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Zounr RA, Khuhawar MY, Khuhawar TMJ, Lanjwani MF, Khuhawar MY. GC Analysis of Metformin, Ranitidine and Famotidine from Pharmaceuticals and Human Serum. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:807-813. [PMID: 37415425 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A method has been designed based on gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (FID) for the separation and analyses of ranitidine, famotidine and metformin after pre-column derivatization with trifluoroacetylacetone and ethyl chloroformate. DB-1 (30 m × 0.32 mm id) column with film thickness 0.25 μm was used for the separation at an initial temperature of column was 100°C for 2 min, and ramping at 20°C/min up to 250°C, with a hold time of 3 min. The rate of nitrogen flow was 2.5 mL/min and FID was used for detection. Complete separation was obtained between all the three drugs including excess of derivatization reagents. Linear calibration curves and detection limits were obtained in the ranges 0.1-30 μg/mL and 0.011-0.015 μg/mL. The procedure was repeatable in terms of peak heights/peak areas and retention time (n = 5) for derivatization, quantitation and separation with relative standard deviations (RSDs) within 2.0-3.0%. The approach was examined for the analyses of drug products and serum after the intake of the drugs by healthy volunteers, and recoveries were obtained within 95-98% with RSDs 2.4-3.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan A Zounr
- Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Y Khuhawar
- Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Taj M J Khuhawar
- Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad F Lanjwani
- Dr. M.A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muzamil Y Khuhawar
- Abbott Pharmaceutical Company in Korangi, Landhi Karachi 75106, Sindh, Pakistan
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Balakrishnan A, Sillanpää M, Jacob MM, Vo DVN. Metformin as an emerging concern in wastewater: Occurrence, analysis and treatment methods. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113613. [PMID: 35697083 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is a wonder drug used as an anti-hypoglycemic medication; it is also used as a cancer suppression medicament. Metformin is a first line of drug choice used by doctors for patients with type 2 diabetes. It is used worldwide where the drug's application varies from an anti-hypoglycemic medication to cancer oppression and as a weight loss treatment drug. Due to its wide range of usage, metformin and its byproducts are found in waste water and receiving aquatic environment. This leads to the accumulation of metformin in living beings and the environment where excess concentration levels can lead to ailments such as lactic acidosis or vitamin B12 deficiency. This drug could become of future water treatment concerns with its tons of production per year and vast usage. As a result of continuous occurrence of metformin has demanded the need of implementing and adopting different strategies to save the aquatic systems and the exposure to metformin. This review discuss the various methods for the elimination of metformin from wastewater. Along with that, the properties, occurrence, and health and environmental impacts of metformin are addressed. The different analytical methods for the detection of metformin are also explained. The main findings are discussed with respect to the management of metformin as an emerging contaminants and the major recommendations are discussed to understand the major research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa; Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Norrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Meenu Mariam Jacob
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Gundala A, Prasad KVSRG, Koganti B. Application of quality by design approach in RP-HPLC method development for simultaneous estimation of saxagliptin and dapagliflozin in tablet dosage form. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000218129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - KVSRG Prasad
- Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women’s University), India
| | - Bharathi Koganti
- Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women’s University), India
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Patel D, Kumar P, Sharma S, Dwivedi J. Analytical Methods for Metformin Estimation. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 47:405-417. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1304200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Durgawati Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Puspendra Kumar
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
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Konari SN, Jacob JT. Stability indicating validated UPLC technique for the simultaneous analysis of raltegravir and lamivudine in pharmaceutical dosage forms. HIV & AIDS REVIEW 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hivar.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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