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Ma SG, Yang Y, Huang Y. Venous thromboembolism risk assessment scale for prediction of venous thromboembolism in inpatients with cancer: A meta-analysis. Thromb Res 2024; 240:109058. [PMID: 38875848 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.109058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the validity of the Caprini venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment scale in predicting the risk of VTE in inpatients with cancer. METHODS Studies relating to the Caprini VTE risk assessment scale were systematically retrieved from the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, BIOSIS Previews, EBSCOhost, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases up to May 1, 2022. Two reviewers independently conducted data extraction and quality evaluation. MetaDisc 1.4 and Stata 15.0 software were used for data analysis. RESULTS We included 10 studies with 23,644 subjects in our analyses. The results showed that the pooled sensitivity (SEN) and specificity (SPE) were 0.59 (95 % CI: 0.55 to 0.63) and 0.57 (95 % CI:0.57 to 0.58), respectively; the pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 6.05 (95 % CI: 2.70 to 13.58); and the area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.76. Subgroup analysis was performed according to ethnicity (Chinese or non-Chinese), study design (prospective/retrospective), Caprini RAM version (2005/2009), and cut-off (≤7 or > 7). CONCLUSION The Caprini VTE risk assessment scale has a moderate ability to predict VTE in surgical inpatients with cancer, as well as in Western populations; Caprini 2009 has a stronger predictive ability than 2005, and its predictive power is better if the cut-off value is >7. Future studies in clinical practice and specific specialties are needed to explore the optimal cut-off value of different cancers. This will improve our accuracy in understanding the risk of VTE in inpatients and help promote timely and targeted prevention. In turn, this will reduce the incidence of VTE and improve the quality of life of inpatients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ge Ma
- First People's Hospital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Xichang, Sichuan 615000, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education/West China College of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education/West China College of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China.
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Patel SV, Liberman SA, Burgess PL, Goldberg JE, Poylin VY, Messick CA, Davis BR, Feingold DL, Lightner AL, Paquette IM. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Reduction of Venous Thromboembolic Disease in Colorectal Surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 2023; 66:1162-1173. [PMID: 37318130 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000002975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil V Patel
- Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - Pamela L Burgess
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, Georgia
| | - Joel E Goldberg
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vitaliy Y Poylin
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Craig A Messick
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bradley R Davis
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Daniel L Feingold
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | | | - Ian M Paquette
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Lobastov K, Urbanek T, Stepanov E, Lal BK, Marangoni J, Krauss ES, Cronin M, Dengler N, Segal A, Welch HJ, Gianesini S, Chen X, Caprini JA. The Thresholds of Caprini Score Associated With Increased Risk of Venous Thromboembolism Across Different Specialties: A Systematic Review. Ann Surg 2023; 277:929-937. [PMID: 36912040 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estimation of the specific thresholds of the Caprini risk score (CRS) that are associated with the increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) across different specialties, including identifying the highest level of risk. BACKGROUND Accurate risk assessment remains an important but often challenging aspect of VTE prophylaxis. One well-established risk assessment model is CRS, which has been validated in thousands of patients from many different medical and surgical specialties. METHODS A search of MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library was performed in March 2022. Manuscripts that reported on (1) patients admitted to medical or surgical departments and (2) had their VTE risk assessed by CRS and (3) reported on the correlation between the score and VTE incidence, were included in the analysis. RESULTS A total of 4562 references were identified, and the full text of 202 papers was assessed for eligibility. The correlation between CRS and VTE incidence was reported in 68 studies that enrolled 4,207,895 patients. In all specialties, a significant increase in VTE incidence was observed in patients with a CRS of ≥5. In most specialties thresholds of ≥7, ≥9, and ≥11 to 12 were associated with dramatically increased incidences of VTE. In COVID-19, cancer, trauma, vascular, general, head and neck, and thoracic surgery patients with ≥9 and ≥11 to 12 scores the VTE incidence was extremely high (ranging from 13% to 47%). CONCLUSION The Caprini score is being used increasingly to predict VTE in many medical and surgical specialties. In most cases, the VTE risk for individual patients increases dramatically at a threshold CRS of 7 to 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Lobastov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Eugeniy Stepanov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Brajesh K Lal
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Eugene S Krauss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Syosset Hospital, Northwell Health, Syosset, NY
| | - MaryAnne Cronin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Syosset Hospital, Northwell Health, Syosset, NY
| | - Nancy Dengler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Syosset Hospital, Northwell Health, Syosset, NY
| | - Ayal Segal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Syosset Hospital, Northwell Health, Syosset, NY
| | - Harold J Welch
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA
| | | | - Xiaolan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Liu Y, Wang F, Ma D, Wu X, Hui Z, Zhang H, Zhang L. Views of inpatients on the prevention of venous thrombosis with ankle pump exercise: A cross-sectional survey. Phlebology 2023; 38:28-35. [PMID: 36433701 DOI: 10.1177/02683555221142199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the current status of patients' knowledge and clinical compliance with ankle pump exercises in order to better enhance patient education and improve patient compliance with ankle pump exercises. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of the current status of ankle pump exercise awareness and compliance was conducted using a self-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of a general demographic information questionnaire, a questionnaire on patients' perceptions of ankle pump exercise and a compliance questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 2,203 patients from 53 clinical departments participated in this survey. 87.8% of patients considered ankle pump exercise important, 92.1% could grasp the knowledge of ankle pump exercise, 48.5% could self-monitor and exercise daily as instructed, 81.5% of health care workers would often supervise patients to complete ankle pump exercise, poor self-control (34.6%), lack of physical strength (21.1%) and perceived hassle (18.9%) were the top 3 factors contributing to patients' inability to complete the ankle pump exercise. Regression analysis showed that the factors influencing patients' compliance with the ankle pump exercise were literacy, economic level, number of comorbidities and caprini risk class (p < .05). CONCLUSION The patient's cognition of ankle pump exercise is good, but the compliance needs to be improved. It is suggested that the compliance of ankle pump exercise in hospitalized patients should be improved in the future to reduce the incidence of Venous thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, 34708Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Danfeng Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuejun Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Hui
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, 34708Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Extracardiac ICU, 34708Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Wilson S, Chen X, Cronin M, Dengler N, Enker P, Krauss ES, Laberko L, Lobastov K, Obi AT, Powell CA, Schastlivtsev I, Segal A, Simonson B, Siracuse J, Wakefield TW, McAneny D, Caprini JA, Caprini JA. Thrombosis prophylaxis in surgical patients using the Caprini Risk Score. Curr Probl Surg 2022; 59:101221. [PMID: 36372452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpsurg.2022.101221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xialan Chen
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - MaryAnne Cronin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Syosset Hospital, Syosset, NY
| | - Nancy Dengler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Syosset Hospital, Syosset, NY
| | - Paul Enker
- Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Uniondale, NY
| | - Eugene S Krauss
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Syosset Hospital, Syosset, NY
| | - Leonid Laberko
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Lobastov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrea T Obi
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Chloé A Powell
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Ayal Segal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Syosset Hospital, Syosset, NY
| | - Barry Simonson
- Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Uniondale, NY
| | | | | | - David McAneny
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph A Caprini
- Emeritus, NorthShore University Health System, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Zhang Z, Wu Y, Liu Q, Dong F, Pang W, Zhe K, Wan J, Xie W, Wang W, Yang P, Sun A, Zhai Z. Patient-Completed Caprini Risk Score for Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment: Developed and Validated from 1,017 Medical and Surgical Patients. TH OPEN 2022; 6:e184-e193. [PMID: 36046202 PMCID: PMC9303073 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background The Caprini Risk Score (CRS) is one of the most widely used risk assessment models for venous thromboembolism (VTE). A well-validated patient-completed CRS form may allow patients to self-report and simplify the evaluation by health care workers.
Methods The Chinese version of the CRS was optimized for easy understanding in a pilot study. The amended CRS form was completed by prospectively recruited patients and blinded nurses. The agreement levels of the individual questions and the total scores of patient and nurse-completed forms were compared using the Kappa value. The total scores were used for risk stratification of patients. Correlation and differences between patient and nurse-completed forms were analyzed using the Spearman correlation and Bland–Altman method, respectively.
Results We recruited 504 medical patients and 513 surgical patients, aged 52.7 ± 16.3 years, of which 443 (43.6%) were men, and 91.6% of the patients were educated beyond junior high school. The patients spent less time to complete the form compared with trained nurses. There was good question-to-question agreement between patient and nurse-completed CRS (k >0.6 for most questions, p < 0.0001). The total scores also showed good agreement (k = 0.6097, p < 0.0001), and enabled the classification of patients into different risk groups. The patient and nurse-derived scores were highly correlated (Spearman's r = 0.84), and without extreme values (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion We have created and verified a Chinese version of the patient-completed CRS, which showed good agreement and correlation with nurse-completed CRS. CRS represents a suitable tool for VTE risk assessment of hospitalized patients in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Liu
- Department of Nursing, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Dong
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyi Pang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyuan Zhe
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmu Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nursing, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiran Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nursing, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Zhai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Computational Analysis of the Related Factors of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Formation in Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1127095. [PMID: 35668774 PMCID: PMC9166936 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1127095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective study was conducted on 51 patients undergoing hip fracture surgery to investigate the factors associated with the formation of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The independent sample t-test and correlation analysis were used to sort out and analyze the data. The findings are as follows. (1) Different gender samples showed significant differences in the Caprini score and thrombus location. Most DVTs in females are located in the posterior tibial vein and intermuscular veins. The Caprini score of females was significantly higher than that of males. (2) Age displays a positive correlation with DVT, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and different surgical types, respectively. (3) There is a correlation between age and operation duration. (4) Hyperlipidemia and cerebrovascular disease show a positive correlation with DVT. (5) There was a significant negative correlation between the Caprini score and the quantification of D-dimer. This indicates that in this sample, the higher the patients' Caprini score is, the lower the quantitation of D-dimer will be. (6) Hyperlipidemia and cardiac insufficiency show a positive correlation with cerebrovascular disease. Patients with hyperlipidemia and cardiac insufficiency may also suffer from cerebrovascular diseases.
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Ke L, Cui S, Yang M, Chen J, Xu S, Jiang G, Zhang Y, Chen S, Zheng E, Zhao H, Fan X, Li Y, Zhi X, Hu B, Li H. Validation of a modified Caprini risk assessment model in lung cancer patients undergoing surgery: Results of a multicenter cross-sectional observational study. J Surg Oncol 2022; 125:933-942. [PMID: 35041203 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Lung cancer patients slated for surgery are at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Precise risk assessment is necessary for providing proper thromboprophylaxis and reducing morbidity and mortality of VTE. METHODS A multicenter, observational, cross-sectional cohort study, involving patients with primary lung cancer undergoing surgery, was carried out from August 2016 to December 2019. All patients were assessed according to the Caprini risk assessment model (RAM) and a modified scoring system incorporating elevated D-dimer and new stratification of surgical time. The endpoint was confirmed VTE or patient discharge. RESULTS Out of 1205 patients, 87 (7.2%) were diagnosed with VTE. The area under the curve of modified scores for VTE was 0.759, which was larger than that of the original one (0.589) (p < 0.05). By modified Caprini scoring system, a higher score was associated with increased VTE risk (odds ratio [OR], 1.345; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.197-1.512; p < 0.001), and there was an increased OR of 4.090 (95% CI, 2.472-6.768, p < 0.001) for VTE in high-risk category patients. CONCLUSION Modified Caprini RAM showed an improved prediction of high-risk patients with an elevated likelihood of postoperative VTE compared to the original one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Ke
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Songping Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Gening Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - E Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Honglin Zhao
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxi Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuyi Zhi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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