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Su E, Zhao L, Yang X, Zhu B, Liu Y, Zhao W, Wang X, Qi D, Zhu L, Gao C. Aggravated endothelial endocrine dysfunction and intimal thickening of renal artery in high-fat diet-induced obese pigs following renal denervation. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:176. [PMID: 32295540 PMCID: PMC7161153 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal denervation (RDN) targeting the sympathetic nerves in the renal arterial adventitia as a treatment of resistant hypertension can cause endothelial injury and vascular wall injury. This study aims to evaluate the risk of atherosclerosis induced by RDN in renal arteries. Methods A total of 15 minipigs were randomly assigned to 3 groups: (1) control group, (2) sham group, and (3) RDN group (n = 5 per group). All pigs were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 months after appropriate treatment. The degree of intimal thickening of renal artery and the conversion of endothelin 1 (ET-1) receptors were evaluated by histological staining. Western blot was used to assess the expression of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis signaling pathway, ET-1 and its receptors, NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) proteins, and the activation of NF-kappa B (NF-κB). Results The histological staining results suggested that compared to the sham treatment, RDN led to significant intimal thickening and significantly promoted the production of endothelin B receptor (ETBR) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Western blotting analysis indicated that RDN significantly suppressed the expression of AMPK/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway proteins, and decreased the production of NO, and increased the expression of endothelin system proteins including endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin converting enzyme 1 (ECE1), endothelin A receptor (ETAR) and ETBR; and upregulated the expression of NOX2 and 4-HNE proteins and enhanced the activation of NF-kappa B (NF-κB) when compared with the sham treatment (all p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the control and sham groups (all p > 0.05). Conclusions RDN aggravated endothelial endocrine dysfunction and intimal thickening, and increased the risk of atherosclerosis in renal arteries of HFD-fed pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyong Su
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Huazhong Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, 451464, Henan, China
| | - Linwei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Huazhong Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, 451464, Henan, China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Binbin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Huazhong Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, 451464, Henan, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Huazhong Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, 451464, Henan, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xianpei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Huazhong Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, 451464, Henan, China
| | - Datun Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Huazhong Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, 451464, Henan, China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Huazhong Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, 451464, Henan, China
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Huazhong Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, 451464, Henan, China.
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Helkin A, Bruch D, Wilson DR, Gruessner AC, Bader RR, Maier KG, Gahtan V. Intraluminal Delivery of Simvastatin Attenuates Intimal Hyperplasia After Arterial Injury. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2019; 53:379-386. [PMID: 30982448 DOI: 10.1177/1538574419833224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral statins reduce intimal hyperplasia (IH) after arterial injury by only ∼25%. Alternative drug delivery systems have gained attention as carriers for hydrophobic drugs. We studied the effects of simvastatin (free vs hyaluronic acid-tagged polysialic acid-polycaprolactone micelles) on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration, VSMC proliferation and intimal hyperplasia. We hypothesized both free and micelle containing simvastatin would inhibit VSMC chemotaxis and proliferation, and local statin treatment would be more effective than oral in reducing IH in rats following carotid balloon injury. METHODS VSMCs pretreated with free simvastatin (20 minutes or 20 hours) or simvastatin-loaded micelles underwent chemotaxis and proliferation to platelet-derived growth factor. Next, rats that underwent balloon injury of the common carotid artery received statin therapy-intraluminal simvastatin-loaded micelles prior to injury, periadventitial pluronic gel following injury, or combinations of gel, micelle, and oral simvastatin. After 14 days, morphometric analysis determined the -intimal to medial ratio. Findings were compared to controls receiving oral simvastatin or no statin therapy. Statistical analysis was by analysis of variance for the in vitro experiments and a factorial general linear model for the in vivo experiments. RESULTS The simvastatin-loaded micelles and free simvastatin inhibited VSMC chemotaxis (54%-60%). IH was induced in all injured vessels. Simvastatin in pluronic gel or micelles reduced IH compared to untreated controls (0.208 ± 0.04 or 0.160 ± 0.03 vs 0.350 ± 0.03, respectively); however, neither gel nor simvastatin-loaded micelles were superior to oral statins (0.261 ± 0.03). Addition of oral statins or combining both local therapies did not provide additional benefit. Micelles were the single greatest contributing factor in IH attenuation. CONCLUSIONS Intraluminally or topically delivered statins reduced IH. The efficacy of single-dose, locally delivered statin alone may lead to novel treatments to prevent IH. The different routes of administration may allow for treatment during endovascular procedures, without the need for systemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Helkin
- 1 Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA .,2 Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - David Bruch
- 1 Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA .,2 Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - David R Wilson
- 3 Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Rebecca R Bader
- 3 Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Kristopher G Maier
- 1 Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA .,2 Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Vivian Gahtan
- 1 Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA .,2 Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,3 Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Zhang L, Zeng Y, Qi J, Xu Y, Zhang S, Zhou X, Ping R, Fu S. A cynomolgus monkey model of carotid atherosclerosis induced by puncturing and scratching of the carotid artery combined with a high-fat diet. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:113-120. [PMID: 29977359 PMCID: PMC6030911 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardio-cerebrovascular disease is one of the three major causes of mortality in humans and constitutes a major socioeconomic burden. Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is a very common lesion of the arterial walls, which leads to narrowing of the arteries, in some cases occluding them entirely, increasing the risk of cardiovascular events. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a cynomolgus monkey model of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) induced by puncturing and scratching combined with a high-fat diet. A total of 12 cynomolgus monkeys were randomly divided into four groups: A, puncturing and scratching carotid artery intimas + high-fat diet (n=3); B, puncturing and scratching carotid artery intimas + regular diet (n=3); C, high-fat diet only (n=3); and D, regular diet only (n=3). Blood was harvested at weeks 4, 6 and 8 and plasma lipid levels were assessed. At week 8, monkeys were sacrificed and carotid arteries were harvested for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to observe pathological changes. The results revealed that a high-fat diet led to increased plasma lipid levels and accelerated plaque formation. Carotid color Doppler ultrasonography was performed and, along with H&E staining, revealed plaque formation in group A. In summary, the results of the present study suggest that a cynomolgus monkey model of CAS model may be successfully constructed by puncturing and scratching of the carotid artery intimas in combination with a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Orthopedics Department, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646600, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Orthopedics Department, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646600, P.R. China
| | - Ji Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yanxiao Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shaoqun Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ruiyue Ping
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510403, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Fu
- Orthopedics Department, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646600, P.R. China
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