1
|
Peng D, Guo Y, Chen H, Zhao S, Washington K, Hu T, Shyr Y, El-Rifai W. Integrated molecular analysis reveals complex interactions between genomic and epigenomic alterations in esophageal adenocarcinomas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40729. [PMID: 28102292 PMCID: PMC5244375 DOI: 10.1038/srep40729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is rapidly rising in the United States and Western countries. In this study, we carried out an integrative molecular analysis to identify interactions between genomic and epigenomic alterations in regulating gene expression networks in EAC. We detected significant alterations in DNA copy numbers (CN), gene expression levels, and DNA methylation profiles. The integrative analysis demonstrated that altered expression of 1,755 genes was associated with changes in CN or methylation. We found that expression alterations in 84 genes were associated with changes in both CN and methylation. These data suggest a strong interaction between genetic and epigenetic events to modulate gene expression in EAC. Of note, bioinformatics analysis detected a prominent K-RAS signature and predicted activation of several important transcription factor networks, including β-catenin, MYB, TWIST1, SOX7, GATA3 and GATA6. Notably, we detected hypomethylation and overexpression of several pro-inflammatory genes such as COX2, IL8 and IL23R, suggesting an important role of epigenetic regulation of these genes in the inflammatory cascade associated with EAC. In summary, this integrative analysis demonstrates a complex interaction between genetic and epigenetic mechanisms providing several novel insights for our understanding of molecular events in EAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- DunFa Peng
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Heidi Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - TianLing Hu
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yu Shyr
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lyros O, Nie L, Moore T, Medda R, Otterson M, Behmaram B, Mackinnon A, Gockel I, Shaker R, Rafiee P. Dysregulation of WNT5A/ROR2 Signaling Characterizes the Progression of Barrett-Associated Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:647-59. [PMID: 27084312 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The mechanism underlying the progression of normal esophageal mucosa to esophageal adenocarcinoma remains elusive. WNT5A is a noncanonical WNT, which mainly functions via the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2), and has an unclear role in carcinogenesis. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of WNT5A/ROR2 signaling in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Analysis of WNT5A and ROR2 expression patterns in healthy controls, Barrett and esophageal adenocarcinoma patients' esophageal clinical specimens as well as in various esophageal cell lines demonstrated a ROR2 overexpression in esophageal adenocarcinoma tissues compared with Barrett and healthy mucosa, whereas WNT5A expression was found significantly downregulated toward esophageal adenocarcinoma formation. Treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma OE33 cells with human recombinant WNT5A (rhWNT5A) significantly suppressed proliferation, survival, and migration in a dose-dependent fashion. rhWNT5A was found to inhibit TOPflash activity in ROR2 wild-type cells, whereas increased TOPflash activity in ROR2-knockdown OE33 cells. In addition, ROR2 knockdown alone abolished cell proliferation and weakened the migration properties of OE33 cells. These findings support an early dysregulation of the noncanonical WNT5A/ROR2 pathway in the pathogenesis of esophageal adenocarcinoma, with the loss of WNT5A expression together with the ROR2 overexpression to be consistent with tumor promotion. IMPLICATIONS The dysregulation of WNT5A/ROR2 noncanonical WNT signaling in Barrett-associated esophageal adenocarcinoma introduces possible prognostic markers and novel targets for tailored therapy of this malignancy. Mol Cancer Res; 14(7); 647-59. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Lyros
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Linghui Nie
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Tami Moore
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Rituparna Medda
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mary Otterson
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Behnaz Behmaram
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reza Shaker
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Parvaneh Rafiee
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Reeh M, Metze J, Uzunoglu FG, Nentwich M, Ghadban T, Wellner U, Bockhorn M, Kluge S, Izbicki JR, Vashist YK. The PER (Preoperative Esophagectomy Risk) Score: A Simple Risk Score to Predict Short-Term and Long-Term Outcome in Patients with Surgically Treated Esophageal Cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2724. [PMID: 26886613 PMCID: PMC4998613 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal resection in patients with esophageal cancer (EC) is still associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. We aimed to develop a simple preoperative risk score for the prediction of short-term and long-term outcomes for patients with EC treated by esophageal resection. In total, 498 patients suffering from esophageal carcinoma, who underwent esophageal resection, were included in this retrospective cohort study. Three preoperative esophagectomy risk (PER) groups were defined based on preoperative functional evaluation of different organ systems by validated tools (revised cardiac risk index, model for end-stage liver disease score, and pulmonary function test). Clinicopathological parameters, morbidity, and mortality as well as disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were correlated to the PER score. The PER score significantly predicted the short-term outcome of patients with EC who underwent esophageal resection. PER 2 and PER 3 patients had at least double the risk of morbidity and mortality compared to PER 1 patients. Furthermore, a higher PER score was associated with shorter DFS (P < 0.001) and OS (P < 0.001). The PER score was identified as an independent predictor of tumor recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 2.1; P < 0.001) and OS (HR 2.2; P < 0.001). The PER score allows preoperative objective allocation of patients with EC into different risk categories for morbidity, mortality, and long-term outcomes. Thus, multicenter studies are needed for independent validation of the PER score.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Reeh
- From the Departments of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery (MR, JM, FGU, MN, TG, MB, JRI, YKV) and Department of Intensive Care (SK), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg; and Departments of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery (UW), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nie L, Lyros O, Medda R, Jovanovic N, Schmidt JL, Otterson MF, Johnson CP, Behmaram B, Shaker R, Rafiee P. Endothelial-mesenchymal transition in normal human esophageal endothelial cells cocultured with esophageal adenocarcinoma cells: role of IL-1β and TGF-β2. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C859-77. [PMID: 25163519 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00081.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) has been recognized as a key determinant of tumor microenvironment in cancer progression and metastasis. Endothelial cells undergoing EndoMT lose their endothelial markers, acquire the mesenchymal phenotype, and become more invasive with increased migratory abilities. Early stages of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) are characterized by strong microvasculature whose impact in tumor progression remains undefined. Our aim was to determine the role of EndoMT in EAC by investigating the impact of tumor cells on normal primary human esophageal microvascular endothelial cells (HEMEC). HEMEC were either cocultured with OE33 adenocarcinoma cells or treated with IL-1β and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) for indicated periods and analyzed for EndoMT-associated changes by real-time PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and functional assays. Additionally, human EAC tissues were investigated for detection of EndoMT-like cells. Our results demonstrate an increased expression of mesenchymal markers [fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP1), collagen1α2, vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and Snail], decreased expression of endothelial markers [CD31, von Willebrand factor VIII (vWF), and VE-cadherin], and elevated migration ability in HEMEC following coculture with OE33 cells. The EndoMT-related changes were inhibited by IL-1β and TGF-β2 gene silencing in OE33 cells. Recombinant IL-1β and TGF-β2 induced EndoMT in HEMEC. Although the level of VEGF expression was elevated in EndoMT cells, the angiogenic property of these cells was diminished. In vivo, by immunostaining EndoMT-like cells were detected at the invasive front of EAC. Our findings underscore a significant role for EndoMT in EAC and provide new insights into the mechanisms and significance of EndoMT in the context of tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Nie
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Orestis Lyros
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Rituparna Medda
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Nebojsa Jovanovic
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Jamie L Schmidt
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Mary F Otterson
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Behnaz Behmaram
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Reza Shaker
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Parvaneh Rafiee
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song J, Peng XL, Ji MY, Ai MH, Zhang JX, Dong WG. Hugl-1 induces apoptosis in esophageal carcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:4127-4136. [PMID: 23864775 PMCID: PMC3710414 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i26.4127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine whether the human giant larvae homolog 1 gene (Hugl-1/Llg1/Lgl1) exerts tumor suppressor effects in esophageal cancer.
METHODS: We constructed a Hugl-1 expression plasmid, pEZ-M29-Hugl1, for gene transfection. We transfected the pEZ-M29-Hugl1 plasmid into Eca109 esophageal cancer cell lines with Lipofectamine 2000 to overexpress Hugl-1. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to determine the effects of the plasmid on Hugl-1 expression. In vitro cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined separately by cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting before and after the transfection of the plasmid into Eca109 cells. Cell cycle distribution was assessed with flow cytometry. The effect of Hugl-1 overexpressing on tumor growth in vivo was performed with a xenograft tumor model in nude mice. Expression of Hugl-1 in xenograft tumor was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) technique was performed to detect and quantitate apoptotic cell.
RESULTS: The transfection efficiency was confirmed with real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Our results show that compared with control groups the mRNA levels and protein levels of Hugl-1 in pEZ-M29-Hugl1-treated group were remarkably increased (P < 0.05). The CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the growth of cells overexpressing Hugl-1 was significantly lower than control cells. Cell cycle distribution showed there was a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in cells overexpressing Hugl-1 (64.09% ± 3.14% vs 50.32% ± 4.60%, 64.09% ± 3.14% vs 49.13% ± 2.24%). Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate revealed that apoptosis was significantly increased in cells overexpressing Hugl-1 compared with control group (17.33% ± 4.76% vs 6.90% ± 1.61%, 17.33% ± 4.76% vs 6.27% ± 0.38%). Moreover, we found that Hugl-1 changes the level of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and the activation of both caspase-3 and caspase-9. With a TUNEL assay, we found that Hugl-1 markedly increased the apoptosis rate of Eca109 cells in vivo (60.50% ± 9.11% vs 25.00% ± 12.25%). It was shown that Hugl-1 represents a significantly more effective tumor suppressor gene alone in a xenograft tumor mouse model. This data suggest that Hugl-1 inhibited tumor growth and induced cell apoptosis in vivo.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Hugl-1 induces growth suppression and apoptosis in a human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
|
6
|
Nwankwo N, Mirrakhimov AE, Wind KP, Bucher N. Brain metastasis from oesophageal adenocarcinoma. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-009395. [PMID: 23606394 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-009395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nwabundo Nwankwo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Davis VW, Schiller DE, Eurich D, Sawyer MB. Urinary metabolomic signature of esophageal cancer and Barrett's esophagus. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:271. [PMID: 23241138 PMCID: PMC3579706 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) often presents at a late, incurable stage, and mortality has increased substantially, due to an increase in incidence of EAC arising out of Barrett’s esophagus. When diagnosed early, however, the combination of surgery and adjuvant therapies is associated with high cure rates. Metabolomics provides a means for non- invasive screening of early tumor-associated perturbations in cellular metabolism. Methods Urine samples from patients with esophageal carcinoma (n = 44), Barrett’s esophagus (n = 31), and healthy controls (n = 75) were examined using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Targeted profiling of spectra using Chenomx software permitted quantification of 66 distinct metabolites. Unsupervised (principal component analysis) and supervised (orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis OPLS-DA) multivariate pattern recognition techniques were applied to discriminate between samples using SIMCA-P+ software. Model specificity was also confirmed through comparison with a pancreatic cancer cohort (n = 32). Results Clear distinctions between esophageal cancer, Barrett’s esophagus and healthy controls were noted when OPLS-DA was applied. Model validity was confirmed using two established methods of internal validation, cross-validation and response permutation. Sensitivity and specificity of the multivariate OPLS-DA models were summarized using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and revealed excellent predictive power (area under the curve = 0.9810 and 0.9627 for esophageal cancer and Barrett’s esophagus, respectively). The metabolite expression profiles of esophageal cancer and pancreatic cancer were also clearly distinguishable with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) = 0.8954. Conclusions Urinary metabolomics identified discrete metabolic signatures that clearly distinguished both Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal cancer from controls. The metabolite expression profile of esophageal cancer was also discrete from its precursor lesion, Barrett’s esophagus. The cancer-specific nature of this profile was confirmed through comparison with pancreatic cancer. These preliminary results suggest that urinary metabolomics may have a future potential role in non-invasive screening in these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa W Davis
- Department of Surgery, 2D2,01 Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Center, University of Alberta, 8440 112th Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ferte C, Romano O, Mariette C, Bourgeois V, Peugniez C, Lindet C, Ladrat L, Triboulet JP, Hebbar M. FOLFIRI chemotherapy in patients with advanced non resectable esophageal or junctional adenocarcinoma: a pilot study. J Chemother 2012; 23:358-61. [PMID: 22233821 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2011.23.6.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In this prospective pilot study, we assessed the efficacy and safety of the FOLFIRI regimen (irinotecan 180 mg/m², leucovorin 200 mg/m² d1 followed by bolus 400 mg/m² 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and by a 46-h 2400 mg/m² 5-FU infusion, every 2 weeks) in patients with advanced esophageal or junctional adenocarcinoma. Twenty-nine patients were included. A complete response was obtained in 2 patients, a partial response in 7 patients (objective response rate 31.0%). Stable disease was obtained in 13 patients (disease control rate 75.9%). The median progression-free and overall survivals were 5.9 and 8.6 months, respectively. One patient died from chemotherapy-related diarrhea after one cycle but this patient presented concomitant disease progression with cerebral metastases. We observed one additional grade 4 diarrhea, one grade 3 vomiting, and two grade 3 neutropenias. To conclude, FOLFIRI regimen appears quite active, with an acceptable safety profile in patients with advanced esophageal or junctional adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ferte
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|