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Piazza C, Lancini D, Tomasoni M, Zafereo M, Poorten VV, Hanna E, Mäkitie AA, Fernandez-Alvarez V, Kowalski LP, Chiesa-Estomba C, Ferlito A. Malignant carotid body tumors: What we know, what we do, and what we need to achieve. A systematic review of the literature. Head Neck 2024; 46:672-687. [PMID: 38179805 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant carotid body tumors (MCBT) are rare and diagnosed after detection of nodal or distant metastases. This systematic review (SR) focuses on MCBT initially approached by surgery. Preferred Reporting Items for SR and Meta-Analysis (MA) guided the articles search from 2000 to 2023 on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Among 3548 papers, 132 (337 patients) were considered for SR; of these, 20 (158 patients) for MA. Malignancy rate was 7.3%, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) mutation 17%, age at diagnosis between 4th and 6th decades, with a higher prevalence of females. MCBTs were mostly Shamblin III, with nodal and distant metastasis in 79.7% and 44.7%, respectively. Malignancy should be suspected if CBT >4 cm, Shamblin III, painful or otherwise symptomatic, at the extremes of age, bilateral, with multifocal disease, and SDHx mutations. Levels II-III clearance should be performed to exclude nodal metastases and adjuvant treatments considered on a case-by-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Piazza
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide Lancini
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Tomasoni
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mark Zafereo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vincent Vander Poorten
- Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ehab Hanna
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Antti A Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veronica Fernandez-Alvarez
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Torrecardenas, Almeria, Spain
| | - Luiz P Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School and Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Chiesa-Estomba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Donostia University Hospital, Deusto University - School of Medicine, BioGuipuzcoa Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy
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Gonzalez-Urquijo M, Hinojosa-Gonzalez DE, Viteri-Pérez VH, Becerril-Gaitan A, González-González M, Fabiani MA, Soto Vaca Guzmán IW, Valda Ameller GE, García-Pérez JDJ, Vaquero-Puerta C, Jaramillo-Vergara VH, Cisneros-Tinoco MA, Santoscoy-Ibarra JM, Cárdenas Figueroa EG, Borja Rojas VE, Salinas Ramos IV, Gonzalez-Valladares AJ, Katherine Perez AC, Bañuelos-Gutierrez G, Garcia Palafox JI, Gardeazabal-Diaz GF, López Aldayuz CA, Barajas-Colón JÁ. Risk Factors for Stroke After Carotid Paraganglioma Surgery. Ann Vasc Surg 2023; 90:137-143. [PMID: 36435423 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Carotid Paraganglioma Cooperative International Registry (CAPACITY) is an international registry composed of 1,432 patients with carotid body tumors (CBT) from 11 centers from 4 countries. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for patients who presented stroke after carotid paraganglioma resection. METHODS Clinical characteristics and demographics of patients who presented transoperatively and postoperatively stroke from the CAPACITY database were retrospectively gathered. Regression analysis was performed using single logistic regression with Omnibus' test for possible factors that might contribute to present stroke. RESULTS Out of 1,432 patients, 8 (0.5%) female patients presented stroke. Median age was 53 years (range: 41-70 years). Six strokes occurred transoperatively, diagnosed clinically in the immediate postoperative period. Of them, none of the patients received any further treatment. Three of them died on postoperative day 2, 3, and 4. Two patients developed stroke during the first 24 postoperative hours, patients showed dysarthria, and aphasia. One of them was reintervened with thrombectomy due to thrombosis of the common carotid artery the other patient was treated conservatively. Median follow-up was 16 months (range: 2-72 months). Single logistic regression analysis revealed a history of diabetes mellitus (odds ratio (OR) 7.62), carotid artery disease (OR 17.51), and vascular lesion (OR 2.37) to have significantly increased odds of stroke during CBT surgery. CONCLUSIONS In the present study history of diabetes mellitus, carotid artery disease, and vascular lesion had increased odds of stroke during CBT surgery. Findings are limited by low event rate and even larger cohorts are needed to fully define preventive preoperative strategies for preventing stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea Becerril-Gaitan
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Mirna González-González
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Mario Alejandro Fabiani
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
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Yang L, Li W, Zhang H, Yu L, Zheng M. Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with carotid body tumor with cervical lymph node metastasis: A retrospective study of 10 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30379. [PMID: 36086729 PMCID: PMC10980477 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid body tumor (CBT), also known as carotid body chemoreceptor tumor or nonchromaffin paraganglioma, originates from the chemoreceptor behind the common carotid artery bifurcation in the carotid sheath. Most CBTs are benign. Malignant CBT (MCBT) is extremely rare, and cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) is usually regarded as a manifestation of malignant behavior. The association between CLNM, pathological features of the primary lesion, clinical manifestations, and prognosis deserves further investigation. The clinical materials of 133 patients with CBT who underwent total resection of the primary tumor and concomitant selective neck dissection (SND) from February 2002 to June 2018 in a single center were reviewed. Postoperative histopathology confirmed CLNM in 10 cases (10/133); clinical manifestations, pathological and imaging characteristics, and treatment outcome data were reviewed and analyzed. The average patient age was 50.5 years, with a female sex tendency (7/10). The mean and median follow-up periods of all cases were 6.9 years and 7 years, respectively. Nine patients (9/10) survived; one patient died of multiple systemic metastases 10 months after surgery when the tumor metastasized to the bilateral breast and other organs in an orderly manner. None of the patients had local recurrence, but postoperative residual lesions were detected by computer-aided 3-dimensional (3D) visualization computerized tomography in one (1/10). Most CBT cases with CLNM displayed adverse features, especially in patients without distant metastases. Immunohistochemically, the patient with distant metastases was negative for S-100, synaptophysin (Syn), and succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB) expression. Most patients with CBT with CLNM have a good prognosis. Breast metastasis is an exceedingly rare manifestation of MCBT. Despite some association between clinical biological and histological malignancies in CBT with CLNM, the association seems to be vague in cases involving distant metastasis. The combination of certain immunohistochemical indicators (S-100, Syn, and SDHB) might be valuable for predicting the occurrence of distant metastasis. Computer-aided 3D visualization technology might be helpful for the diagnosis and postoperative follow-up of MCBT. Simultaneous SND can remove potentially metastatic lymph nodes and facilitate diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijun Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Yazman S, Karaagac E, Iner H, Yesilkaya NK, Eygi B, Yakut N, Yurekli I, Gurbuz A. Impact of Preoperative Embolization on Carotid Body Tumor Surgery. Ann Vasc Surg 2022; 84:155-162. [PMID: 35247534 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, investigation of the effect of preoperative carotid body tumor embolization (CBTE) on the amount of bleeding, vascular and neurological complications in carotid body tumors was aimed. METHODS 50 patients treated for 51 carotid body tumors in 2 clinics, between 2005 and 2020 were evaluated. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) embolization of the carotid body tumor was performed in 23 patients before the surgical excision. The results were compared with the remaining 28 patients, whom CBTE was not performed, in terms of neurological complications, requirement of additional vascular interventions, bleeding amount, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS Mean bleeding amount was significantly lower in CBTE group (406ml-217ml p<0.05). Median erythrocyte suspension (ES) transfusion was significantly lower in the CBTE group (0.3 units vs. 1.1 units, p<0.05). Neurological deficits developed in a total of 13 patients, 6 of whom were in the CBTE group and 7 in the non-CBTE group, in the early postoperative period (p=0.90). No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of additional vascular interventions and length of hospital stay (p=0.79 and p=0.61). CONCLUSIONS Carotid body tumors are rarely encountered tumors. However, their surgical excision is challenging for surgeons regarding intraoperative and postoperative bleeding. This study demonstrates that preoperative CBTE significantly reduces the amount of bleeding, especially in Shamblin II/III tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Yazman
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Erturk Karaagac
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mus State Hospital, Mus, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Iner
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nihan Karakas Yesilkaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bortecin Eygi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Necmettin Yakut
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, AKUT Heart Vascular Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ismail Yurekli
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Gurbuz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Borghese O, Ferrer C, Pisani A, Camaioni A, Giudice R. Shamblin III Chemodectoma: The vascular surgeon's point of view. JOURNAL DE MEDECINE VASCULAIRE 2021; 46:209-214. [PMID: 34862014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmv.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemodectomas (CBTs) are the most frequently encountered tumours at the carotid bifurcation. Even if rare and commonly benign, their development close to the head and neck structures is often source of morbidity by compression and infiltration. Therefore, in order to avoid permanent neurologic or vascular complications these infrequent lesions need to be early removed. The total excision may be technically challenging and requires extensive expertise in surgical neck anatomy and a cooperative multidisciplinary approach. Almost a quarter of CBTs infiltrate carotid vessels so vascular expertise is pivotal in their resection. The present study aims to give an overview of vascular specificity and procedures required during surgical excision of such tumors to assist and guide treating physicians who encounter CBTs. This overview will particularly emphasize current therapeutic options: we discuss the referral criteria that should guide the decision about what type of preoperative care and surgical procedure should be offered to the affected patients. We also specify the epidemiologic data, screening recommendations and outcomes achieved with the different therapeutic approaches. The clinical, operative and follow-up data about a case of a Shamblin III carotid body tumour surgically removed by a multidisciplinary team at our Institution are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Borghese
- Departement of Surgery Pietro Valdoni, University Sapienza, Viale del Policlinico, 00100 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ciro Ferrer
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, San Giovanni-Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Pisani
- Departement of Cardiac Surgery, Pineta Grande Hospital, Castel Volturno, Italy
| | - Angelo Camaioni
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, San Giovanni-Addolorata Hospital, Rome (RM), Italy
| | - Rocco Giudice
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, San Giovanni-Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy
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GÜRBÜZ MK, PINARBAŞLI MÖ, KAYA E. Clinical Experience in Carotid Body Tumors:imaging techniques and surgical approaches. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.748566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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7
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Carotid Paraganglioma in Adolescence-Clinical Picture-Surgical Technique and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Vasc Med 2019; 2019:6182783. [PMID: 30963018 PMCID: PMC6431431 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6182783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraganglia are clusters of cells originating from the neural crest with histological and cytochemical characteristics of neuroendocrine cells. Paragangliomas of the head and neck represent less than 0.5% of all head and neck tumors and they usually occur between the ages of 40 and 50. Paragangliomas in childhood and in adolescence are extremely rare; only 23 case reports have been reported in the recent literature. In childhood, the estimation of malignant potential is 3–10%; therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of carotid body paragangliomas are mandatory. However, due to the rarity of these lesions in young patients, they are often not included in the differential diagnosis of solid masses in the neck area, a fact that may lead to misdiagnosis or delay in treatment. We present, herein, two extremely rare cases of patients in adolescence who were diagnosed with a carotid body paraganglioma and were treated surgically in our unit. One of the patients was diagnosed and treated at the age of 15 years while the other had a long-standing tumor in the neck that was followed up by a general surgery outpatient service as a branchial cleft cyst at the age of 15 years and was eventually treated surgically 8 years later. Carotid body tumor was not considered in the initial differential diagnosis because of its rarity at this age range.
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8
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Hinojosa CA, Anaya-Ayala JE, Olivares-Cruz S, Laparra-Escareno H, Trolle-Silva A, Angeles-Angeles A. Malignant Shamblin III Carotid Body Tumors Resected with Use of the Retrocarotid Dissection Technique in 2 Patients. Tex Heart Inst J 2018; 45:92-95. [PMID: 29844741 DOI: 10.14503/thij-16-6142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Carotid body tumors are rare neoplasms with malignant potential in 6% to 12.5% of cases, and surgical resection is the only cure. We present the cases of 2 female patients who had expanding, painless, right-sided neck masses; computed tomographic angiograms revealed Shamblin III tumors at the carotid bifurcation. Each patient underwent tumor resection with use of the retrocarotid dissection technique. The tumor specimens were histologically consistent with malignancy, and free margins were achieved. The patients remained free of symptoms, local recurrence, and metastasis 44 and 19 months after their respective procedures. These are the first malignant Shamblin III carotid body tumors that we have resected by means of retrocarotid dissection. In addition to our patients' cases, we discuss carotid body tumors and compare the retrocarotid and standard caudocranial resection techniques.
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Kakkos SK, Zampakis P, Lampropoulos GC, Paridis L, Kaplanis C, Bantouna D, Nikolakopoulos KM, Papageorgopoulou CP, Kalogeropoulou C, Tsolakis IA. Successful Resection of a Large Carotid Body Tumor Masquerading Complete Encasement of the Internal Carotid Artery on Preoperative Imaging. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2018; 52:304-308. [PMID: 29495959 DOI: 10.1177/1538574418761722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 41-year-old woman presented with a large painful and tender mass of the left side of her neck located just below the angle of the mandible. She was also complaining of frequent attacks of symptoms ranging from dizziness upon resuming the erect position to frank syncope. Color-coded duplex showed a large well-vascularized vascular mass at the level of the carotid bifurcation, suggesting the diagnosis of a carotid body tumor (CBT). A computerized tomographic angiography confirmed the diagnosis of a CBT, which measured 5.7 cm in its craniocaudal axis. The tumor appeared to encase the internal carotid artery (ICA) at the level of its origin, indicating the presence of a Shamblin group 3 tumor. During surgery, the CBT seemingly encased the ICA; however, it was successfully taken off the ICA, by establishing an adventitial dissection place, obviating the need for arterial resection and replacement. A brief intraoperative episode of cardiac arrest was successfully managed. Postoperative course was uneventful, and all symptoms were cured. Pathology confirmed the clinical diagnosis and did not show malignancy. In conclusion, meticulous surgical techniques can spare the ICA from removal or inadvertent injury during CBT surgery and reduce the morbidity often associated with the resection of large or advanced tumors but also cure atypical patient symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros K Kakkos
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Peter Zampakis
- 2 Clinical Laboratory of Radiology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - George C Lampropoulos
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Leonidas Paridis
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Charalampos Kaplanis
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitra Bantouna
- 4 Clinical Laboratory of Pathology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Ioannis A Tsolakis
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
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Munakomi S, Chaudhary S, Cherian I. Case Report: Managing a giant, high-grade carotid body tumor in a resource-limited setting. F1000Res 2017; 6:1801. [PMID: 29259765 PMCID: PMC5717474 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12726.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the management of a giant, high-grade and vascular carotid body tumor in a young woman. She presented with slowly progressive neck swelling. Vascular imaging revealed a left-sided, high-grade giant carotid body tumor (> 8cm). The tumor was completely excised by caudocranial subadventitial dissection. Histology of the tumor revealed a characteristic Zellballen pattern of the lesion, suggestive of a paraganglioma. The patient made an uneventful recovery. We also discuss newer insights regarding the management of such highly vascular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Munakomi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nobel Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Samrita Chaudhary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nobel Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Iype Cherian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nobel Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
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11
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Paragangliomas of head and neck – A surgical challenge. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:127-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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12
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Deb S, Iseli TA, Wong T, Phal PM. Imaging characteristics of nodal metastases in paraganglioma, ameloblastoma and olfactory neuroblastoma: case reports and literature review. BJR Case Rep 2016; 2:20150096. [PMID: 30459963 PMCID: PMC6243361 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20150096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraganglioma, ameloblastoma and olfactory neuroblastoma are uncommon primary head and neck tumours. When nodal metastases from these tumours occur, they may present later than and with different imaging characteristics compared with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), demonstrating appearances similar to the primary tumour type rather than features typical of metastatic nodal SCC. We present three cases in which imaging characteristics of nodal metastases in paraganglioma, ameloblastoma and olfactory neuroblastoma mimicked the primary tumour and discuss their implications for clinicoradiological follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Deb
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim Anton Iseli
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy Wong
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pramit M Phal
- Department of Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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13
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Hinojosa CA, Ortiz-Lopez LJ, Anaya-Ayala JE, Orozco-Sevilla V, Nunez-Salgado AE. Comparison of retrocarotid and caudocranial dissection techniques for the surgical treatment of carotid body tumors. J Vasc Surg 2015; 62:958-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Nicholas RS, Quddus A, Topham C, Baker D. Resection of a large carotid paraganglioma in Carney-Stratakis syndrome: a multidisciplinary feat. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2014-208271. [PMID: 25883251 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-208271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 39-year-old man was referred to the vascular surgeons with a right-sided cervical mass, palpitations, headaches and sweating. He had presented with abdominal discomfort 12 months earlier. Investigations had revealed a gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) and left adrenalectomy. CT of the neck with contrast demonstrated a large right carotid paraganglioma, extending superiorly from below the carotid bifurcation to encase the internal carotid artery. Genetic screening confirmed the diagnosis of Carney-Stratakis syndrome, an SDH-D germline mutation leading to GIST and multifocal paragangliomas. Successful surgical excision required considerable multidisciplinary teamwork between neuroendocrinologists, anaesthetists and surgeons. The tumour was highly vascular and involved the right carotid body, hypoglossal and vagus nerves. Access was challenging and maxillofacial surgical expertise were required for division of the mandible. The patient made a good recovery following speech and swallowing rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayyaz Quddus
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Daryll Baker
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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15
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Gad A, Sayed A, Elwan H, Fouad FMS, Kamal Eldin H, Khairy H, Elhindawy K, Taha A, Hefnawy E. Carotid body tumors: a review of 25 years experience in diagnosis and management of 56 tumors. Ann Vasc Dis 2014; 7:292-9. [PMID: 25298832 DOI: 10.3400/avd.oa.13-00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report our experience in the management of CBTs and review the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS 56 CBTs were operated upon over a period of 25 years. Surgical intervention was planned according to the Shamblin classification. Thirty-nine of the tumors were in males (69.64%), and 17 of the tumors were in females (30.36%). The average age was 42 (ages ranging between 32 and 47). Twenty-two tumors were diagnosed and treated with Shamblin type I, twenty-eight with type II and eight tumors with type III. All patients were unilateral except two had bilateral carotid tumors. Thirty-five lumps were de novo (group A), while 21 lumps were treated after a prior trial of removal (group B). RESULTS The incidence of carotid reconstruction was lower among group A (1/35) compared to group B (9/21). Complications were less in group A than group B (23% vs. 30%). There were 4 cases with suspected malignancy and no recurrences during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION There is an increased incidence of major vascular reconstruction in cases not properly investigated or diagnosed and in cases with prior attempts of removal in Primary Hospitals. Proper diagnosis of suspicious lumps is mandatory. Resection of CBTs by surgeons with experience in vascular reconstruction is recommended. Vascular reconstructions have to be performed safely without serious complications. Also today, prior attempts of removal are not so common, with preoperative evaluation using the latest diagnostic tools. Cranial nerves injury (especially the Hypoglossal Nv) continues to be the most common complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Gad
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sayed
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussein Elwan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fouad M S Fouad
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hussein Khairy
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Taha
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engie Hefnawy
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Smeds M, Jacobs D. Symptomatic carotid stenosis in the setting of bilateral disease and coexisting carotid body tumor: management with a carotid stent and staged excision. Vascular 2013; 21:396–9. [DOI: 10.1177/1708538112472286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to describe the management of a patient with bilateral carotid artery stenosis, symptomatic on the left, with coexisting left carotid body tumor with left carotid stenting followed by right carotid endarterectomy and excision of carotid body tumor. A 60-year-old man with significant bilateral carotid stenosis was referred to us with symptomatic left carotid disease and concomitant left carotid body tumor. A Precise nitinol carotid stent (Cordis Endovascular, Miami Lakes, FL, USA) was placed in his left carotid artery followed by interval carotid endarterectomy on the right. Excision of the carotid body tumor was then performed. Carotid stenting is a treatment option in patients with carotid stenosis and coexisting carotid body tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first reported carotid stent for symptomatic carotid stenosis in a patient with a concomitant carotid body tumor.
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Paraganglioma of the Carotid Body: Treatment Strategy and SDH-gene Mutations. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2013; 45:431-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Joshi M, Lattimer CR, Shah B, Geroulakos G. The known unknowns of perioperative stroke during carotid body tumour resection. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2012-006416. [PMID: 23505077 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-006416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid body tumour (CBT) surgery has a risk of stroke. A 57-year-old lady presented with lethargy and generalised limb pain secondary to a right parathyroid adenoma. CT scan demonstrated as an incidental finding of a left CBT. Intraoperatively the CBT was infiltrating the vessel wall. The carotid bifurcation was resected and reconstructed using a reversed saphenous vein graft. Postoperatively the patient developed right arm weakness. A CT scan showed a left hemispheric watershed infarct. On discharge (day 8 postoperatively) she had no functional deficit. Reconstruction of the internal carotid artery in patients with CBT is associated with an increased risk of stroke. This index case and literature research highlight the knowns and unknowns on stroke associated with CBT resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Joshi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Josef Pflug Laboratory, Berkshire, UK.
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Carotid body tumor presenting with carotid sinus syndrome. J Vasc Surg 2010; 52:1668-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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