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Alanezi T, Bin Onayq AI, Al-Omran M. Pediatric carotid body tumors: A case report and systematic review. J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech 2024; 10:101584. [PMID: 39282210 PMCID: PMC11402295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2024.101584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Carotid body tumors (CBTs), or chemodectomas, are rare, especially in the pediatric population. They often present with minimal symptoms, making timely diagnosis challenging. This case report and systematic review highlights a distinctive presentation and summarize the current evidence on pediatric CBTs. We report a case of a 13-year-old girl presenting with neck pain and a left-sided neck mass. After extensive evaluation, a Shamblin type III tumor was identified and removed surgically. Postoperatively, the patient experienced transient hypertension and significant dysphagia, both of which resolved within a few weeks with no permanent sequelae. Histology confirmed a benign paraganglioma. A systematic literature review of PubMed identified 29 cases from 23 published studies spanning from 1968 to 2024. The average age at diagnosis was 12.6 ± 3.6 years. The most common symptom was a neck mass or swelling, reported in 75% of cases (n = 21). Tumor sizes ranged from 1.3 to 8.0 cm, with Shamblin III being the most frequent classification. Gross total resection (n = 25 [89.3%]) alone or in combination with preoperative embolization (n = 10 [35.7%]) were the most common methods of management. In 62.1% of cases, there were no permanent complication or sequelae. The proximity to vital neurovascular structures and high vascularity in pediatric patients necessitates careful perioperative interdisciplinary management. Owing to their rarity and nonspecific presentation, CBTs often remain undiagnosed for years. They respond well to treatment, but can be fatal if untreated, underscoring the importance of including CBTs in the differential diagnosis of pediatric neck masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Alanezi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Richter S, Pacak K, Kunst HPM, Januszewicz A, Nölting S, Remde H, Robledo M, Eisenhofer G, Timmers HJLM, Pamporaki C. Management and follow-up strategies for patients with head and neck paraganglioma. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 191:389-398. [PMID: 39303070 PMCID: PMC11443905 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Head-neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are rare tumors with approximately half arising due to germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in succinate dehydrogenase genes (SDHx). Patients with HNPGL have heterogeneous propensity to recur and metastasize. Thus, we aim to assess prevalence and predictors of recurrent (RD) and/or metastatic disease in patients with and without SDHx-related HNPGLs. DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study used retrospective data of 214 patients enrolled in six referral centers. Data included sex, age, primary tumor treatment, location, and size, biochemical phenotype, germline PVs, presence of RD (locoregional or new tumor), and/or metastasis. RESULTS Patients with and without SDHx-related HNPGLs showed 74% and 40% prevalence of RD, respectively. Patients without SDHx-related HNPGLs presented with recurrent tumors only in head-neck regions. The only independent predictor for RD in the entire cohort was presence of SDHx PVs. Metastatic prevalence reached 9%-13%. For patients with SDHx-related HNPGLs, large tumor size (>2.3 cm, OR:50.0, CI:2.6-977.6), young age at initial diagnosis (<42years, OR:27.3, CI:1.8-407.2), and presence of SDHB PV (OR:15.6; CI:1.5-164.8) were independent predictors of metastasis. For patients without SDHx-related HNPGLs, only carotid-body location was an independent predictor of metastasis (OR:18.9, CI:2.0-182.5). CONCLUSIONS Patients without SDHx-related HNPGLs require long-term follow-up due to high prevalence of RD with imaging largely restricted to head-neck regions. As carotid-body HNPGLs have the highest metastatic risk among sporadic tumors, radical treatment with frequent follow-up is suggested until population-based data are available. Importantly, patients with SDHx-related HNPGLs might benefit from early radical treatment when tumors are still small to reduce metastatic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Richter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karel Pacak
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, MD, United States
| | - Henricus P M Kunst
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Academic Alliance Skull Base Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrzej Januszewicz
- Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Svenja Nölting
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, Universitätsspital Zürich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Remde
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Henri J L M Timmers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6265 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Pamporaki
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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3
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Koh ES, Dabsha A, Rahouma M, Zappi K, Srinivasan Y, Hickner A, Kutler DI. Succinate dehydrogenase mutations in head and neck paragangliomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patients' data. Head Neck 2024; 46:1795-1808. [PMID: 38273766 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPs) have been associated with gene mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex, but the clinical significance remains unclear. We sought to explore the demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment methods, and outcomes of SDH-mutated HNPs. METHODS Databases were systematically searched. Pooled event ratio and relative 95% confidence intervals were calculated for dichotomous outcomes. Meta-regression was performed. Cochran's Q test and I2 test assessed heterogeneity. Funnel plot and Egger's regression test assessed publication bias. RESULTS Forty-two studies with 8849 patients were included. Meta-regression revealed a significant correlation between multifocality and SDHD mutations (0.03 ± 0.006, p < 0.0001) and between distant metastases and SDHB mutations (0.06 ± 0.023, p = 0.008). There was no correlation between sex, age, tumor size, or familial occurrences and SDH-related mutations. CONCLUSION Multifocality of HNPs correlates with the SDHD mutational subtype, and metastases correlate with the SDHB subtype. Knowledge of HNP phenotypes associated with SDH-related mutations has the potential to influence the management approach to such HNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Koh
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anas Dabsha
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mohamed Rahouma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kyle Zappi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yashes Srinivasan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andy Hickner
- Samuel J. Wood Library, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - David I Kutler
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Yazici G, Kahvecioglu A, Yuce Sari S, Ozyigit G, Yildiz D, Cengiz M. Stereotactic radiotherapy for head and neck paragangliomas: How long should we wait for treatment response? Radiother Oncol 2024; 195:110232. [PMID: 38499272 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) is an effective treatment for head & neck (H&N) paragangliomas. Nevertheless, the timeline for achieving a tumor-volume-reduction (TVR) remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-three cases with H&N paragangliomas received definitive SRT and were evaluated retrospectively. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v23.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistics. RESULTS Sixty-eight lesions were irradiated, with glomus jugulotympanicum being the most common location (44 %). Median tumor diameter and volume were 3 cm (range, 1-7.6 cm) and 15.4 cm3 (range,1-185 cm3), respectively. Median dose was 25 Gy (range, 12-37.5 Gy) in 5 fractions (range, 1-5 fractions). Median follow-up was 40 months (range, 3-184 months). Treatment response, evaluated at a median 4.6 months post-SRT (range: 3-11 months), revealed TVR in 26 cases (41 %). During follow-up, 13 additional cases showed TVR, resulting in an overall TVR rate of 62 %. The median duration for attaining TVR was 9 months (range, 3-36 months) after SRT, and TVR occurred ≥ 12 months in 42 % of cases. Patients without prior surgery (p = 0.03) and with a longer follow-up (p = 0.04) demonstrated a higher rate of TVR. The likelihood of TVR tends to increase as the SRT dose increases (p = 0.06). Overall local control (LC) rate was 100 %. No ≥ grade 3 acute or late toxicities were observed. CONCLUSION While SRT demonstrates an excellent LC rate for H&N paragangliomas, it's important to note that the response to treatment may require time. TVR may last beyond the initial year of treatment in a substantial proportion of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Yazici
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Alper Kahvecioglu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sezin Yuce Sari
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gokhan Ozyigit
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Demet Yildiz
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Cengiz
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
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Guha A, Vicha A, Zelinka T, Kana M, Musil Z, Pacak K, Betka J, Chovanec M, Plzak J, Boucek J. High incidence of occult familial SDHD cases amongst Czech patients with head and neck paragangliomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1278175. [PMID: 38144572 PMCID: PMC10739302 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1278175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors, which are mostly benign in nature. Amongst all genes, Succinate Dehydrogenase Subunit D (SDHD) is the most commonly mutated in familial HNPGLs. In about 30% of HNPGLs, germline mutations in SDHD can also occur in the absence of positive family history, thus giving rise to "occult familial" cases. Our aim was to evaluate the pattern of SDHD germline mutations in Czech patients with HNPGLs. Materials and methods We analyzed a total of 105 patients with HNPGLs from the Otorhinolaryngology departments of 2 tertiary centers between 2006 - 2021. All underwent complex diagnostic work-up and were also consented for genetic analysis. Results Eighty patients aged 13-76 years were included; around 60% with multiple PGLs were males. Carotid body tumor was the most frequently diagnosed tumor. Germline SDHD mutation was found in only 12% of the Czech patients; approximately 78% of those harboring the mutation had negative family history. The mutation traits had higher affiliation for multiple tumors with nearly 70% patients of ≤ 40 years of age. Conclusion An SDHD mutation variant was shared amongst unrelated patients but no founder-effect was established. Our findings confirmed that the pattern of SDHD mutation distribution amongst HNPGLs in Czech Republic differs from most studies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasuya Guha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charles University, 3 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ales Vicha
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, 2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Zelinka
- 3 Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolsim of the 1 Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Kana
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Charles University, 1 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zdenek Musil
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics of the 1 Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section of Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jan Betka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Charles University, 1 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Chovanec
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charles University, 3 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Plzak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Charles University, 1 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Boucek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Charles University, 1 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
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Taïeb D, Wanna GB, Ahmad M, Lussey-Lepoutre C, Perrier ND, Nölting S, Amar L, Timmers HJLM, Schwam ZG, Estrera AL, Lim M, Pollom EL, Vitzthum L, Bourdeau I, Casey RT, Castinetti F, Clifton-Bligh R, Corssmit EPM, de Krijger RR, Del Rivero J, Eisenhofer G, Ghayee HK, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Grossman A, Imperiale A, Jansen JC, Jha A, Kerstens MN, Kunst HPM, Liu JK, Maher ER, Marchioni D, Mercado-Asis LB, Mete O, Naruse M, Nilubol N, Pandit-Taskar N, Sebag F, Tanabe A, Widimsky J, Meuter L, Lenders JWM, Pacak K. Clinical consensus guideline on the management of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma in patients harbouring germline SDHD pathogenic variants. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023; 11:345-361. [PMID: 37011647 PMCID: PMC10182476 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Patients with germline SDHD pathogenic variants (encoding succinate dehydrogenase subunit D; ie, paraganglioma 1 syndrome) are predominantly affected by head and neck paragangliomas, which, in almost 20% of patients, might coexist with paragangliomas arising from other locations (eg, adrenal medulla, para-aortic, cardiac or thoracic, and pelvic). Given the higher risk of tumour multifocality and bilaterality for phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) because of SDHD pathogenic variants than for their sporadic and other genotypic counterparts, the management of patients with SDHD PPGLs is clinically complex in terms of imaging, treatment, and management options. Furthermore, locally aggressive disease can be discovered at a young age or late in the disease course, which presents challenges in balancing surgical intervention with various medical and radiotherapeutic approaches. The axiom-first, do no harm-should always be considered and an initial period of observation (ie, watchful waiting) is often appropriate to characterise tumour behaviour in patients with these pathogenic variants. These patients should be referred to specialised high-volume medical centres. This consensus guideline aims to help physicians with the clinical decision-making process when caring for patients with SDHD PPGLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Taïeb
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, La Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - George B Wanna
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maleeha Ahmad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Charlotte Lussey-Lepoutre
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Nancy D Perrier
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Svenja Nölting
- Svenja Nölting, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Amar
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France; Unité d'hypertension artérielle, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Henri J L M Timmers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Zachary G Schwam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony L Estrera
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, UTHealth Houston, McGovern Medical School, Memorial Hermann Hospital Heart and Vascular Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Erqi Liu Pollom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Lucas Vitzthum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Isabelle Bourdeau
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ruth T Casey
- Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frédéric Castinetti
- Department of Endocrinology, Aix-Marseille University, Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France; INSERM U1251, Aix-Marseille University, Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Roderick Clifton-Bligh
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eleonora P M Corssmit
- Department of Endocrinology, Center of Endocrine Tumors Leiden, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ronald R de Krijger
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jaydira Del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Rare Tumor Initiative, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans K Ghayee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France; Département de Médecine Génomique des Tumeurs et des Cancers, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ashley Grossman
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NET Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alessio Imperiale
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg Europe, IPHC, UMR 7178, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jeroen C Jansen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Abhishek Jha
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michiel N Kerstens
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Henricus P M Kunst
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Dutch Academic Alliance Skull Base Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Dutch Academic Alliance Skull Base Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - James K Liu
- Department of Neurosurgical Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Marchioni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Leilani B Mercado-Asis
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ozgur Mete
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Endocrine Pathology Society, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mitsuhide Naruse
- Medical Center and Endocrine Center, Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naris Nilubol
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neeta Pandit-Taskar
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frédéric Sebag
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Aix-Marseille University, Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Akiyo Tanabe
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiri Widimsky
- Third Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Leah Meuter
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jacques W M Lenders
- Department of Medicine ΙΙI, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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7
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Yang L, Li W, Zhang H, Yu L, Zheng M. Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with carotid body tumor with cervical lymph node metastasis: A retrospective study of 10 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30379. [PMID: 36086729 PMCID: PMC10980477 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid body tumor (CBT), also known as carotid body chemoreceptor tumor or nonchromaffin paraganglioma, originates from the chemoreceptor behind the common carotid artery bifurcation in the carotid sheath. Most CBTs are benign. Malignant CBT (MCBT) is extremely rare, and cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) is usually regarded as a manifestation of malignant behavior. The association between CLNM, pathological features of the primary lesion, clinical manifestations, and prognosis deserves further investigation. The clinical materials of 133 patients with CBT who underwent total resection of the primary tumor and concomitant selective neck dissection (SND) from February 2002 to June 2018 in a single center were reviewed. Postoperative histopathology confirmed CLNM in 10 cases (10/133); clinical manifestations, pathological and imaging characteristics, and treatment outcome data were reviewed and analyzed. The average patient age was 50.5 years, with a female sex tendency (7/10). The mean and median follow-up periods of all cases were 6.9 years and 7 years, respectively. Nine patients (9/10) survived; one patient died of multiple systemic metastases 10 months after surgery when the tumor metastasized to the bilateral breast and other organs in an orderly manner. None of the patients had local recurrence, but postoperative residual lesions were detected by computer-aided 3-dimensional (3D) visualization computerized tomography in one (1/10). Most CBT cases with CLNM displayed adverse features, especially in patients without distant metastases. Immunohistochemically, the patient with distant metastases was negative for S-100, synaptophysin (Syn), and succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB) expression. Most patients with CBT with CLNM have a good prognosis. Breast metastasis is an exceedingly rare manifestation of MCBT. Despite some association between clinical biological and histological malignancies in CBT with CLNM, the association seems to be vague in cases involving distant metastasis. The combination of certain immunohistochemical indicators (S-100, Syn, and SDHB) might be valuable for predicting the occurrence of distant metastasis. Computer-aided 3D visualization technology might be helpful for the diagnosis and postoperative follow-up of MCBT. Simultaneous SND can remove potentially metastatic lymph nodes and facilitate diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijun Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
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Sclerosing Paragangliomas: Correlations of Histological Features with Patients' Genotype and Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Expression. Head Neck Pathol 2022; 16:998-1011. [PMID: 35524772 PMCID: PMC9729524 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors, carrying a germ-line mutation in 40% patients. Sclerosis is a rare histological feature in these tumors. We investigated the possible correlations between histological findings, first sclerosis, immunoreactivity for vesicular catecholamine transporters (VMAT1/VMAT2) and patients' genotype in a consecutive series of 57 tumors (30 paragangliomas and 27 pheochromocytomas) from 55 patients. The M-GAPP grading system, sclerosis (0-3 scale) and VMAT1/VMAT2 (0-6 scale) immunoreactivity scores were assessed. Germ-line mutations of Succinate Dehydrogenase genes, RET proto-oncogene and Von Hippel Lindau tumor suppressor gene were searched. A germ-line mutation was found in 25/55 (45.5%) patients, mainly with paraganglioma (N = 14/30, 46,66%). Significant (score ≥ 2) tumor sclerosis was found in 9 (16.1%) tumors, i.e., 7 paragangliomas and 2 pheochromocytomas, most of them (8/9) from patients with a germ-line mutation. M-GAPP score was higher in the mutation status (in 76% of patients involving the SDHx genes, in 12% the RET gene and in the remaining 12% the VHL gene) and in tumors with sclerosis (p < 0.05). Spearman's rank correlation showed a strong correlation of germ-line mutations with M-GAPP (p < 0.0001) and sclerosis (p = 0.0027) scores; a significant correlation was also found between sclerosis and M-GAPP scores (p = 0.029). VMAT1 expression was higher in paragangliomas than in pheochromocytomas (p = 0.0006), the highest scores being more frequent in mutation-bearing patients' tumors (p < 0.01). VMAT2 was highly expressed in all but two negative tumors. Sclerosis and VMAT1 expression were higher in paragangliomas than in pheochromocytomas; tumor sclerosis, M-GAPP and VMAT1 scores were associated to germ-line mutations. Sclerosis might represent a histological marker of tumor susceptibility, prompting to genetic investigations in paragangliomas.
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Ananthapadmanabhan S, Jabbour J, Tseros E, Sivapathasingam V, Smith M, Riffat F, Sritharan N. Operative technique in laryngeal paraganglioma: A case series and literature review. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:467-475. [PMID: 35434328 PMCID: PMC9008153 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusions Level of Evidence Laryngeal paragangliomas are a rare subset of head and neck neoplasms, of neuroendocrine origin. We present a series of four cases of confirmed laryngeal paragangliomas and discuss our operative technique using coblation‐assisted excision via laryngofissure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe Jabbour
- Department of Otolaryngology Nepean Hospital Kingswood New South Wales Australia
| | - Evangelos Tseros
- Department of Otolaryngology Nepean Hospital Kingswood New South Wales Australia
| | | | - Mark Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology Nepean Hospital Kingswood New South Wales Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology Westmead Hospital Westmead New South Wales Australia
| | - Faruque Riffat
- Department of Otolaryngology Nepean Hospital Kingswood New South Wales Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology Westmead Hospital Westmead New South Wales Australia
| | - Niranjan Sritharan
- Department of Otolaryngology Nepean Hospital Kingswood New South Wales Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology Westmead Hospital Westmead New South Wales Australia
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10
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Reply. J Vasc Surg 2021; 75:386-387. [PMID: 34949388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Tang H, Jiang X, Xue S, Fu W, Tang X, Guo D. Long-Term Surgical Outcomes of Carotid Body Tumors With Pathological Fibrosis: A Cohort Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:684600. [PMID: 34350114 PMCID: PMC8327168 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.684600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the surgical outcomes of carotid body tumor (CBT) with or without pathological fibrosis, and evaluate the associated factors of fibrous CBT (FCBT). Materials and Methods Paraffin-embedded tissues of 236 patients with unilateral CBTs at our center were retrospectively reviewed from January 2008 to May 2020. Based on the pathologic features, CBTs were divided into FCBT and conventional CBT (CCBT) groups. The clinical data and surgical outcomes of the two groups were compared. Results Of 236 patients, 53 had FCBT and 183 had CCBT. FCBTs showed higher vascular invasion (24.53%), marked pleomorphism (22.64%), internal carotid artery reconstruction (37.74%), estimated blood loss (559.62 cm3), and postoperative nerve injury (49.06%), with lower 10-year recurrence- (89.2%) and major adverse event-free survival (87.3%) compared to CCBTs. Nerve injury was correlated with the Shamblin grade; major adverse events and nerve injury were both correlated with pathological fibrosis. Conclusion Compared with CCBT, FCBT is prone to increased recurrence, metastasis, major adverse events, and nerve injury risk. Early surgical resection, routine excision of surrounding abnormal lymph nodes, and closer clinical surveillance in FCBT patients are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfei Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolang Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daqiao Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Smith JD, Bellile EL, Else T, Basura G. Head and Neck Paragangliomas: Patterns of Otolaryngology Referrals for Genetic Testing Over 2 Decades. OTO Open 2021; 5:2473974X21995453. [PMID: 33748650 PMCID: PMC7940728 DOI: 10.1177/2473974x21995453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A large proportion of head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) arise in patients with a genetic predisposition due to pathogenic variants in succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx) genes. Contemporary practice guidelines recommend consideration of referral for genetic testing for all patients with HNPGLs. We sought to assess adherence to these recommendations, factors associated with referral, and temporal trends in referral patterns by otolaryngologists over the past 2 decades. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Single tertiary care center. Methods All patients with newly diagnosed HNPGLs treated at a single academic center between 2000 and 2019 were included. Bivariable association of specific features of referral for genetic testing by treating surgeons were tested with χ2 and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Logistic regression was used to assess temporal trends in referral patterns overall and for specific clinical subgroups over time. Results Of 221 patients included, only 77 (34.8%) were referred for genetic testing. Factors associated with referral included young age, family history of paraganglioma, more recent year of diagnosis (ie, closer to study end date), tumor subsite (all P < .0001), and treatment by an otolaryngologist (vs vascular surgeon or neurosurgeon, P = .009). Overall, referral rates increased over time (P = .0002), but even in the most recent 5 years, only 51% of newly diagnosed patients were referred. Conclusion Our analysis suggests that referral rates for genetic testing in patients with HNPGLs are growing yet are still largely based on young age, family history, and tumor subsite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emily L Bellile
- Center for Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tobias Else
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrine, and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gregory Basura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Zhang W, Liu F, Hou K, Shu X, Chen B, Wang L, Guo D, Fu W. Surgical outcomes and factors associated with malignancy in carotid body tumors. J Vasc Surg 2021; 74:586-591. [PMID: 33548423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the surgical outcomes of benign and malignant carotid body tumor (CBT), and to evaluate the associated factors of malignant CBT. METHODS Patients who underwent surgical resection of CBT from 2005 to 2018 in a tertiary center were reviewed retrospectively. The common study follow-up end date was December 31, 2019. The tumor size was measured as the maximum transverse diameter on computed tomography scan. Surgical outcomes of benign and malignant CBT were compared. Associated factors of malignancy were analyzed by multivariate logistic analysis. RESULTS There were 229 patients undergoing CBT resection. Sixteen patients were diagnosed with malignant CBT. The median follow-up time was 66 months (range, 6-142 months). Basic information including age, sex, course of disease, family history, lesion side, tumor size, and Shamblin classification showed no significant differences between the benign and malignant CBT groups. Patients with malignant CBTs showed a higher rate of preoperative symptoms (31.3% vs 12.2%; P < .05). The rates of vascular reconstruction or repair (P < .01) and neurologic complications (P < .05) were significantly higher in the malignant CBT group. In addition, a significantly longer average procedural time was required for malignant CBTs (P < .05). However, the estimated blood loss and length of hospital stay showed no significant difference. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the malignant odds of CBT with bilateral lesions (P = .0042; odds ratio, 8.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.84-35.88) or CBT with preoperative symptoms (P = .0016; odds ratio, 7.59; 95% confidence interval, 2.13-27.89) were high. CONCLUSIONS Compared with benign CBT, malignant CBT is prone to invasive clinical behaviors, resulting in an increased possibility of vascular reconstruction or repair during the surgery as well as postoperative neurologic complications. In addition, the malignant odds of CBT with bilateral lesions or CBT with preoperative symptoms are high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Surgery Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Surgery Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Hou
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Shu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Surgery Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Surgery Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Surgery Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Daqiao Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Surgery Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Surgery Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
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14
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Dillon JS, Bushnell D, Laux DE. High-specific-activity 131iodine-metaiodobenzylguanidine for therapy of unresectable pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Future Oncol 2021; 17:1131-1141. [PMID: 33506713 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPG) are rare cancers arising from the adrenal medulla (pheochromocytoma) or autonomic ganglia (paraganglioma). They have highly variable biological behavior. Most PPG express high-affinity norepinephrine transporters, allowing active uptake of the norepinephrine analog, 131iodine-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG). Low-specific-activity forms of 131I-MIBG have been used since 1983 for therapy of PPG. High-specific-activity 131I-MIBG therapy improves hypertension management, induces partial radiological response or stable disease, decreases biochemical markers of disease activity and is well tolerated by patients. This drug, approved in the USA in July 2018, is the first approved agent for patients with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic PPG and imaging evidence of metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake, who require systemic anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Dillon
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - David Bushnell
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Douglas E Laux
- Division of Oncology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Majewska A, Budny B, Ziemnicka K, Ruchała M, Wierzbicka M. Head and Neck Paragangliomas-A Genetic Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207669. [PMID: 33081307 PMCID: PMC7589036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas (PCC) and paragangliomas (PGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors. Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGL) can be categorized into carotid body tumors, which are the most common, as well as jugular, tympanic, and vagal paraganglioma. A review of the current literature was conducted to consolidate knowledge concerning PGL mutations, familial occurrence, and the practical application of this information. Available scientific databases were searched using the keywords head and neck paraganglioma and genetics, and 274 articles in PubMed and 1183 in ScienceDirect were found. From these articles, those concerning genetic changes in HNPGLs were selected. The aim of this review is to describe the known genetic changes and their practical applications. We found that the etiology of the tumors in question is based on genetic changes in the form of either germinal or somatic mutations. 40% of PCC and PGL have a predisposing germline mutation (including VHL, SDHB, SDHD, RET, NF1, THEM127, MAX, SDHC, SDHA, SDHAF2, HIF2A, HRAS, KIF1B, PHD2, and FH). Approximately 25–30% of cases are due to somatic mutations, such as RET, VHL, NF1, MAX, and HIF2A. The tumors were divided into three main clusters by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA); namely, the pseudohypoxia group, the Wnt signaling group, and the kinase signaling group. The review also discusses genetic syndromes, epigenetic changes, and new testing technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Majewska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Bartłomiej Budny
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (B.B.); (K.Z.); (M.R.)
| | - Katarzyna Ziemnicka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (B.B.); (K.Z.); (M.R.)
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (B.B.); (K.Z.); (M.R.)
| | - Małgorzata Wierzbicka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland;
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Abt NB, Holcomb AJ, Shroff S, Deschler DG. Intralaryngeal paraganglioma workup and discussion of surgical approach. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/6/e234745. [PMID: 32487522 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-234745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal paragangliomas are an uncommon presentation of head and neck paragangliomas, with laryngeal paragangliomas along with a synchronous paraganglioma being exceptionally rare. We present two challenging cases of laryngeal paragangliomas with extralaryngeal extension, completely resected through a transcervical approach without endolaryngeal disruption, with one case having synchronous bilateral carotid body tumours. Both patients had excellent results with complete tumour resection and no resultant functional impact. The surgical approaches for large laryngeal paraganglioma are discussed with considerations for endolaryngeal, transcervical and combined approaches as well as decision-making when approaching these rare lesions in the setting of synchronous head and neck paragangliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Abt
- Otolarynology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew J Holcomb
- Otolarynology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stuti Shroff
- Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel G Deschler
- Otolarynology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Chen H, Yao W, He Q, Yu X, Bian B. Identification of a novel SDHB c.563 T > C mutation responsible for Paraganglioma syndrome and genetic analysis of the SDHB gene in China: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:116. [PMID: 32460727 PMCID: PMC7254674 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) deficiency has been confirmed to be associated with PPGL in various studies. SDHB mutations play an important role in PPGL. However, genetic screening of PPGL patients has not been widely carried out in clinics in China, and only a few related studies have been reported. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of a 23-year-old woman with paraganglioma (PGL) caused by a novel missense SDHB mutation, c.563 T > C (p.Leu188Pro), who presented with paroxysmal hypertension. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a PGL in the right retroperitoneum and no metastasis. The patient was treated with surgical excision and did not have postsurgerical paroxysmal hypertension. In addition, we searched the literature related to variations in SDHB genes in Chinese patients with PPGL using multiple online databases, including PubMed, China Hospital Knowledge Database and Wanfang Data. Ultimately, 14 studies (published between 2006 and 2019) comprising 34 cases of SDHB-related PGL or pheochromocytoma (PCC) were found. In total, 35 patients were enrolled in this study, and 25 mutations were identified. The common genetic alterations of SDHB in China were c.136C > T (11.4%), c.18C > A (11.4%) and c.725G > A (8.5%). Some carriers of SDHB mutations (28.1%) developed metastatic PPGL, and a high frequency of head and neck PGLs (HNPGLs) (59.4%) was reported. CONCLUSIONS We describe a classic case with a novel SDHB c.563 T > C mutation. Based on our literature review, common SDHB gene mutations in Chinese PPGL patients are c.136C > T, c.18C > A and c.725G > A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heye Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xuefang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Bo Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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