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Hao X, Long X, Fan L, Gou J, Liu Y, Fu Y, Zhao H, Xie X, Wang D, Liang G, Ye Y, Wang J, Li S, Zeng C. Prenatal LPS leads to increases in RAS expression within the PVN and overactivation of sympathetic outflow in offspring rats. Hypertens Res 2024:10.1038/s41440-024-01754-z. [PMID: 38969805 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) are two major blood pressure-regulating systems. The link between the renal and cerebral RAS axes was provided by reflex activation of renal afferents and efferent sympathetic nerves. There is a self-sustaining enhancement of the brain and the intrarenal RAS. In this study, prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) led to increased RAS activity in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and overactivation of sympathetic outflow, accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disturbances between inhibitory and excitatory neurons in PVN. The AT1 receptor blocker losartan and α2 adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine in the PVN significantly decreased renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and synchronously reduced systolic blood pressure. Prenatal LPS stimulation caused H3 acetylation at H3K9 and H3K14 in the PVN, which suggested that epigenetic changes are involved in transmitting the prenatal adverse stimulative information to the next generation. Additionally, melatonin treatment during pregnancy reduced RAS activity and ROS levels in the PVN; balanced the activity of inhibitory and excitatory neurons in the PVN; increased urine sodium secretion; reduced RSNA and blood pressure. In conclusion, prenatal LPS leads to increased RAS expression within the PVN and overactivation of the sympathetic outflow, thereby contributing to hypertension in offspring rats. Melatonin is expected to be a promising agent for preventing prenatal LPS exposure-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Hao
- Department of human Anatomy and Histoembryology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xueting Long
- Department of human Anatomy and Histoembryology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Lingling Fan
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Jijia Gou
- Department of human Anatomy and Histoembryology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yuchao Liu
- Department of human Anatomy and Histoembryology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yifan Fu
- Department of human Anatomy and Histoembryology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Department of human Anatomy and Histoembryology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Gaofeng Liang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yujia Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Sanqiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Santillan MK, Becker RC, Calhoun DA, Cowley AW, Flynn JT, Grobe JL, Kotchen TA, Lackland DT, Leslie KK, Liang M, Mattson DL, Meyers KE, Mitsnefes MM, Muntner PM, Pierce GL, Pollock JS, Sigmund CD, Thomas SJ, Urbina EM, Kidambi S. Team Science: American Heart Association's Hypertension Strategically Focused Research Network Experience. Hypertension 2021; 77:1857-1866. [PMID: 33934625 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In 2015, the American Heart Association awarded 4-year funding for a Strategically Focused Research Network focused on hypertension composed of 4 Centers: Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Medical College of Wisconsin, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and University of Iowa. Each center proposed 3 integrated (basic, clinical, and population science) projects around a single area of focus relevant to hypertension. Along with scientific progress, the American Heart Association put a significant emphasis on training of next-generation hypertension researchers by sponsoring 3 postdoctoral fellows per center over 4 years. With the center projects being spread across the continuum of basic, clinical, and population sciences, postdoctoral fellows were expected to garner experience in various types of research methodologies. The American Heart Association also provided a number of leadership development opportunities for fellows and investigators in these centers. In addition, collaboration was highly encouraged among the centers (both within and outside the network) with the American Heart Association providing multiple opportunities for meeting and expanding associations. The area of focus for the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Center was hypertension and target organ damage in children utilizing ambulatory blood pressure measurements. The Medical College of Wisconsin Center focused on epigenetic modifications and their role in pathogenesis of hypertension using human and animal studies. The University of Alabama at Birmingham Center's areas of research were diurnal blood pressure patterns and clock genes. The University of Iowa Center evaluated copeptin as a possible early biomarker for preeclampsia and vascular endothelial function during pregnancy. In this review, challenges faced and successes achieved by the investigators of each of the centers are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Santillan
- Obstetrics/Gynecology (M.K.S.,K.K.L), University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Richard C Becker
- Internal Medicine (R.C.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - David A Calhoun
- Internal Medicine (D.A.C., J.S.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| | - Allen W Cowley
- Physiology (A.W.C., J.L.G., M.L., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Justin L Grobe
- Physiology (A.W.C., J.L.G., M.L., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Theodore A Kotchen
- Internal Medicine (T.A.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Daniel T Lackland
- Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (D.T.L.)
| | - Kimberly K Leslie
- Obstetrics/Gynecology (M.K.S.,K.K.L), University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Physiology (A.W.C., J.L.G., M.L., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - David L Mattson
- Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA (D.L.M.)
| | - Kevin E Meyers
- Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (K.E.M.)
| | - Mark M Mitsnefes
- Pediatrics (M.M.M., E.M.U), Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Paul M Muntner
- Epidemiology (P.M.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| | - Gary L Pierce
- Health and Human Physiology (G.L.P), University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jennifer S Pollock
- Internal Medicine (D.A.C., J.S.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Physiology (A.W.C., J.L.G., M.L., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Elaine M Urbina
- Pediatrics (M.M.M., E.M.U), Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Srividya Kidambi
- Internal Medicine (T.A.K., S.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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