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He C, Ye P, Zhang X, Esmaeili E, Li Y, Lü P, Cai C. The Role of TGF-β Signaling in Saphenous Vein Graft Failure after Peripheral Arterial Disease Bypass Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10381. [PMID: 37373529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Saphenous vein bypass grafting is an effective technique used to treat peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, restenosis is the major clinical challenge for the graft vessel among people with PAD postoperation. We hypothesize that there is a common culprit behind arterial occlusion and graft restenosis. To investigate this hypothesis, we found TGF-β, a gene specifically upregulated in PAD arteries, by bioinformatics analysis. TGF-β has a wide range of biological activities and plays an important role in vascular remodeling. We discuss the molecular pathway of TGF-β and elucidate its mechanism in vascular remodeling and intimal hyperplasia, including EMT, extracellular matrix deposition, and fibrosis, which are the important pathways contributing to stenosis. Additionally, we present a case report of a patient with graft restenosis linked to the TGF-β pathway. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of targeting the TGF-β pathway in the clinic to improve the long-term patency of vein grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhuai He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Pin Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xuecheng Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Elham Esmaeili
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ping Lü
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chuanqi Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Yang X, Li Z, Zhang Y, Bu K, Tian J, Cui J, Qin J, Zhao R, Liu S, Tan G, Liu X. Human urinary kininogenase reduces the endothelial injury by inhibiting Pyk2/MCU pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112165. [PMID: 34543986 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The injury of endothelial cells is one of the initiating factors in restenosis after endovascular treatment. Human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) is a tissue kallikrein which is used for ischemia-reperfusion injury treatment. Studies have shown that HUK may be a potential therapeutic agent to prevent stenosis after vascular injury, however, the precise mechanisms have not been fully established. This study is to investigate whether HUK can protect endothelial cells after balloon injury or H2O2-induced endothelial cell damage through the proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2)/mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) pathway. Intimal hyperplasia, a decrease of pinocytotic vesicles and cell apoptosis were found in the common carotid artery balloon injury and H2O2-induced endothelial cell damage, Pyk2/MCU was also up-regulated in such pathological process. HUK could prevent these injuries partially via the bradykinin B2 receptor by inhibiting Pyk2/MCU pathway, which prevented the mitochondrial damage, maintained calcium balance, and eventually inhibited cell apoptosis. Furthermore, MCU expression was not markedly increased if Pyk2 was suppressed by shRNA technique in the H2O2 treatment group, and cell viability was significantly better than H2O2-treated only. In short, our results indicate that the Pyk2/MCU pathway is involved in endothelial injury induced by balloon injury or H2O2-induced endothelial cell damage. HUK plays an protective role by inhibiting the Pyk2/MCU pathway in the endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, 81 Congtai Road, Handan, Hebei 056002, China
| | - Zhongzhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Yingzhen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Kailin Bu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Junzhao Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Jin Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Ruijie Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; Department of Neurology, Xingtai People's Hospital, 16 Hongxing Street, Xingtai, Hebei 054031, China
| | - Shuxia Liu
- Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Guojun Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Medicine and Health Institute, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
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Che F, Du H, Wei J, Zhang W, Cheng Z, Tong Y. MicroRNA-323 suppresses nerve cell toxicity in cerebral infarction via the transforming growth factor-β1/SMAD3 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:993-1002. [PMID: 30535466 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the aim was to investigate the function of microRNA‑323 (miR‑323) in cerebral infarction and its underlying mechanism. A rat model of cerebral infarction was established and hippocampal tissues were analyzed. In addition, to further understand the role of miR‑323, PC12 cells were transfected with miR‑323 mimics or inhibitors and subjected to hypoxia to model cerebral infarction. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of miR‑323. A luciferase reporter assay was conducted to analyze miR‑323 target sites the partial sequence of the 3'‑untranslated region of SMAD3 mRNA in vitro. Western blot analysis was also used to analyze transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) and SMAD3 protein expression levels. It was observed that miR‑323 expression was significantly upregulated in rats with cerebral infarction compared with rats in the sham‑control group. In addition, overexpression of miR‑323 induced nerve cell toxicity and reduced nerve cell growth in an in vitro model of cerebral infarction, whereas downregulation of miR‑323 caused the opposite effects on nerve cell toxicity and growth in this model. In addition, overexpression of miR‑323 directly targeted and suppressed SMAD3 expression in the in vitro model of cerebral infarction, while inhibition of miR‑323 induced SMAD3 expression. The use of a SMAD3 inhibitor suppressed the effect of anti‑miR‑323 on nerve cell toxicity in the in vitro model of cerebral infarction. Collectively, these findings suggested that miR‑323 suppresses nerve cell apoptosis in cerebral infarction via the TGF‑β1/SMAD3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Che
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 101145, P.R. China
| | - Huishan Du
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 101145, P.R. China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 101145, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 101145, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 101145, P.R. China
| | - Yanna Tong
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 101145, P.R. China
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Wei Z, Lyu Y, Yang X, Chen X, Zhong P, Wu D. Therapeutic Values of Human Urinary Kallidinogenase on Cerebrovascular Diseases. Front Neurol 2018; 9:403. [PMID: 29922218 PMCID: PMC5996104 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The term “tissue kallikrein” is used to describe a group of serine proteases shared considerable sequence homology and colocalize in the same chromosomal locus 19q13. 2–q13.4. It has been widely discovered in various tissues and has been proved to be involved in kinds of pathophysiological processes, such as inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis and promoting angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. Human Urinary Kallidinogenase (HUK) extracted from human urine is a member of tissue kallikrein which could convert kininogen to kinin and hence improve the plasma kinin level. Medical value of HUK has been widely investigated in China, especially on acute ischemic stroke. In this review, we will summarize the therapeutic values of Human Urinary Kallidinogenase on acute ischemic stroke and its potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wei
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lyu
- Department of Medical Affairs, Techpool Bio-Pharma Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - XiaoLi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai TCM Integrated Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Liao M, Yang P, Wang F, Berceli SA, Ali YH, Chan KL, Jiang Z. Smooth muscle cell-specific Tgfbr1 deficiency attenuates neointimal hyperplasia but promotes an undesired vascular phenotype for injured arteries. Physiol Rep 2018; 4:4/23/e13056. [PMID: 27923978 PMCID: PMC5357823 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) and inward wall remodeling cause arterial restenosis and failure of bypass vein grafts. Previous studies from our group suggest that transforming growth factor (TGF) β promotes these pathologies via regulating cell kinetics at the early stage and matrix metabolism at the late stage. Although these temporal TGFβ effects may result from its signaling in different cell groups, the responsible cell type has not been identified. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of smooth muscle cell (SMC)‐specific TGFβ signaling through its type I receptor TGFBR1 on NIH and wall remodeling of the injured femoral arteries (FAs). An inducible Cre/loxP system was employed to delete SMC Tgfbr1 (Tgfbr1iko). Mice not carrying the Cre allele (Tgfbr1f/f) served as controls. The injured FAs were evaluated on d3, d7, and d28 postoperatively. Tgfbr1iko attenuated NIH by 92%, but had insignificant influence on arterial caliber when compared with Tgfbr1f/f controls on d28. This attenuation correlated with greater cellularity and reduced collagen content. Compared with Tgfbr1f/fFAs, however, Tgfbr1ikoFAs exhibited persistent neointimal cell proliferation and cell apoptosis, with both events at a greater rate on d28. Tgfbr1ikoFAs additionally contained fewer SMCs and more inflammatory infiltrates in the neointima and displayed a thicker adventitia than did Tgfbr1f/fFAs. More MMP9 proteins were detected in the adventitia of Tgfbr1ikoFAs than in that of Tgfbr1f/f controls. Our results suggest that disruption of SMC Tgfbr1 inhibits arterial NIH in the short term, but the overall vascular phenotype may not favor long‐term performance of the injured arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmei Liao
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Surgery, Central South University Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pu Yang
- Department of Surgery, Central South University Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Scott A Berceli
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.,Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yasmin H Ali
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kelvin L Chan
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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Chen HJ, Mo N, Zhang YF, Su GZ, Wu HD, Pei F. Role of Gene Polymorphisms/Haplotypes and Plasma Level of TGF-β1 in Susceptibility to In-Stent Restenosis Following Coronary Implantation of Bare Metal Stent in Chinese Han Patients. Int Heart J 2018; 59:161-169. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.17-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ni Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Gaozhou People's Hospital
| | | | - Guo-Zhu Su
- Department of Cardiology, Gaozhou People's Hospital
| | - Han-Dong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Fang Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Municipal Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces
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Yiqihuoxuejiedu Formula Restrains Vascular Remodeling by Reducing the Inflammation Reaction and Cx43 Expression in the Adventitia after Balloon Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:904273. [PMID: 26557868 PMCID: PMC4629035 DOI: 10.1155/2015/904273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is closely related to hypertension, atherosclerosis, and restenosis after PCI. Considerable evidence indicates that the activation and proliferation of adventitial fibroblasts play key roles in vessel injury. The inflammatory response and high expression of connexins contribute to adventitial remodeling. Therefore, reducing inflammation reaction and connexins expression in adventitia may become a new target to prevent vascular remodeling. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula, composed of TCM therapeutic principle of supplementing qi, activating blood and detoxification, can inhibit restenosis after intimal injury. To further investigate the effect of Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula on inflammation and connexins, we established a carotid artery injury model. In model rats, hyperplasia in the intima was mild but obvious in the adventitia; CRP heightened; expressions of MCP-1, CD68, and Cx43 increased. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula relieved intimal hyperplasia and adventitial area, obviously diminished the expressions of CD68 and Cx43 in the adventitia, and reduced CRP but did not lower MCP-1. These results indicated that Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula inhibited vascular remodeling especially adventitial hyperplasia by reducing the inflammation reaction including lowering macrophages infiltration and systemic nonspecific inflammatory response and also restraining gap junction connexins leading to less communication among cells. This study provides new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of vascular remodeling.
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