1
|
Hansen CA, Barrett ADT. The Present and Future of Yellow Fever Vaccines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090891. [PMID: 34577591 PMCID: PMC8468696 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The disease yellow fever (YF) is prevented by a live-attenuated vaccine, termed 17D, which has been in use since the 1930s. One dose of the vaccine is thought to give lifelong (35+ years) protective immunity, and neutralizing antibodies are the correlate of protection. Despite being a vaccine-preventable disease, YF remains a major public health burden, causing an estimated 109,000 severe infections and 51,000 deaths annually. There are issues of supply and demand for the vaccine, and outbreaks in 2016 and 2018 resulted in fractional dosing of the vaccine to meet demand. The World Health Organization (WHO) has established the “Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics” (EYE) initiative to reduce the burden of YF over the next 10 years. As with most vaccines, the WHO has recommendations to assure the quality, safety, and efficacy of the YF vaccine. These require the use of live 17D vaccine only produced in embryonated chicken eggs, and safety evaluated in non-human primates only. Thus, any second-generation vaccines would require modification of WHO recommendations if they were to be used in endemic countries. There are multiple second-generation YF vaccine candidates in various stages of development that must be shown to be non-inferior to the current 17D vaccine in terms of safety and immunogenicity to progress through clinical trials to potential licensing. The historic 17D vaccine continues to shape the global vaccine landscape in its use in the generation of multiple licensed recombinant chimeric live vaccines and vaccine candidates, in which its structural protein genes are replaced with those of other viruses, such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis. There is no doubt that the YF 17D live-attenuated vaccine will continue to play a role in the development of new vaccines for YF, as well as potentially for many other pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clairissa A. Hansen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-4036, USA;
| | - Alan D. T. Barrett
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-4036, USA;
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-4036, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Serrão de Andrade AA, Soares AER, Paula de Almeida LG, Ciapina LP, Pestana CP, Aquino CL, Medeiros MA, Ribeiro de Vasconcelos AT. Testing the genomic stability of the Brazilian yellow fever vaccine strain using next-generation sequencing data. Interface Focus 2021; 11:20200063. [PMID: 34123353 PMCID: PMC8193464 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2020.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The live attenuated yellow fever (YF) vaccine was developed in the 1930s. Currently, the 17D and 17DD attenuated substrains are used for vaccine production. The 17D strain is used for vaccine production by several countries, while the 17DD strain is used exclusively in Brazil. The cell passages carried out through the seed-lot system of vaccine production influence the presence of quasispecies causing changes in the stability and immunogenicity of attenuated genotypes by increasing attenuation or virulence. Using next-generation sequencing, we carried out genomic characterization and genetic diversity analysis between vaccine lots of the Brazilian YF vaccine, produced by BioManguinhos–Fiocruz, and used during 11 years of vaccination in Brazil. We present 20 assembled and annotated genomes from the Brazilian 17DD vaccine strain, eight single nucleotide polymorphisms and the quasispecies spectrum reconstruction for the 17DD vaccine, through a pipeline here introduced. The V2IDA pipeline provided a relationship between low genetic diversity, maintained through the seed lot system, and the confirmation of genetic stability of lots of the Brazilian vaccine against YF. Our study sets precedents for use of V2IDA in genetic diversity analysis and in silico stability investigation of attenuated viral vaccines, facilitating genetic surveillance during the vaccine production process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Araújo Serrão de Andrade
- National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, Bioinformatics Laboratory (LABINFO), Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 333, Quitandinha 25651-075, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André E R Soares
- National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, Bioinformatics Laboratory (LABINFO), Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 333, Quitandinha 25651-075, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Paula de Almeida
- National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, Bioinformatics Laboratory (LABINFO), Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 333, Quitandinha 25651-075, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciane Prioli Ciapina
- National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, Bioinformatics Laboratory (LABINFO), Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 333, Quitandinha 25651-075, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Pinheiro Pestana
- Fiocruz, Bio-Manguinhos, Recombinant Technology Laboratory (LATER), Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Lessa Aquino
- Fiocruz, Bio-Manguinhos, Recombinant Technology Laboratory (LATER), Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Alberto Medeiros
- Fiocruz, Bio-Manguinhos, Recombinant Technology Laboratory (LATER), Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Tereza Ribeiro de Vasconcelos
- National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, Bioinformatics Laboratory (LABINFO), Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 333, Quitandinha 25651-075, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Deng Y, Yu B, Mo B, Luo L, Yang J, Zhang X, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhu J, Yang H, Fang S, Cheng Z, Li J, Shu Y, Luo G, Xiong W, Wei J, Li Z. Targeted resequencing showing novel common and rare genetic variants increases the risk of asthma in the Chinese Han population. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23813. [PMID: 33969541 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies have identified hundreds of genetic variants associated with asthma risk, a large fraction of heritability remains unexplained, especially in Chinese individuals. METHODS To identify genetic risk factors for asthma in a Han Chinese population, 211 asthma-related genes were first selected based on database searches. The genes were then sequenced for subjects in a Discovery Cohort (284 asthma patients and 205 older healthy controls) using targeted next-generation sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis and statistical association analyses were performed to reveal the associations between rare/common variants and asthma, respectively. The identified common risk variants underwent a validation analysis using a Replication Cohort (664 patients and 650 controls). RESULTS First, we identified 18 potentially functional rare loss-of-function (LOF) variants in 21/284 (7.4%) of the asthma cases. Second, using burden tests, we found that the asthma group had nominally significant (p < 0.05) burdens of rare nonsynonymous variants in 10 genes. Third, 23 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with the risk of asthma, 7/23 (30.4%) and 9/23 (39.1%) of which were modestly significant (p < 9.1 × 10-4 ) in the Replication Cohort and Combined Cohort, respectively. According to our cumulative risk model involving the modestly associated alleles, middle- and high-risk subjects had a 2.0-fold (95% CI: 1.621-2.423, p = 2.624 × 10-11 ) and 6.0-fold (95% CI: 3.623-10.156, p = 7.086 × 10-12 ) increased risk of asthma, respectively, compared with low-risk subjects. CONCLUSION This study revealed novel rare and common genetic risk factors for asthma, and provided a cumulative risk model for asthma risk prediction and stratification in Han Chinese individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhan Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetic Diagnosis Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Biwen Mo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Liman Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The 306 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Jingping Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Baotou, China
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingnan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, China
| | - Shirong Fang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, China
| | - Zhenshun Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingping Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, China
| | - Ying Shu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, China
| | - Guangwei Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Weining Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghong Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zongzhe Li
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetic Diagnosis Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lopes RL, Pinto JR, Silva Junior GBD, Santos AKT, Souza MTO, Daher EDF. Kidney involvement in yellow fever: a review. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2019; 61:e35. [PMID: 31340247 PMCID: PMC6648004 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201961035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever is one of the most important mosquito-borne diseases, which still affects a significant number of people every year, mainly in tropical countries. Mortality can be high, even with intensive treatment due to multiple organ failure, including acute kidney injury (AKI). This disease can also be a burden on the health care system in developing countries, without mentioning the number of lives that could be spared with an early diagnosis and adequate monitoring and treatment. The pathophysiology of yellow fever-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is still to be completely understood, and the best clinical approach has not yet been determined. This manuscript presents the most recent scientific evidence of kidney involvement in yellow fever, since AKI plays an important role in the mortality rate. Recent outbreaks have occurred in Brazil and further studies are required to provide a better clinical control for patients with yellow fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Lima Lopes
- Canadian College of Microbiologists. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Junior
- Universidade de Fortaleza, Curso de Medicina, Programas de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva e Ciências Médicas, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elizabeth De Francesco Daher
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|