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Wang X, Zhang Y, Jia L, Li T, You C, Fang F. Effects of Smoking on Short-Term and Long-Term Mortality after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 51:214-224. [PMID: 34518447 DOI: 10.1159/000518730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between smoking and clinical outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is poorly clarified, and current pieces of evidence are inconsistent. The purpose of this multicenter cohort study is therefore to explore the relationship between smoking and mortality as well as several complications after aSAH. METHODS Databases of patient records were from 4 tertiary hospitals. We assessed the impact of tobacco use and tobacco dose (categorized based on smoking index [SI]) on several complication and overall outcome variables. The primary outcome was mortality within the longest follow-up. Logistic models were used to investigate univariate and multivariate relationships between predictors and outcomes. We also developed a propensity score matching for smoking status by using all known confounders. RESULTS A total of 6,578 patients with aSAH were analyzed. Current smoking and former smoking did not show association with mortality within the longest follow-up (odds ratio [OR], 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69-1.30, p = 0.726; OR, 0.66, 95% CI: 0.38-1.15, p = 0.139, respectively). In addition, patients who were current smokers showed an independent association with the decreased occurrence of hydrocephalus (OR, 0.60; 95% CI: 0.41-0.88; p = 0.009) after matching all known confounders. We also found moderate smoking (SI between 384 and 625) was associated with reduced mortality in hospital. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that in patients with aSAH, current smoking or former smoking was not associated with all-cause mortality up to 7-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tiangui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Longquan Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Cruzeiro Szortyka ALS, Faria NMX, Carvalho MP, Feijó FR, Meucci RD, Flesch BD, Fiori NS, Fassa AG. Suicidality among South Brazilian tobacco growers. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:52-58. [PMID: 34214458 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among South Brazilian tobacco growers and to analyze the associated factors related to the suicidal ideation. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011 with a random sample of 2469 tobacco growers in São Lourenço do Sul/RS. Suicidal ideation was characterized by the question "Has the thought of ending your life been on your mind?". Suicide attempt was assessed by the question "Have you ever tried to kill yourself?". Investigation of factors associated with suicidal ideation was done by means of Poisson regression. RESULTS Prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt was 2.5 % and 1.2 % respectively. In the adjusted analysis, suicidal ideation was associated with being female, older age, moderate participation in religious activities and difficulty in paying debts. Those who worked in activities that required inadequate postures (hunched over or other forced positions), as well as farmers who performed 6-9 pesticide-related tasks demonstrated greater risk of suicidal ideation. Regarding health conditions, medical diagnosis of asthma, chronic low back pain, number of lifetime green tobacco sickness episodes and lifetime pesticide poisoning were positively associated with suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION Suicidal thoughts and attempts are relevant mental health problems among tobacco growers. Reducing pesticide use, as well as exposure to nicotine and improving socio-economic conditions, can reduce suicidal ideation and improve the mental health of exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Sica Cruzeiro Szortyka
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Psychology Course, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Neice Muller Xavier Faria
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Maitê Peres Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ribas Feijó
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health, Environment and Work, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Dalke Meucci
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Foundation Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Betina Daniele Flesch
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Nadia Spada Fiori
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Chen F, Zhu K, Chen L, Ouyang L, Chen C, Gu L, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Lin Z, Zhang Q, Shao X, Dai J, Zhao Y. Protein target identification of ginsenosides in skeletal muscle tissues: discovery of natural small-molecule activators of muscle-type creatine kinase. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:461-474. [PMID: 32372868 PMCID: PMC7195589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng effectively reduces fatigue in both animal models and clinical trials. However, the mechanism of action is not completely understood, and its molecular targets remain largely unknown. Methods By screening for proteins that interact with the primary components of ginseng (ginsenosides) in an affinity chromatography assay, we have identified muscle-type creatine kinase (CK-MM) as a potential target in skeletal muscle tissues. Results Biolayer interferometry analysis showed that ginsenoside metabolites, instead of parent ginsenosides, had direct interaction with recombinant human CK-MM. Subsequently, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), which is a ginsenoside metabolite and displayed the strongest interaction with CK-MM in the study, was selected as a representative to confirm direct binding and its biological importance. Biolayer interferometry kinetics analysis and isothermal titration calorimetry assay demonstrated that PPD specifically bound to human CK-MM. Moreover, the mutation of key amino acids predicted by molecular docking decreased the affinity between PPD and CK-MM. The direct binding activated CK-MM activity in vitro and in vivo, which increased the levels of tissue phosphocreatine and strengthened the function of the creatine kinase/phosphocreatine system in skeletal muscle, thus buffering cellular ATP, delaying exercise-induced lactate accumulation, and improving exercise performance in mice. Conclusion Our results suggest a cellular target and an initiating molecular event by which ginseng reduces fatigue. All these findings indicate PPD as a small molecular activator of CK-MM, which can help in further developing better CK-MM activators based on the dammarane-type triterpenoid structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Research Center, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kexuan Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liufeng Ouyang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Pathological Sciences, College of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Cuihua Chen
- Research Center, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Gu
- Research Center, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yucui Jiang
- Research Center, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- School of Nursing, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Zixuan Lin
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Shao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguo Dai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunan Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Research Center, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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Jiang H, Li S, Yang J. Work Stress and Depressive Symptoms in Fishermen With a Smoking Habit: A Mediator Role of Nicotine Dependence and Possible Moderator Role of Expressive Suppression and Cognitive Reappraisal. Front Psychol 2018; 9:386. [PMID: 29632504 PMCID: PMC5879124 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined pathways of influence between work stress, depressive symptoms, nicotine dependence, expressive suppression, and cognitive reappraisal in fishermen with smoking habits in Qionghai, Hainan province, China (N = 1068). These fishermen responded to multiple assessments a week before leaving on a deep-sea fishing trip, including a Mental Stressor Investigation Questionnaire (MSIQ), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Russell Reason for Smoking Questionnaire (RRSQ), and an Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses of the collected data in Mplus 7 showed that work stress and nicotine dependence were independent predictors of depressive symptoms. The relationship between work stress and depressive symptoms was found to be partially mediated by nicotine dependence and be moderated by cognitive reappraisal. The evidence suggests it advantageous to examine the need of work stress, nicotine dependence, and cognitive reappraisal when attempting to understand depressive symptoms in fishermen with a smoking habit. These findings suggest that improving nicotine dependence through work stress management and training in cognitive reappraisal could be utilized as effective modalities for improving depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Sailan Li
- Hainan Anning Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Psychology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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Bailey JM, Oliveri AN, Karbhari N, Brooks RAJ, De La Rocha AJ, Janardhan S, Levin ED. Persistent behavioral effects following early life exposure to retinoic acid or valproic acid in zebrafish. Neurotoxicology 2015; 52:23-33. [PMID: 26439099 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate to severe dysregulation in retinoid signaling during early development is associated with a constellation of physical malformations and/or neural tube defects, including spina bifida. It is thought that more subtle dysregulation of this system, which might be achievable via dietary (i.e. hypervitaminosis A) or pharmacological (i.e. valproic acid) exposure in humans, will manifest on behavioral domains including sociability, without overt physical abnormalities. METHODS During early life, zebrafish were exposed to low doses of two chemicals that disrupt retinoid signaling. From 0 to 5dpf, larvae were reared in aqueous solutions containing retinoic acid (0, 0.02, 0.2 or 2nM) or valproic acid (0, 0.5, 5.0 or 50μM). One cohort of zebrafish was assessed using a locomotor activity screen at 6-dpf; another was reared to adulthood and assessed using a neurobehavioral test battery (startle habituation, novel tank exploration, shoaling, and predator escape/avoidance). RESULTS There was no significant increase in the incidence of physical malformation among exposed fish compared to controls. Both retinoic acid and valproic acid exposures during development disrupted larval activity with persisting behavioral alterations later in life, primarily manifesting as decreased social affiliation. CONCLUSIONS Social behavior and some aspects of motor function were altered in exposed fish; the importance of examining emotional or psychological consequences of early life exposure to retinoid acting chemicals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Bailey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anthony N Oliveri
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nishika Karbhari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Roy A J Brooks
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amberlene J De La Rocha
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sheila Janardhan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Edward D Levin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Faria NMX, Fassa AG, Meucci RD, Fiori NS, Miranda VI. Occupational exposure to pesticides, nicotine and minor psychiatric disorders among tobacco farmers in southern Brazil. Neurotoxicology 2014; 45:347-54. [PMID: 24875484 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to pesticides has been associated with psychiatric problems among farm workers, although there is still controversy as to chemical types, intensity and forms of exposure that represent risk factors for neuropsychological problems. Furthermore, tobacco workers are exposed to dermal absorption of nicotine, although its effect on mental health has not yet been studied. OBJECTIVES To identify the prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders (MPD) among tobacco farmers and associated factors, paying special attention to pesticide and nicotine exposure. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of tobacco growers, characterizing economic indicators of the farms, socio-demographic factors, lifestyle habits and occupational exposures. Multivariate analysis was performed using a hierarchical Poisson regression model. RESULTS A total of 2400 tobacco farmers were assessed and MPD prevalence was 12%. MPD was higher among women (PR 1.4), workers aged 40 or over, tenants/employees (PR 1.8) and those who reported having difficulty in paying debts (PR 2.0). Low socioeconomic status was inversely associated with MPD prevalence. Tasks involving dermal exposure to pesticides showed risk varying between 35% and 71%, whereas tobacco growers on farms using organophosphates had 50% more risk of MPD than those not exposed to this kind of pesticide. The number of pesticide poisoning and green tobacco sickness episodes showed linear association with MPD. CONCLUSIONS The study reinforces the evidence of the association between pesticide poisoning and mental health disorders. It also points to increased risk of MPD from low socioeconomic status, dermal pesticide exposure as well as from exposure to organophosphates. Furthermore, the study reveals intense nicotine exposure as a risk for tobacco farmers' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neice Muller Xavier Faria
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Social Medicine Department, Pelotas Federal University, RS, Brazil.
| | - Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Social Medicine Department, Pelotas Federal University, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Dalke Meucci
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Social Medicine Department, Pelotas Federal University, RS, Brazil
| | - Nadia Spada Fiori
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Social Medicine Department, Pelotas Federal University, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Iribarrem Miranda
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Social Medicine Department, Pelotas Federal University, RS, Brazil
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