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De Gregorio MÁ, Yamamoto-Ramos M, Fredes A, Serrano-Casorran C, Sierre S, Ciampi-Dopazo JJ, Méndez S, Abadal JM, Urtiaga I, Bonastre C, Rodríguez J, Urbano J, Guirola JA. A Comparative Study of a Small Series of Patients (50 Patients) with Pelvic Varicose Veins Treated with Plugs Alone or Plugs and Polidocanol. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5408. [PMID: 37629450 PMCID: PMC10455180 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2. PURPOSE To compare the safety and efficacy of vascular plug (VP) and vascular plug and polidocanol foam (VPPF) treatments for embolization in pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A comparative, prospective, two-center study enrolled 50 women with PCS from January 2019 to January 2020. The patients were divided into two groups, and embolization was performed with VP (n = 25) and VPPF (n = 25) treatments. The mean age of the patients was 45.6 years ± 6.9. Three clinical parameters were assessed: abdominal pain, dyspareunia, and lower limb pain. The primary outcome (clinical success at 1 yr using a VAS), number of devices, procedure and fluoroscopy times, radiation doses, costs, and complications were compared. The participants were followed-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS At the 1-year follow-up, clinical success did not significantly differ between the two groups (VP vs. VPPF) regarding the improvement of the symptoms analyzed (pelvic pain, dyspareunia, lower extremity pain, and other symptoms (p < 0.05)). The mean number of devices per case was 4 ± 1.1 for the VP group and 2 ± 0.31 for the VPPF group (p < 0.001). No major complications were recorded in either group. The VPPF group had a significantly longer fluoroscopy time (42.8 min ± 14.2 vs. 25.4 min ± 7) and longer radiation dose (VPPF air kerma 839.4 ± 513 vs. VP air kerma 658.4 mGy ± 355 (all p < 0.001)). CONCLUSIONS Embolization for PCS resulted in pain relief in 90% of patients; the use of polidocanol did not demonstrate changes in the clinical outcome. The use of a VP alone was associated with decreased fluoroscopy time and radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel De Gregorio
- Minimally Invasive Techniques Research Group—GITMI, University of Zaragoza, Clínica Quirón, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Masao Yamamoto-Ramos
- Interventional Radiology, Minimally Invasive Techniques Research Group—GITMI, Clínica Quirón, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Arturo Fredes
- Interventional Radiology, Clinica Quiron Salud Zaragoza, 50006 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Carolina Serrano-Casorran
- Minimally Invasive Techniques Research Group (GITMI), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.S.-C.); (C.B.); (J.R.)
| | - Sergio Sierre
- Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Austral, Buenos Aires B1629, Argentina;
| | | | - Santiago Méndez
- Interventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Abadal
- EBIR Intereventional Radiology, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, 28914 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Urtiaga
- Vascular Surgery, Minimally Invasive Techniques Research Group (GITMI), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Cristina Bonastre
- Minimally Invasive Techniques Research Group (GITMI), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.S.-C.); (C.B.); (J.R.)
| | - Jose Rodríguez
- Minimally Invasive Techniques Research Group (GITMI), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.S.-C.); (C.B.); (J.R.)
| | - Jose Urbano
- Interventional Radiology, Minimally Invasive Techniques Research Group (GITMI), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Andrés Guirola
- Minimally Invasive Techniques Research Group (GITMI), Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
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Risner V, McColgan Y, Salazar G. Interventional Treatment of Labial Varices. Semin Intervent Radiol 2023; 40:384-388. [PMID: 37575344 PMCID: PMC10415056 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Labial varices are commonly seen in women with varicose veins of the pelvis. Initial management is conservative management since labial varies typically resolve, particularly in pregnant patients following delivery. Varices can be seen also in association with pelvic varices in the pelvic venous disease spectrum. Sclerotherapy is often the management. This article reviews the presentation and treatment of patients with labial varices, with a focus on interventional radiologic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Risner
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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3
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Dunlap E, Fitzpatrick S, Nagarsheth K. Back Pain and Right Leg Swelling: Unusual Presentations of May-Thurner Syndrome. Cureus 2023; 15:e35984. [PMID: 37041902 PMCID: PMC10083046 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
May-Thurner (MT) syndrome refers to compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery. Symptoms reported are generally left-sided leg swelling or pain. It is unusual for patients to report right-sided symptoms that are alleviated by treating MT compression. This case series describes three patients who had right-sided symptoms caused by left-sided venous compression. A retrospective chart review identified three patients over a year who presented with a variety of symptoms, including right-leg pain and swelling, and underwent treatment with left-sided venous compressions with a resolution of symptoms. Three patients were identified with right-sided back and flank pain. Venography with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) showed the MT compression was greater than 75% in each case (mean 80.3% with a range of 75.7%-95%), and all patients were treated by decompressing the venous outflow obstruction by stenting the left common iliac vein, which relieved their symptoms. Venous compressions that occur on the anatomical left side can lead to right-sided symptoms. In patients reporting right-sided back and flank pain, MT should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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Potla N, Veluri SC, Stead TS, Dubey J, Ganti L. Pelvic Congestion Syndrome in a Postmenopausal Female. Cureus 2021; 13:e17444. [PMID: 34589350 PMCID: PMC8463039 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the case of a 53-year-old postmenopausal woman and explores her unique experience with pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS). PCS is a relatively newly recognized entity and is still a diagnosis of exclusion. We analyze the presenting symptoms and imaging findings on CT and ultrasonography. We also examine the potential causes of this ambiguous prognosis. This case is unusual in that PCS usually presents in premenopausal rather than postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Potla
- Emergency Medicine, Unionville High School, Kennett Square, USA
| | | | - Thor S Stead
- Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, USA
| | - Jesse Dubey
- Emergency Medicine, Lakeland Regional Health, Lakeland, USA
| | - Latha Ganti
- Emergency Medicine, Envision Physician Services, Plantation, USA.,Emergency Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA.,Emergency Medicine, Ocala Regional Medical Center, Ocala, USA.,Emergency Medicine, HCA Healthcare Graduate Medical Education Consortium Emergency Medicine Residency Program of Greater Orlando, Orlando, USA
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5
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Armenta Flores R, Armenta-Villalobos D, Ramirez-Centeno E, Harrison-Ragle D, Carrillo LGD. May Thurner syndrome: Sixty years later. Phlebology 2021; 37:5-13. [PMID: 34494483 DOI: 10.1177/02683555211045202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) was described sixty years ago. Once ignored for several years, it is currently a recognized pathology in the vascular surgery community; but not long ago due to several factors, it was underdiagnosed and sub-optimally treated. In the last 20 years, with renewed interest in venous pathology, technical imaging advances and the recent interventional procedures, it has become a better known disease. On the other hand, nowadays the easiness in diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome has lead to overtreatment of such patients. In this article, we do a historical review and describe the significant advances and current management of May-Thurner syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romulo Armenta Flores
- Hospital Medica Campestre, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Diego Armenta-Villalobos
- Guanajuato University Medical School, Department of Medicine and Nutrition, Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Derek Harrison-Ragle
- Hospital General del Norte de Puebla SSA, Department of Internal Medicine, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Luis G Dominguez Carrillo
- Guanajuato University Medical School, Department of Medicine and Nutrition, Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Brahmbhatt A, Macher J, Shetty AN, Chughtai K, Baah NO, Dogra VS. Sonographic Evaluation of Pelvic Venous Disorders. Ultrasound Q 2021; 37:219-228. [PMID: 34478419 DOI: 10.1097/ruq.0000000000000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pelvic venous disorders are a group of interrelated conditions characterized by venous incompetence. These conditions often manifest with nonspecific symptoms that overlap with many gynecological, gastrointestinal, and urologic diseases. Clinical diagnosis can be difficult, and imaging can play a vital role in differentiating etiology. Sonographic evaluation is often the first step in evaluating these symptoms. Special attention to possible underlying pelvic venous disorders can reveal characteristic findings, support diagnosis, and guide treatment. Here we review pelvic congestion syndrome, nutcracker syndrome, May-Thurner syndrome, and other venous disorders, with a specific focus on sonographic findings and considerations.
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Siddiqa A, Haider A, Fortuzi K, Adrish M, Ishak C. May-Thurner Syndrome: A Rare Case of Unilateral Deep Vein Thrombosis in an Elderly Woman. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e929897. [PMID: 34460807 PMCID: PMC8420678 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.929897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 78-year-old
Final Diagnosis: May-Thurner syndrome
Symptoms: Lower extremity edema • lower extremity pain
Medication: —
Clinical Procedure: —
Specialty: Critical Care Medicine • Hematology • General and Internal Medicine • Radiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Siddiqa
- Department of Internal Medicine, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Asim Haider
- Department of Internal Medicine, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ked Fortuzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Muhammad Adrish
- Department of Internal Medicine, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Pulmonary Critical Care, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Charbel Ishak
- Department of Interventional Radiology, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
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Ahmad AS. May-Thurner Syndrome, an Often Overlooked Cause of Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report. Oman Med J 2021; 36:e269. [PMID: 34234962 PMCID: PMC8223584 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2021.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common medical condition, but the predisposing anatomical factors, which may be amenable to definitive treatment, are usually overlooked. Therefore, a high index of clinical suspicion is the key to early diagnosis. We report here one such case of May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) to raise awareness. MTS (also known as iliac vein compression syndrome) should be suspected in cases of extensive DVT of the leg, particularly involving the iliac vein on the left side. The prognosis is improved with thrombolysis followed by angioplasty and stent to address the venous stenosis.
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9
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Liquid and Solid Embolic Agents in Gonadal Veins. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081596. [PMID: 33918908 PMCID: PMC8069975 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Male varicocele and pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) are common pathologies with high predominance in young patients, having a high impact on the quality of life and infertility. Lately, the use of different endovascular embolization techniques, with various embolizing agents, shows good technical results and clinical outcomes. With the aim of presenting the “state of the art” of endovascular techniques for the treatment of male varicocele and PCS, and to discuss the performance of the different embolic agents proposed, we conducted an extensive analysis of the relevant literature and we reported and discussed the results of original studies and previous meta-analyses, providing an updated guide on this topic to clinicians and interventional radiologists. We have also underlined the technical aspects for the benefit of those who approach this type of interventional treatment. Our review suggests promising results in both the endovascular embolic treatment of male varicocele and PCS; for varicocele, a success rate of between 70% and 100% and a recurrence rate of up to 16% is reported, while for PCS it has been found that technical success is achieved in almost all cases of endovascular treatment, with a highly variable recurrence rate based on reports. Complications are overall rather rare and are represented by periprocedural pain, migration of embolic media and vascular perforations: severe adverse events have been reported very rarely.
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10
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When Love Hurts: Evaluation and Management of Painful Intercourse in Women. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-020-00300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Comprehensive review of pelvic congestion syndrome: causes, symptoms, treatment options. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2020; 32:237-242. [DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Delara R, Knuttinen MG, Wasson M. Vulvar Varicosities from May-Thurner Syndrome. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020; 27:798-799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Salahuddin T, Armstrong EJ. Intervention for Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis and May-Thurner Syndrome. Interv Cardiol Clin 2020; 9:243-254. [PMID: 32147124 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
May-Thurner syndrome, also known as iliac vein compression syndrome, may cause symptoms of venous hypertension and is a predisposing factor for the development of iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Iliofemoral DVT is associated with high rates of development of postthrombotic syndrome, a potentially debilitating condition associated with development of symptoms related to venous outflow obstruction and resulting in reduced quality of life. In this Clinics article, we review procedural intervention with catheter-directed thrombolysis and stenting for iliofemoral DVT and iliac vein compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taufiq Salahuddin
- Cardiology Section, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, 1700 North Wheeling Street, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ehrin J Armstrong
- Cardiology Section, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, 1700 North Wheeling Street, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Interventional Cardiology, Vascular Laboratory, Rocky Mountain Regional VA, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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