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Ma T, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhao Y, Attiogbe KB, Fan X, Fan W, Sun J, Luo Y, Yu X, Ji W, Cheng X, Wu X. The Resistance of Soybean Variety Heinong 84 to Apple Latent Spherical Virus Is Controlled by Two Genetic Loci. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2034. [PMID: 38396711 PMCID: PMC10889123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) is widely used as a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector for function genome study. However, the application of ALSV to soybeans is limited by the resistance of many varieties. In this study, the genetic locus linked to the resistance of a resistant soybean variety Heinong 84 was mapped by high-throughput sequencing-based bulk segregation analysis (HTS-BSA) using a hybrid population crossed from Heinong 84 and a susceptible variety, Zhonghuang 13. The results showed that the resistance of Heinong 84 to ALSV is controlled by two genetic loci located on chromosomes 2 and 11, respectively. Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were developed for identification and genotyping. Inheritance and biochemical analyses suggest that the resistance locus on chromosome 2 plays a dominant dose-dependent role, while the other locus contributes a secondary role in resisting ALSV. The resistance locus on chromosome 2 might encode a protein that can directly inhibit viral proliferation, while the secondary resistance locus on chromosome 11 may encode a host factor required for viral proliferation. Together, these data reveal novel insights on the resistance mechanism of Heinong 84 to ALSV, which will benefit the application of ALSV as a VIGS vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingshuai Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Yong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Kekely Bruno Attiogbe
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Xinyue Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Wenqian Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Yalou Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Xinwei Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Weiqin Ji
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
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Jagram N, Dasgupta I. Principles and practice of virus induced gene silencing for functional genomics in plants. Virus Genes 2023; 59:173-187. [PMID: 36266497 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) has, of late, emerged as an important tool for transient silencing of genes in plants. This is now being increasingly used to determine functions of novel genes in a wide variety of plants, many of which are important crops yielding food and fiber or are sources of products having pharmaceutical uses. The technology for VIGS comprises the development of vectors derived from viruses, choosing the optimal orientation and size of the gene to be targeted and adopting the most suitable method of inoculation. This review gives a brief overview of the main aspects of VIGS technology as is being practiced. It also discusses the challenges the technology faces and the possible way ahead to improve its robustness, so that the technology finds wider applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Jagram
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Indranil Dasgupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Jiang L, Chen J, Yang YZ, Li R, Li S, Wang ZQ, Jiang T. Functional analysis of a viral promoter from a strawberry vein banding virus isolate from China. Virol J 2022; 19:60. [PMID: 35361243 PMCID: PMC8974135 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Promoters are important factors affecting gene expression in cells. The driven activities of viral promoters were generally assessed to screen available promoters for transgenic and research and biotech industries. In this study, we cloned a full-length promoter from a Chinese isolate of strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) and produced several deletion mutants for evaluation of applications in production of reporter proteins in stable transgenic plants. Methods The full-length promoter of SVBV (SP1) and its three deletion mutants (SP2, SP3, and SP4) were amplified using polymerase chain reaction. The effects of SVBV SP1, SP2, SP3, and SP4 on gene expression were evaluated using β-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter genes. Results Transient expression assays showed that the SVBV SP1 promoter and its three deletion mutants all expressed the reporter genes, albeit at very different levels. Interestingly, transcriptional activity driven by the SP1 promoter was much higher than that of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. After stable transformation of the GUS gene into Nicotiana tabacum plants, SVBV SP1-driven transgene expression was approximately 2.6-fold higher than CaMV 35S promoter-driven transgene expression. In addition, GUS gene expression levels were enhanced by co-inoculation of the plants with the SP1 promoter-driven vector carrying the GUS gene and the vector expressing SVBV open reading frame (ORF) V or ORF VI. Conclusions The SVBV SP1 promoter from the Chinese isolate evaluated in this study could successfully drive transient and stable expression in plants, it was a stronger promoter than the CaMV 35S and FLt-US promoters and may be more useful for the production of stable transgenic plants. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-022-01778-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Zhi Yang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong Jiang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.
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Wei Z, Jiang C, Mao C, Zhang H, Miao R, Chen J, Sun Z. Occurrence of Soybean Yellow Common Mosaic Virus in Soybean in China Showing Yellow Common Mosaic Disease. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 105:1236-1236. [PMID: 33200969 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-20-1738-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soybean yellow common mosaic virus (SYCMV), a positive sense ssRNA virus classified in the genus Sobemovirus, was first reported and characterized in Korea (Nam et al., 2012). Currently, its only known host is soybean (Nam et al., 2012) on which it causes bright yellow mosaic and crinkling of the leaves (Lim et al., 2016). During a field survey in July 2019, bright yellow mosaic and mild crinkling symptoms were observed on soybean leaves (cv. Zhonghuang 13) in the Hubei province of China. To identify the possible pathogen(s) associated to the disease symptoms, leaves from five symptomatic plants were collected, pooled and total RNA was extracted using TRIzol® Reagent (Invitrogen, CA, USA). 10 μg of the total RNA was purified via magnetic beads (Thermo Fischer Scientific, USA) and a TruSeq RNA Sample Prep Kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) was then used to construct an RNA sequencing library. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on an Illumina HiSeq 4000 (LC Sciences, USA). The average insert size for the paired-end library was 300 ± 50 bp. After quality control, a total of 47.5 million clean reads were obtained and assembled using the Trinity software (version 2.8.5). The assembled contigs were searched against NCBI virus RefSeqs (ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/release/viral) by the BLASTx algorithm with a cutoff E value of ≤10-5. 12 contigs sized from 3,421 to 4,093 bp were found to share a sequence identity of 77.5%-94.1% with SYCMV isolates from Japan (LC332541) and South Korea (JF495127.1). No other virus matches were identified. The largest contig (4,093 bp, MT816507) covers 99% of the expected complete genome of SYCMV (4,121 bp, KX096577). To verify the accuracy of the sequence assembled, RT-PCR-Sanger sequencing was performed on a single field plant sample using primers designed for SYCMV (Forward, 5'-GAACAAAGAGTCTGGATCTT-3'; Reverse, 5'-TCCTTCCAAAACCTCGCGGG-3'). The sequence of the amplicon (3854 bp, MT997092) exhibited an identity of 99.9% to the HTS-derived SYCMV contig sequence. Phylogenetic analysis of the amplicon sequence revealed that the SYCMV isolate from China formed a distinct branch in the tree (Fig. S1). Sap from symptomatic field plants was used to mechanically inoculate two soybean cultivars (Jiunong 9 and Kefeng 1, 10 plants per cultivar), and leaves inoculated with phosphate buffer saline (PBS, 0.01 M, pH 7.5) served as a control (3 plants per cultivar). All but the control plants developed systemic bright yellow mosaic symptoms 10 days after inoculation (Fig. S2A). The infection of the soybean plants with SYCMV was confirmed by RT-PCR with the newly designed primers for SYCMV (Forward, 5'- CCTACAGGCATTGGTTTCGT-3'; Reverse, 5'-CGTGAGGTTCTTGCTTCACA-3', anticipated amplicon size: 2,210 bp) (Fig. S2B) and by amplicon sequencing (100% sequence identity with MT9979092). In addition, the infection was further confirmed by immuno-blotting using an antibody against SYCMV coat protein (synthesized by GenScript, USA) (Fig. S2C). Together, the results demonstrate that SYCMV is the causal agent of the bright yellow mosaic symptoms in soybean observed in the field. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SYCMV on soybean in China. These findings shall not only alert local growers to a potential new threat to soybean production in their region, but also provide new insights on the transmission, epidemiology and pathological properties of SYCMV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China, 315211;
| | - Chong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China;
| | - Chenyang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China;
| | - Hehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China;
| | - Runpu Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China;
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Fenghua road 818, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China, 315211;
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Abrahamian P, Hammond RW, Hammond J. Plant Virus-Derived Vectors: Applications in Agricultural and Medical Biotechnology. Annu Rev Virol 2020; 7:513-535. [PMID: 32520661 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-010720-054958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Major advances in our understanding of plant viral genome expression strategies and the interaction of a virus with its host for replication and movement, induction of disease, and resistance responses have been made through the generation of infectious molecules from cloned viral sequences. Autonomously replicating viral vectors derived from infectious clones have been exploited to express foreign genes in plants. Applications of virus-based vectors include the production of human/animal therapeutic proteins in plant cells and the specific study of plant biochemical processes, including those that confer resistance to pathogens. Additionally, virus-induced gene silencing, which is RNA mediated and triggered through homology-dependent RNA degradation mechanisms, has been exploited as an efficient method to study the functions of host genes in plants and to deliver small RNAs to insects. New and exciting strategies for vector engineering, delivery, and applications of plant virus-based vectors are the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Abrahamian
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Rosemarie W Hammond
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - John Hammond
- Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, United States National Arboretum, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA;
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Sandra N, Jailani AAK, Jain RK, Mandal B. Development of Soybean Yellow Mottle Mosaic Virus-Based Expression Vector for Heterologous Protein Expression in French Bean. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:181-190. [PMID: 30600448 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant virus-based vectors provide attractive and valuable tools for rapid production of recombinant protein in large quantities as they produce systemic infections in differentiated plant tissues. In the present study, we engineered the Soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYMMV) as a gene expression vector which is a promising candidate for systemic expression of foreign proteins in French bean plants. Full virus vector strategy was exploited for insertion of foreign gene by inserting MCS through PCR in the circular pJET-SYMMV clone. To examine the ability of the SYMMV vector system, GFP gene was cloned after the start codon of coat protein (CP) so that its expression was driven by the SYMMV-CP subgenomic promoter. When in vitro run off SYMMV-GFP transcript was mechanically inoculated to French bean leaves, good level of GFP expression was observed through confocal microscopy up to 40 dpi. Expression of heterologous protein was also confirmed through ISEM, DAC-ELISA and RT-PCR with specific primers at 20 dpi. The recombinant SYMMV construct was stable in in vitro runoff transcript inoculated plants but the inserted GFP was lost in progeny virion inoculated plants. The system developed here will be useful for further studies of SYMMV gene functions and exploitation of SYMMV as a gene expression vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagamani Sandra
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - A Abdul Kader Jailani
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Jain
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Bikash Mandal
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Dommes AB, Gross T, Herbert DB, Kivivirta KI, Becker A. Virus-induced gene silencing: empowering genetics in non-model organisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:757-770. [PMID: 30452695 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an RNA interference-based technology used to transiently knock down target gene expression by utilizing modified plant viral genomes. VIGS can be adapted to many angiosperm species that cover large phylogenetic distances, allowing the analysis of gene functions in species that are not amenable to stable genetic transformation. With a vast amount of sequence information already available and even more likely to become available in the future, VIGS provides a means to analyze the functions of candidate genes identified in large genomic or transcriptomic screens. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of target species and VIGS vector systems, assess recent key publications in the field, and explain how plant viruses are modified to serve as VIGS vectors. As many reports on the VIGS technique are being published, we also propose minimal reporting guidelines for carrying out these experiments, with the aim of increasing comparability between experiments. Finally, we propose methods for the statistical evaluation of phenotypic results obtained with VIGS-treated plants, as analysis is challenging due to the predominantly transient nature of the silencing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Dommes
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gross
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Denise B Herbert
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Kimmo I Kivivirta
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
| | - Annette Becker
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Gießen, Germany
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Qiao W, Falk BW. Efficient Protein Expression and Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Plants Using a Crinivirus-Derived Vector. Viruses 2018; 10:E216. [PMID: 29695039 PMCID: PMC5977209 DOI: 10.3390/v10050216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant virus-based vectors are valuable tools for recombinant gene expression and functional genomics for both basic and applied research. In this study, Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) of the genus Crinivirus was engineered into a virus vector that is applicable for efficient protein expression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in plants. We examined gene replacement and “add a gene” strategies to develop LIYV-derived vectors for transient expression of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The latter yielded higher GFP expression and was further examined by testing the effects of heterologous controller elements (CEs). A series of five vector constructs with progressively extended LIYV CP sgRNA CEs were tested, the longest CE gave the highest GFP expression but lower virus accumulation. The whitefly transmissibility of the optimized vector construct to other host plants, and the capability to accommodate and express a larger gene, a 1.8 kb β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene, were confirmed. Furthermore, the LIYV vector was also validated VIGS by silencing the endogenous gene, phytoene desaturase (PDS) in N. benthamiana plants, and the transgene GFP in N. benthamiana line 16c plants. Therefore, LIYV-derived vectors could provide a technical reference for developing vectors of other economically important criniviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Qiao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, 95616 CA, USA.
| | - Bryce W Falk
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, 95616 CA, USA.
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Zhan YY, Wang JH, Tian X, Feng SX, Xue L, Tian LP. Protective effects of seed melon extract on CCl 4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:531-537. [PMID: 27717904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao, was also known as watermelon belongs to family Cucurbitaceae, variously used as healthy food and in the treatment of liver and lungs problems. Currently, Citrullus lanatus has become a major economic crop of medicinal and edible effects with regional characteristics. AIM This study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of the seed melon (Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao) extract (SME) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, mice were randomly divided into 7 groups, including normal control, model, silymarin tablets as the positive control, SME 100, 200, 400, and 800mg/kg. After 8 weeks, activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides (TG), hyaluronic acid (HA) and laminin (LN) were checked. The levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutataion (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined after SME administration. The hydroxyproline (HYP) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histopathologic examinations of hepatocyte fibrosis were also determined. Additionally, effects of SME on alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor beta-1(TGF-β1) protein expressions were determined. RESULTS We found that SME could significantly lower the serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers AST, ALT, HA and LN (P<0.01). Compared with the CCl4-only treatment group, levels of hepatic SOD and GSH-Px were significantly increased, and the MDA levels were remarkably decreased in mice treated by SME at medium dose (400mg/kg) and high dose (800mg/kg) (P<0.01). A histological examination of the liver showed that lesions, including necrosis, lymphocyte infiltration and fatty degeneration, were partially healed by treatment with SME. The results of protein expressions studies displayed that SME could inhibit α-SMA and TGF-β1 protein expression (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The present results suggested that protective effect of SME against CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis may rely on its effect on reducing oxidative stress and improving drug metabolizing enzyme activity in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Shi-Xiu Feng
- Shenzhen Fairy Lake Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | - Lin Xue
- Shihezi Vegetable Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Li-Ping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
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Joung YH, Park SH, Moon KB, Jeon JH, Cho HS, Kim HS. The Last Ten Years of Advancements in Plant-Derived Recombinant Vaccines against Hepatitis B. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1715. [PMID: 27754367 PMCID: PMC5085746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease prevention through vaccination is considered to be the greatest contribution to public health over the past century. Every year more than 100 million children are vaccinated with the standard World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended vaccines including hepatitis B (HepB). HepB is the most serious type of liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), however, it can be prevented by currently available recombinant vaccine, which has an excellent record of safety and effectiveness. To date, recombinant vaccines are produced in many systems of bacteria, yeast, insect, and mammalian and plant cells. Among these platforms, the use of plant cells has received considerable attention in terms of intrinsic safety, scalability, and appropriate modification of target proteins. Research groups worldwide have attempted to develop more efficacious plant-derived vaccines for over 30 diseases, most frequently HepB and influenza. More inspiring, approximately 12 plant-made antigens have already been tested in clinical trials, with successful outcomes. In this study, the latest information from the last 10 years on plant-derived antigens, especially hepatitis B surface antigen, approaches are reviewed and breakthroughs regarding the weak points are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hee Joung
- School of Biological Sciences & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Se Hee Park
- School of Biological Sciences & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Ki-Beom Moon
- Molecular Biofarming Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Jae-Heung Jeon
- Molecular Biofarming Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hye-Sun Cho
- Molecular Biofarming Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Molecular Biofarming Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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Zhao F, Lim S, Igori D, Yoo RH, Kwon SY, Moon JS. Development of tobacco ringspot virus-based vectors for foreign gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing in a variety of plants. Virology 2016; 492:166-78. [PMID: 26950504 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We report here the development of tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV)-based vectors for the transient expression of foreign genes and for the analysis of endogenous gene function in plants using virus-induced gene silencing. The jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was inserted between the TRSV movement protein (MP) and coat protein (CP) regions, resulting in high in-frame expression of the RNA2-encoded viral polyprotein. GFP was released from the polyprotein via an N-terminal homologous MP-CP cleavage site and a C-terminal foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2 A catalytic peptide in Nicotiana benthamiana. The VIGS target gene was introduced in the sense and antisense orientations into a SnaBI site, which was created by mutating the sequence following the CP stop codon. VIGS of phytoene desaturase (PDS) in N. benthamiana, Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0, cucurbits and legumes led to obvious photo-bleaching phenotypes. A significant reduction in PDS mRNA levels in silenced plants was confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumei Zhao
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea; Molecular Biofarming Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmo Lim
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea; Molecular Biofarming Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Davaajargal Igori
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea; Molecular Biofarming Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran Hee Yoo
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea; Molecular Biofarming Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Yoon Kwon
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea; Molecular Biofarming Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sun Moon
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea; Molecular Biofarming Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
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