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Maaliki D, Itani M, Jarrah H, El-Mallah C, Ismail D, El Atie YE, Obeid O, Jaffa MA, Itani HA. Dietary High Salt Intake Exacerbates SGK1-Mediated T Cell Pathogenicity in L-NAME/High Salt-Induced Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4402. [PMID: 38673987 PMCID: PMC11050194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium chloride (NaCl) activates Th17 and dendritic cells in hypertension by stimulating serum/glucocorticoid kinase 1 (SGK1), a sodium sensor. Memory T cells also play a role in hypertension by infiltrating target organs and releasing proinflammatory cytokines. We tested the hypothesis that the role of T cell SGK1 extends to memory T cells. We employed mice with a T cell deletion of SGK1, SGK1fl/fl × tgCD4cre mice, and used SGK1fl/fl mice as controls. We treated the mice with L-NAME (0.5 mg/mL) for 2 weeks and allowed a 2-week washout interval, followed by a 3-week high-salt (HS) diet (4% NaCl). L-NAME/HS significantly increased blood pressure and memory T cell accumulation in the kidneys and bone marrow of SGK1fl/fl mice compared to knockout mice on L-NAME/HS or groups on a normal diet (ND). SGK1fl/fl mice exhibited increased albuminuria, renal fibrosis, and interferon-γ levels after L-NAME/HS treatment. Myography demonstrated endothelial dysfunction in the mesenteric arterioles of SGK1fl/fl mice. Bone marrow memory T cells were adoptively transferred from either mouse strain after L-NAME/HS administration to recipient CD45.1 mice fed the HS diet for 3 weeks. Only the mice that received cells from SGK1fl/fl donors exhibited increased blood pressure and renal memory T cell infiltration. Our data suggest a new therapeutic target for decreasing hypertension-specific memory T cells and protecting against hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Maaliki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (D.M.); (M.I.); (H.J.); (D.I.); (Y.E.E.A.)
| | - Maha Itani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (D.M.); (M.I.); (H.J.); (D.I.); (Y.E.E.A.)
| | - Hala Jarrah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (D.M.); (M.I.); (H.J.); (D.I.); (Y.E.E.A.)
| | - Carla El-Mallah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (C.E.-M.); (O.O.)
| | - Diana Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (D.M.); (M.I.); (H.J.); (D.I.); (Y.E.E.A.)
| | - Yara E. El Atie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (D.M.); (M.I.); (H.J.); (D.I.); (Y.E.E.A.)
| | - Omar Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (C.E.-M.); (O.O.)
| | - Miran A. Jaffa
- Epidemiology and Population Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon;
| | - Hana A. Itani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (D.M.); (M.I.); (H.J.); (D.I.); (Y.E.E.A.)
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Bonnard B, El Moghrabi S, Ueda K, Lattenist L, Soulie M, López-Andrés N, Xhaard C, Shimosawa T, Rossignol P, Jaisser F. NGAL is a Novel Target in Hypertension by Modulating the NCC-Mediated Renal Na Balance. Hypertension 2023; 80:1860-1870. [PMID: 37377014 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of NGAL/lcn2 (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) is directly modulated by mineralocorticoid receptor activation but its role in blood pressure control is unclear. METHODS a potential relationship between NGAL plasma levels, systolic blood pressure and urinary Na excretion was assessed in the STANISLAS cohort. The specific role of NGAL/lcn2 in salt-sensitive hypertension was studied using lcn2-knockout mice (lcn2 KO) fed with low-Na diet (0Na). RESULTS we show that NGAL plasma levels positively correlate with systolic blood pressure, whereas they negatively correlate with urinary Na excretion in subjects of the STANISLAS cohort. Prolonged feeding of lcn2 KO mice with a 0Na diet induced lower systolic blood pressure than that of the control group (wildtype), suggesting a role for NGAL/lcn2 in Na-balance homeostasis. Short-term or prolonged 0Na increased Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) phosphorylation in the cortex of wildtype mice, which was prevented in lcn2 KO mice. Recombinant mouse lcn2 injections in lcn2 KO mice induced NCC phosphorylation in the kidney cortex, associated with decreased urinary Na excretion. Ex vivo experiments using kidney slices from lcn2 KO mice showed increased NCC phosphorylation by recombinant murine lcn2. In addition, recombinant murine lcn2 induced activation of CamK2β (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II β subunit) phosphorylation in lcn2 KO mice and in kidney slices, providing an underlying mechanism involved in lcn2-induced NCC phosphorylation. Indeed, the inhibition of CamK2β prevented NCC phosphorylation induced by recombinant lcn2 in kidney slices. CONCLUSIONS we highlight a novel role of NGAL/lcn2 as a modulator of the activity of the renal sodium transporter NCC affecting salt-sensitive blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bonnard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, France (B.B., S.E.M., K.U., L.L., M.S., F.J.)
| | - Soumaya El Moghrabi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, France (B.B., S.E.M., K.U., L.L., M.S., F.J.)
| | - Kohei Ueda
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, France (B.B., S.E.M., K.U., L.L., M.S., F.J.)
| | - Lionel Lattenist
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, France (B.B., S.E.M., K.U., L.L., M.S., F.J.)
| | - Matthieu Soulie
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, France (B.B., S.E.M., K.U., L.L., M.S., F.J.)
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain (N.L.-A.)
| | - Constance Xhaard
- Universite de Lorraine, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-1433, Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, and F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France (C.X., P.R.)
- Medicine and nephrology-dialysis departments, Princess Grace Hospital, and Monaco Private Hemodialysis Centre, Monaco (C.X., P.R., F.J.)
| | - Tatsuo Shimosawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, Japan (T.S.)
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- Universite de Lorraine, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-1433, Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, and F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France (C.X., P.R.)
- Medicine and nephrology-dialysis departments, Princess Grace Hospital, and Monaco Private Hemodialysis Centre, Monaco (C.X., P.R., F.J.)
| | - Frédéric Jaisser
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, France (B.B., S.E.M., K.U., L.L., M.S., F.J.)
- Medicine and nephrology-dialysis departments, Princess Grace Hospital, and Monaco Private Hemodialysis Centre, Monaco (C.X., P.R., F.J.)
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Guo M, Li B, Peng Q, Yao R, Wu Y, Ma P, Du C, Liu H, Shu Z, Qin S, Yang X, Yu W. Co-exposure to particulate matter and humidity increases blood pressure in hypertensive mice via the TRPV4-cPLA 2-COX2 pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114800. [PMID: 36933481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that particulate matter (PM) can induce or exacerbate hypertension. High relative humidity has been associated with elevated blood pressure in certain regions. However, the coupling effect of humidity and PM on elevated blood pressure and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, we aimed to explore the effects of exposure to PM and/or high relative humidity on hypertension, as well as elucidate underlying mechanisms. Male C57/BL6 mice were intraperitoneally administered NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) to establish a hypertensive mouse model. The hypertensive mice were exposed to PM (0.15 mg/kg/day) and/or different relative humidities (45/90%) for eight weeks. Histopathological changes, systolic blood pressure (SBP), endothelial-derived contracting factors (thromboxane B2 [TXB2], Prostaglandin F2α [PGF2α], endothelin-1 [ET-1], and angiotensin II [Ang II]), and relaxing factors (prostaglandin I2 [PGI2] and nitric oxide [NO]) were measured to assess the effects of PM exposure and humidity on hypertension in mice. Levels of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) were measured to explore their potential mechanisms. Herein, exposure to 90% relative humidity or PM alone had a slight but insignificant effect on hypertension. However, pathological changes and elevated blood pressure were markedly exacerbated following exposure to PM and 90% relative humidity. Levels of PGF2α, TXB2, and ET-1 were significantly increased, whereas the PGI2 level was substantially decreased. HC-067047-mediated blockade of TRPV4 suppressed TRPV4, cPLA2, and COX2 expression and effectively alleviated the increased blood pressure induced by exposure to PM and 90% relative humidity. These results indicate that 90% relative humidity and PM can activate the TRPV4-cPLA2-COX2 ion channel in the aorta, altering the endothelial-derived contracting and relaxing factors and enhancing blood pressure in hypertensive mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Guo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Baizhan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Xianning Engineering Research Center for Healthy Environment, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Runming Yao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Xianning Engineering Research Center for Healthy Environment, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Xianning Engineering Research Center for Healthy Environment, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Chenqiu Du
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Ziyu Shu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Shuo Qin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Xianning Engineering Research Center for Healthy Environment, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
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Edosuyi O, Adesuyi A, Choi M, Igbe I, Oyekan A. Malate reduced blood pressure and exerted differential effects on renal hemodynamics; role of the nitric oxide system and renal epithelial sodium channels (E NaC). Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 938:175441. [PMID: 36463945 PMCID: PMC9772084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Malate regulates blood pressure via nitric oxide production in salt-sensitive rats, a genetic model of hypertension. This study investigated the possible contributions of malate to blood pressure regulation and renal haemodynamics in normotensive rats. Malate (0.1, 0.3 and 1 μg/kg, iv) was injected into rats or L-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-treated rats and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), cortical blood flow (CBF), and medullary blood flow (MBF), was measured. The clearance study involved infusion of malate at 0.1 μg/kg/h into rats, and MABP, CBF, MBF, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine volume (UV) and sodium output (UNaV) were determined. Mechanistic studies to evaluate the role of renal sodium channels involved the treatment with malate (600 mg/kg, po), amiloride (2.5 mg/kg, po) or hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) (10 mg/kg, po), and UV and UNaV were determined. Malate elicited significant peak reductions in MABP (124 ± 6.5 vs 105 ± 3.1 mmHg) at 0.1 μg/kg), CBF (231 ± 18.5 vs 205 ± 10.9 PU). L-NAME did not reverse the effect of malate on MABP but tended to blunt the effect on CBF (40%) and MBF (87%) at 0.3 μg/kg. Infusion of malate reduced MABP, CBF, and MBF in a time-dependent manner (p<0.05). Malate exerted a three-fold decrease in GFR in a time-related fashion (p<0.05) as well as increased UV. UNaV increased by 86% in malate-treated-amiloride rats (p<0.05). These data indicate that malate modulates blood pressure and exerts vascular and tubular effects on renal function that may involve epithelial sodium channels (ENaC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Osaze Edosuyi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Gray Hall Suites, Rm 256, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100, Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ayobami Adesuyi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria; Community Medicine Department, Babcock University Teaching Hospital, IIishan-Remo, Ogun state, Nigeria
| | - Myung Choi
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Gray Hall Suites, Rm 256, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100, Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ighodaro Igbe
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Adebayo Oyekan
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Gray Hall Suites, Rm 256, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100, Cleburne Street, Houston, TX, USA
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Molecular Mechanisms of Na-Cl Cotransporter in Relation to Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010286. [PMID: 36613730 PMCID: PMC9820686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common clinical disease with an increasing incidence, affecting 10 to 15% of the world's population. Hypertension is the most common and modifiable risk factor for preventing adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD. A survey from developed countries shows that 47% of hypertensive patients over the age of 20 have uncontrolled blood pressure (BP), and the control rate is even lower in developing countries. CKD is both a common cause of uncontrolled hypertension and a risk factor for altered sequelae. In particular, studies have demonstrated that abnormal blood-pressure patterns in CKD patients, such as non-dipping-blood-pressure patterns, are associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is a region of the kidney, and although only 5-10% of the sodium (Na+) filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed by DCT, most studies agree that Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) in human, rabbit, mouse, and rat kidneys is the most important route of sodium reabsorption across the DCT for maintaining the homeostasis of sodium. The regulation of NCC involves a large and complex network structure, including certain physiological factors, kinases, scaffold proteins, transporter phosphorylation, and other aspects. This regulation network includes various levels. Naturally, cross-talk between the components of this system must occur in order to relay the important signals to the transporter to play its role. Knowledge of the mechanisms regulating NCC activation is critical for understanding and treating hypertension and CKD. Previous studies from our laboratory have investigated the mechanisms through which NCC is activated in several different models. In the following sections, we review the literature on the mechanisms of NCC in relation to hypertension in CKD.
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Maaliki D, Itani MM, Itani HA. Pathophysiology and genetics of salt-sensitive hypertension. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1001434. [PMID: 36176775 PMCID: PMC9513236 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1001434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most hypertensive cases are primary and heavily associated with modifiable risk factors like salt intake. Evidence suggests that even small reductions in salt consumption reduce blood pressure in all age groups. In that regard, the ACC/AHA described a distinct set of individuals who exhibit salt-sensitivity, regardless of their hypertensive status. Data has shown that salt-sensitivity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality. However, despite extensive research, the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension is still unclear and tremendously challenged by its multifactorial etiology, complicated genetic influences, and the unavailability of a diagnostic tool. So far, the important roles of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system, and immune system in the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension have been studied. In the first part of this review, we focus on how the systems mentioned above are aberrantly regulated in salt-sensitive hypertension. We follow this with an emphasis on genetic variants in those systems that are associated with and/or increase predisposition to salt-sensitivity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Maaliki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maha M. Itani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hana A. Itani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Hana A. Itani,
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Varga BT, Gáspár A, Ernyey AJ, Hutka B, Tajti BT, Zádori ZS, Gyertyán I. Introduction of a pharmacological neurovascular uncoupling model in rats based on results of mice. Physiol Int 2022. [PMID: 36057105 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2022.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Our aim was to establish a pharmacologically induced neurovascular uncoupling (NVU) method in rats as a model of human cognitive decline. Pharmacologically induced NVU with subsequent neurological and cognitive defects was described in mice, but not in rats so far. We used 32 male Hannover Wistar rats. NVU was induced by intraperitoneal administration of a pharmacological "cocktail" consisting of N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(2-propynyloxy)-benzenehexanamide (MSPPOH, a specific inhibitor of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid-producing epoxidases, 5 mg kg-1), L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 10 mg kg-1) and indomethacin (a nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenases, 1 mg kg-1) and injected twice daily for 8 consecutive days. Cognitive performance was tested in the Morris water-maze and fear-conditioning assays. We also monitored blood pressure. In a terminal operation a laser Doppler probe was used to detect changes in blood-flow (CBF) in the barrel cortex while the contralateral whisker pad was stimulated. Brain and small intestine tissue samples were collected post mortem and examined for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level. Animals treated with the "cocktail" showed no impairment in their performance in any of the cognitive tasks. They had higher blood pressure and showed cca. 50% decrease in CBF. Intestinal bleeding and ulcers were found in some animals with significantly decreased levels of PGE2 in the brain and small intestine. Although we could evoke NVU by the applied mixture of pharmacons, it also induced adverse side effects such as hypertension and intestinal malformations while the treatment did not cause cognitive impairment. Thus, further refinements are still required for the development of an applicable model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Tamás Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Gáspár
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aliz Judit Ernyey
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Hutka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Tekla Tajti
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Sándor Zádori
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Gyertyán
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Labban M, Itani MM, Maaliki D, Nasreddine L, Itani HA. The Sweet and Salty Dietary Face of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease in Lebanon. Front Physiol 2022; 12:802132. [PMID: 35153813 PMCID: PMC8835350 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.802132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 1.28 billion adults aged 30–79 years worldwide have hypertension; and every year, hypertension takes 7.6 million lives. High intakes of salt and sugar (mainly fructose from added sugars) have been linked to the etiology of hypertension, and this may be particularly true for countries undergoing the nutrition transition, such as Lebanon. Salt-induced hypertension and fructose-induced hypertension are manifested in different mechanisms, including Inflammation, aldosterone-mineralocorticoid receptor pathway, aldosterone independent mineralocorticoid receptor pathway, renin-angiotensin system (RAS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, and genetic mechanisms. This review describes the evolution of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Lebanon and aims to elucidate potential mechanisms where salt and fructose work together to induce hypertension. These mechanisms increase salt absorption, decrease salt excretion, induce endogenous fructose production, activate fructose-insulin-salt interaction, and trigger oxidative stress, thus leading to hypertension. The review also provides an up-to-date appraisal of current intake levels of salt and fructose in Lebanon and their main food contributors. It identifies ongoing salt and sugar intake reduction strategies in Lebanon while acknowledging the country’s limited scope of regulation and legislation. Finally, the review concludes with proposed public health strategies and suggestions for future research, which can reduce the intake levels of salt and fructose levels and contribute to curbing the CVD epidemic in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha M Itani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dina Maaliki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lara Nasreddine
- Vascular Medicine Program, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hana A Itani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Vascular Medicine Program, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Adjunct Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Dang R, Jin M, Nan J, Jiang X, He Z, Su F, Li D. A Novel Ferroptosis-Related lncRNA Signature for Prognosis Prediction in Patients with Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:207-222. [PMID: 35023959 PMCID: PMC8747765 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s341034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is a common renal cell carcinoma. Recent studies have reported that ferroptosis is involved in the occurrence and development of tumors. Long non-coding RNAs can be used as independent biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of a variety of tumors. Methods Gene expression profile and clinical information of patients with PRCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Lasso penalized Cox regression and univariate Cox regression analysis were utilized for model construction. The Kaplan–Meier (K-M) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to validate the predictive effect of the prognostic signature. Immune cell infiltration and immune function were compared between the high-risk and low-risk groups. Chemotherapy sensitivity analysis was also performed. Results We constructed a prognostic signature consisting of 15 ferroptosis-related lncRNAs. The K-M curves validated the fine predictive accuracy of the prognostic signature (p < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the lncRNA signature was 0.930, exhibiting robust prognostic capacity. The high-risk group had a greater degree of immune cell infiltration than the low-risk group. Significant differences in inflammation promotion, parainflammation, and type I IFN response were noted between the low-risk and high-risk groups (p < 0.01). The expression levels of immune checkpoints including CD80, IDO1, and LAG3 were significantly higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group (p < 0.05). Chemotherapy sensitivity analysis showed that MNX1-AS1, ZFAS1, MIR4435-2HG, and ADAMTS9-AS1 were significantly correlated with the sensitivity of some chemotherapy drugs (p < 0.05). Conclusion We demonstrated that a ferroptosis-related lncRNA prognostic signature could be a novel biomarker for PRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Dang
- Department of Oncology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing-Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhu Nan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuege Jiang
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Su
- Aeronautical Physiological Identification Training Laboratory, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Diangeng Li
- Department of Scientific Research, Beijing-Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
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