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Li Y, Hu K, Li Y, Lu C, Guo Y, Wang W. The rodent models of arteriovenous fistula. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1293568. [PMID: 38304139 PMCID: PMC10830807 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1293568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) have long been used as dialysis access in patients with end-stage renal disease; however, their maturation and long-term patency still fall short of clinical needs. Rodent models are irreplaceable to facilitate the study of mechanisms and provide reliable insights into clinical problems. The ideal rodent AVF model recapitulates the major features and pathology of human disease as closely as possible, and pre-induction of the uremic milieu is an important addition to AVF failure studies. Herein, we review different surgical methods used so far to create AVF in rodents, including surgical suturing, needle puncture, and the cuff technique. We also summarize commonly used evaluations after AVF placement. The aim was to provide recent advances and ideas for better selection and induction of rodent AVF models. At the same time, further improvements in the models and a deeper understanding of AVF failure mechanisms are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Li
- Departmentof Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Departmentof Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Departmentof Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chanjun Lu
- Department of General Vascular Surgery, Wuhan No.1 Hospital & Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Center, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weici Wang
- Departmentof Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Chen H, She Q, Liu Y, Chen J, Qin Y, Lu C. The peripheral Epac1/p-Cav-1 pathway underlies the disruption of the vascular endothelial barrier following skin/muscle incision and retraction-induced chronic postsurgical pain. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1377. [PMID: 36660643 PMCID: PMC9843368 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial barrier disruption is pivotal in the development of acute and chronic pain. Here, we demonstrate a previously unidentified molecular mechanism in which activation of the peripheral Epac1/p-Cav-1 pathway accelerated the disruption of the vascular endothelial barrier, thereby promoting chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). Methods We established a rat model of CPSP induced by skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR). Pain behaviors were assessed by the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) at different times. Local muscle tissues around the incision were isolated to detect the vascular permeability and the expression of Epac1 and Cav-1. They were assessed by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Results SMIR increased vascular endothelial permeability and the number of macrophages and endothelial cells in the muscle tissues around the incision. The peripheral upregulation of Epac1 was macrophage-derived, whereas that of p-Cav-1 was both macrophage and endothelial cell-derived in the SMIR model. Moreover, the Epac1 agonist 8-pCPT could induce mechanical sensitivity, increase the expression of p-Cav-1, and disrupt vascular endothelial barrier in normal rats. The Epac1 inhibitor CE3F4 attenuated established SMIR-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, the upregulation of p-Cav-1 and vascular endothelial barrier. Finally, we showed that intrathecal injection of Cav-1siRNA relieved SMIR-induced mechanical allodynia, but had no effects of the expression of Epac1. Conclusions Collectively, these results revealed a molecular mechanism for modulating CPSP through the peripheral Epac1/Cav-1 pathway. Importantly, targeting Epac1/Cav-1 signaling might be a potential treatment for CPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qing She
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yibin Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cui'e Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Feng S, Peden EK, Guo Q, Lee TH, Li Q, Yuan Y, Chen C, Huang F, Cheng J. Downregulation of the endothelial histone demethylase JMJD3 is associated with neointimal hyperplasia of arteriovenous fistulas in kidney failure. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101816. [PMID: 35278430 PMCID: PMC9052161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Jumonji domain-containing protein-3 (JMJD3), a histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase, promotes endothelial regeneration, but its function in neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) has not been explored. In this study, we examined the contribution of endothelial JMJD3 to NIH of AVFs and the mechanisms underlying JMJD3 expression during kidney failure. We found that endothelial JMJD3 expression was negatively associated with NIH of AVFs in patients with kidney failure. JMJD3 expression in endothelial cells (ECs) was also downregulated in the vasculature of chronic kidney disease (CKD) mice. In addition, specific knockout of endothelial JMJD3 delayed EC regeneration, enhanced endothelial mesenchymal transition, impaired endothelial barrier function as determined by increased Evans blue staining and inflammatory cell infiltration, and accelerated neointima formation in AVFs created by venous end to arterial side anastomosis in CKD mice. Mechanistically, JMJD3 expression was downregulated via binding of transforming growth factor beta 1-mediated Hes family transcription factor Hes1 to its gene promoter. Knockdown of JMJD3 enhanced H3K27 methylation, thereby inhibiting transcriptional activity at promoters of EC markers and reducing migration and proliferation of ECs. Furthermore, knockdown of endothelial JMJD3 decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production, leading to the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that decreased expression of endothelial JMJD3 impairs EC regeneration and function and accelerates neointima formation in AVFs. We propose increasing the expression of endothelial JMJD3 could represent a new strategy for preventing endothelial dysfunction, attenuating NIH, and improving AVF patency in patients with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhen Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China; Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Eric K Peden
- Department of Vascular Surgery, DeBakey Heart and Vascular Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, USA
| | - Qunying Guo
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Tae Hoon Lee
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Qingtian Li
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Yuhui Yuan
- Department of Surgery, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Changyi Chen
- Department of Surgery, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fengzhang Huang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Jizhong Cheng
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
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Yuan B, Liu H, Pan X, Dong X, Qu LF, Sun J, Pan LL. LSD1 downregulates p21 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells and promotes neointima formation. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114947. [PMID: 35143753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neointima formation is characterized by the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Although lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has critical functions in several diseases, its role in neointima formation remains to be clarified. In this study, we aimed to explore the crucial role of LSD1 on neointima formation using a carotid artery injury model in mice. We observed that aberrant LSD1 expression was increased in human and mouse stenotic arteries and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-treated VSMC. Furthermore, LSD1 knockdown significantly mitigated neointima formation in vivo and inhibited PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation in vitro. We further uncovered that LSD1 overexpression exhibited opposite phenotypes in vivo and in vitro. Finally, LSD1 knockdown inhibited VSMC proliferation by increasing p21 expression, which is associated with LSD1 mediated di-methylated histone H3 on lysine 4 (H3K4me2) modification. Taken together, our data suggest that LSD1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neointima formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - He Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoliang Dong
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Le-Feng Qu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Li-Long Pan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Vazquez-Padron RI, Martinez L, Duque JC, Salman LH, Tabbara M. The anatomical sources of neointimal cells in the arteriovenous fistula. J Vasc Access 2021; 24:99-106. [PMID: 33960241 PMCID: PMC8958841 DOI: 10.1177/11297298211011875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neointimal cells are an elusive population with ambiguous origins, functions, and states of differentiation. Expansion of the venous intima in arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is one of the most prominent remodeling processes in the wall after access creation. However, most of the current knowledge about neointimal cells in AVFs comes from extrapolations from the arterial neointima in non-AVF systems. Understanding the origin of neointimal cells in fistulas may have important implications for the design and effective delivery of therapies aimed to decrease intimal hyperplasia (IH). In addition, a broader knowledge of cellular dynamics during postoperative remodeling of the AVF may help clarify other transformation processes in the wall that combined with IH determine the successful remodeling or failure of the access. In this review, we discuss the possible anatomical sources of neointimal cells in AVFs and their relative contribution to intimal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto I Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laisel Martinez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan C Duque
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Loay H Salman
- Division of Nephrology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Marwan Tabbara
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Chang L, Garcia-Barrio MT, Chen YE. Perivascular Adipose Tissue Regulates Vascular Function by Targeting Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1094-1109. [PMID: 32188271 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.312464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissues are present at multiple locations in the body. Most blood vessels are surrounded with adipose tissue which is referred to as perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). Similarly to adipose tissues at other locations, PVAT harbors many types of cells which produce and secrete adipokines and other undetermined factors which locally modulate PVAT metabolism and vascular function. Uncoupling protein-1, which is considered as a brown fat marker, is also expressed in PVAT of rodents and humans. Thus, compared with other adipose tissues in the visceral area, PVAT displays brown-like characteristics. PVAT shows a distinct function in the cardiovascular system compared with adipose tissues in other depots which are not adjacent to the vascular tree. Growing and extensive studies have demonstrated that presence of normal PVAT is required to maintain the vasculature in a functional status. However, excessive accumulation of dysfunctional PVAT leads to vascular disorders, partially through alteration of its secretome which, in turn, affects vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. In this review, we highlight the cross talk between PVAT and vascular smooth muscle cells and its roles in vascular remodeling and blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
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Celdran Bonafonte D, Roy-Chaudhury P. A coming of age for vascular access research: the good, the bad, and the ugly! Kidney Int 2019; 95:1294-1295. [PMID: 31122705 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dialysis vascular access dysfunction remains an important clinical problem with a very significant morbidity, mortality, and socio-economic cost. Despite the magnitude of the clinical problem, there are currently no truly effective therapies for vascular access dysfunction. Through a high-quality scientific investigation, Liang et al. have identified a number of novel biological pathways responsible for "mouse" arteriovenous fistula stenosis. We hope that the identification of these druggable pathways (targets) will allow for the development of new and effective therapies for vascular access dysfunction, through the creation of an innovation substrate for dialysis vascular access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Celdran Bonafonte
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Prabir Roy-Chaudhury
- University of North Carolina Kidney Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (SAVAHCS), Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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