogaheh H, Meshkat Z, Habibzadeh S, Arzanlou M, Shahi JM, Rostami S, Gerayli S, Teimourpour R. Current concepts on immunopathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection. Virus Res 2017; 245:29-43. [PMID: 29273341 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of liver damage and hepatic inflammation. Upon infection, effective antiviral responses by CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, Natural killer (NK) cells, and monocytes can lead to partial or complete eradication of the viral infection. To date, many studies have shown that the production of inhibitory cytokines such as Interleukin 10 (IL-10), Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), along with dysfunction of the dendritic cells (DCs), and the absence of efficient innate immune responses could lead to T cell exhaustion, development of persistent infection, and inability to eradicate the viral infection from liver. Understanding the immunopathogenesis of the virus could be useful in providing further insights toward novel strategies in the eradication of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Peeridogaheh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu Ali Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Shahram Habibzadeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohsen Arzanlou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Jafar Mohammad Shahi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sina Rostami
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sina Gerayli
- Departments of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Roghayeh Teimourpour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Wu DX, Fu XY, Gong GZ, Sun KW, Gong HY, Wang L, Wu J, Tan DM. Novel HBV mutations and their value in predicting efficacy of conventional interferon. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2017; 16:189-196. [PMID: 28381384 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(16)60184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating studies assessing the impacts of hot spot mutations on conventional interferon (IFN) efficacy come to discrepant conclusions; studies regarding the mutations in S and RT regions are also unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of HBV mutations on the efficacy of conventional IFN. METHODS A total of 126 patients who received conventional IFN treatment for 48 weeks were enrolled. Biochemical and serological parameters were routinely tested. The sequences of HBV from 78 serum samples were amplified by nested-PCR; mutations were identified with sequence scanner V1.0 after ABI 3730xl direct sequencing, HBV genotypes were determined according to RT gene sequences utilizing NCBI Genotyping Tool which was based on phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS The baseline DNA levels of virological response (VR) group were significantly lower than those of no VR group [7.13+/-0.76 vs 7.69+/-0.56 lg (copies/mL), P=0.001]. The baseline ALT levels were significantly higher in the HBeAg clearance group (204.72+/-88.65 vs 162.80+/-85.81 IU/L, P<0.05) and HBeAg seroconversion group (204.89+/-95.68 vs 166.75+/-84.43 IU/L, P<0.05). Females and lower BMI levels (20.01+/-2.33 vs 21.65+/-3.66 kg/m2, P<0.05) were prone to acquired biochemical response (BR). PC-W28STOP (ntG1896A) was significantly higher in the combined response (CR) group than that in the no CR group (91.7% vs 39.7%, P=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline DNA, PC-P159T (ntC2288A), BCP-N118T (ntA1726C) and BCP-L134L (ntA1775C/G/T) influenced VR independently. PC-G182C (ntG2357T), PC-S64A/T (ntT2003G/A) and BMI were independent influence factors for HBeAg clearance, HBeAg seroconversion and BR, respectively. The new predicting model concluded that baseline DNA and new mutations for VR were established successfully, and ROC analysis showed that AUC was 0.842 (P<0.001) with a sensitivity of 0.652 and a specificity of 0.933. CONCLUSIONS PC-P159T (ntC2288A), BCP-N118T (ntA1726C), BCP-L134L (ntA1775C/G/T), PC-G182C (ntG2357T) and PC-S64A/T (ntT2003G/A) were novel identified mutations that impacted IFN therapeutic efficacy. These novel mutations could serve as important predictors before conventional IFN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Xian Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
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Parker J, Chen J. Application of next generation sequencing for the detection of human viral pathogens in clinical specimens. J Clin Virol 2016; 86:20-26. [PMID: 27902961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next generation sequencing (NGS) is a new technology that can be used for broad detection of infectious pathogens and is rapidly becoming an essential platform in clinical laboratories. It is not known how NGS will displace or enhance gold standard methodologies in infectious disease diagnosis. OBJECTIVES To investigate the feasibility and application of NGS technology in public health laboratories and compare NGS technology with conventional methods. STUDY DESIGN Illumina MiSeq system was used to detect viral pathogens alongside other conventional virology methods using typical clinical specimen matrices. Sixteen clinical specimens and two CDC proficiency panels containing seventeen specimens were analyzed. RESULTS Known pathogenic viral nucleic acid was positively identified in all clinical specimens, correlating and building upon results obtained by more conventional laboratory methods. Sequencing depths ranged from 0.008X to 319 and genome coverage ranged from 0.6% to 99.9%. To substantiate the described methods used to analyze data derived from clinical specimens, the results of a clinical proficiency panel are also presented. DISCUSSION Our results reveal true scarcity of known pathogenic viral nucleic acids in clinical specimens. NGS outperforms more conventional detection methods in this study by turnaround time as well as the improved depth of knowledge in regards to serotyping and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme Parker
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; Alaska State Public Health Virology Laboratory, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Jack Chen
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; Alaska State Public Health Virology Laboratory, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
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Widasari DI, Yano Y, Heriyanto DS, Utsumi T, Yamani LN, Rinonce HT, Wasityastuti W, Lusida MI, Soetjipto, Okada R, Murakami Y, Tanahashi T, Azuma T, Hayashi Y. A deep-sequencing method detects drug-resistant mutations in the hepatitis B virus in Indonesians. Intervirology 2014; 57:384-92. [PMID: 25382636 DOI: 10.1159/000366420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The long-term administration of a nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B may encourage the emergence of viral mutations associated with drug resistance. Minor populations of viruses may exist before treatment, but are difficult to detect because of technological limitations. Identifying minor viral quasispecies should be useful in the clinical management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. METHODS Six treatment-naïve Indonesian patients with chronic HBV infection participated in this study. The polymerase region of the HBV genome, including regions with known drug-resistant mutations, was subjected to capillary sequencing and MiSeq sequencing (Illumina). Mutations were analyzed with Genomics Workbench software version 6.0.1 (CLC bio). RESULTS The mean mapping reads for the six samples was 745,654, and the mean number of amplified fragments ranged from 17,926 to 25,336 DNA reads. Several known drug-resistant mutations in the reverse transcriptase region were identified in all patients, although the frequencies were low (0.12-1.06%). The proportions of the total number of reads containing mutations I169L/M, S202R, M204I/L or N236S were >1.0%. CONCLUSION Several known NA-resistant mutations were detected in treatment-naïve patients in Indonesia using deep sequencing. Careful management of such patients is essential to prevent drug-resistant mutations from spreading to other patients.
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Transcriptome profile of human neuroblastoma cells in the hypomagnetic field. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:448-61. [PMID: 24777382 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that the hypomagnetic field (HMF) can affect embryo development, cell proliferation, learning and memory, and in vitro tubulin assembly. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which the HMF exerts its effect, by comparing the transcriptome profiles of human neuroblastoma cells exposed to either the HMF or the geomagnetic field. A total of 2464 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 216 of which were up-regulated and 2248 of which were down-regulated after exposure to the HMF. These DEGs were found to be significantly clustered into several key processes, namely macromolecule localization, protein transport, RNA processing, and brain function. Seventeen DEGs were verified by real-time quantitative PCR, and the expression levels of nine of these DEGs were measured every 6 h. Most notably, MAPK1 and CRY2, showed significant up- and down-regulation, respectively, during the first 6 h of HMF exposure, which suggests involvement of the MAPK pathway and cryptochrome in the early bio-HMF response. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed biological effects of the HMF.
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