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Kianfar T, Kadkhodaee M, Seifi B, Abdi A, Adelipour M, Pishkenari BH, Malboosi N, Ranjbaran M. The effect of tannic acid on renal renin-angiotensin signaling pathway in a model of unilateral ureteral obstruction in male Wistar rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3569-3579. [PMID: 37249615 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of current study was to elucidate polyphenol tannic acid effect on renal function and activity of the renin-angiotensin system after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of six randomly: 1) Sham, 2) UUO, and 3) UUO + Tannic acid. Rats in the UUO and UUO + Tannic acid groups experienced unilateral ureteral obstruction. In the Sham group, the abdominal cavity was exposed without UUO induction. In the UUO + Tannic acid group, animals received tannic acid (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, 6 and 12 h after clamping the left ureter and 6 and 12 h after the right nephrectomy. Blood samples were taken to measure blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels. Kidney tissue samples were obtained for assessment of oxidative stress, inflammatory indices and the levels of renin-angiotensin system components. Tannic acid administration significantly improved UUO-induced kidney dysfunction (serum BUN: 66.42 ± 14.414 mg/dl, p < 0.05; serum creatinine: 1.67 ± 0.258 mg/dl, p < 0.05), oxidative stress (MDA level: 95.29 ± 37.35 µmol/g tissue, p < 0.05; SOD activity: 59.82 ± 13.41 U/g protein, p < 0.01) and inflammation (renal TNF-α: 57.05 ± 15.653 pg/g tissue, p < 0.05; renal IL-6: 117.015 ± 24.076 pg/g tissue, p < 0.001). The treatment caused a reduction in the amount of renal angiotensinogen, renin and ACE genes expression compared to the UUO group (Angiotensinogen: 8.9 ± onefold, p < 0.05, Renin: 6.5 ± 1.14 fold, p < 0.05, ACE: 4.9 ± 0.64 fold, p < 0.05). Angiotensin II type 1 receptor protein levels decreased in the tannic acid-treated rats in comparison with the UUO group (0.61 ± 0.136, p < 0.05). According to the result of the current study, tannic acid considerably attenuated the complications of unilateral ureteral obstruction through renin-angiotensin system modulation. Trial registration: IR.TUMS.MEDICINE.REC.1400.802.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kianfar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Kadkhodaee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
| | - Behjat Seifi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
| | - Arash Abdi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
| | - Maryam Adelipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahar Hejazi Pishkenari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
| | - Nasrin Malboosi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
| | - Mina Ranjbaran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran.
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Kim SJ, Park HS, Kang PM, Kim BJ, Kim HS, Heo JH, Kim TS, Im SI. Effects of the beta-blocker carvedilol on arrhythmia and long-term clinical outcomes in benign prostate hypertrophy patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35008. [PMID: 37682158 PMCID: PMC10489449 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is associated with autonomic dysfunction and sympathetic nervous system mediated by the alpha receptor. However, limited data exist regarding the effects of the beta-blocker (BB) carvedilol on arrhythmia and urologic outcomes in BPH patients. Our database of patients diagnosed with BPH from 2015 to 2020 was used to obtain echocardiography and electrocardiogram data. Inclusion criteria were BPH patients taking BBs. International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire were used to evaluate the urinary symptoms and quality of life. Among 448 patients with BPH (69.2 ± 10.9 years) taking BBs, 219 patients took carvedilol (48.9%) and 229 patients took a non-carvedilol BB (51.1%; bisoprolol, 184 patients, 80% or nebivolol, 45 patients, 20%). Difference in the baseline characteristics was not observed. During the median 36-month follow-up, a lower incidence of arrhythmic events (P = .029), total urologic events (P < .001), and less use of additive alpha-blocker was observed in the carvedilol group (P = .022). In multivariate analysis, less carvedilol use (P = .019), heart failure (P < .001), stroke (P < .001), and cardiomyopathy (P = .046) were independent risk factors for arrhythmic events. In addition, less carvedilol use (P = .009) and older age (P = .005) were independent risk factors for urologic events based on BB type at the median 36-month follow-up. The use of carvedilol was associated with less arrhythmic events in BPH patients with palpitation and decreased the incidence of urologic events in BPH compared with the use of non-carvedilol BBs in long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Su Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Bong Joon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Su Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Heo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Sang Kim
- Department of Urology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Il Im
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Ibrahim Fouad G, Ahmed KA. Remyelinating activities of Carvedilol or alpha lipoic acid in the Cuprizone-Induced rat model of demyelination. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110125. [PMID: 37028277 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with unknown etiology, MS is featured by multifocal demyelinated lesions distributed throughout the brain. It is assumed to result from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors, including nutrition. Therefore, different therapeutic approaches are aiming to stimulate remyelination which could be defined as an endogenous regeneration and repair of myelin in the central nervous system. Carvedilol is an adrenergic receptor antagonist. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a well-known antioxidant. Herein, we investigated the remyelination potential of Carvedilol or ALA post-Cuprizone (CPZ) intoxication. Carvedilol or ALA (20 mg/kg/d) was administrated orally for two weeks at the end of the five weeks of CPZ (0.6%) administration. CPZ provoked demyelination, enhanced oxidative stress, and stimulated neuroinflammation. Histological investigation of CPZ-induced brains showed obvious demyelination in the corpus callosum (CC). Both Carvedilol and ALA demonstrated remyelinating activities, with corresponding upregulation of the expression of MBP and PLP, the major myelin proteins, downregulation of the expression of TNF-α and MMP-9, and decrement of serum IFN-γ levels. Moreover, both Carvedilol and ALA alleviated oxidative stress, and ameliorated muscle fatigue. This study highlights the neurotherapeutic potential of Carvedilol or ALA in CPZ-induced demyelination, and offers a better model for the exploring of neuroregenerative strategies. The current study is the first to demonstrate a pro-remyelinating activity for Carvedilol, as compared to ALA, which might represent a potential additive benefit in halting demyelination and alleviating neurotoxicity. However, we could declare that Carvedilol showed a lower neuroprotective potential than ALA.
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Ahmed SA, Mohammed WI. Carvedilol induces the antiapoptotic proteins Nrf 2 and Bcl 2 and inhibits cellular apoptosis in aluminum-induced testicular toxicity in male Wistar rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111594. [PMID: 33878623 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to explore the protective effect of carvedilol (CARV) on aluminum chloride-induced testicular damage in Westar rats. Forty adult male rats, aged 8 weeks, were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 rats each). Group I (control group) received normal saline; whereas group II animals were supplemented with CARV in a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Group III received AlCl3 (30 mg/kg/day) whereas group IV was co-administered CARV and AlCl3 as the same doses in group II and III respectively. The route of the application was oral gavage for CARV and I.P for AlCl3 for 20 successive days. Exposure of rats to AlCl3 for 20 consecutive days resulted in a significant decrease in serum and testicular superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, serum testosterone level, and sperm count and motility; on the other hand, an increase in nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, aluminum, and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. Furthermore, histopathological changes in the testis exhibited marked testicular damage. In addition, it revealed a significant up-regulation in the level of the expression for the apoptotic marker; Caspase-3, and down-regulation in antiapoptotic marker Bcl2 and Nrf2 genes. On the other hand, the co-administration of CARV modulated the biochemical parameters, saved sperm count and motility, and the histopathological findings, also, restored the observed changes in Caspase-3, Bcl2, and Nrf2 transcriptional genes. These data suggested that administration of CARV protects against AlCl3 induced testicular oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptosis damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt.
| | - Walaa I Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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Magadmi RM, Alsulaimani MA, Al-Rafiah AR, Ahmad MS, Esmat A. Carvedilol Exerts Neuroprotective Effect on Rat Model of Diabetic Neuropathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:613634. [PMID: 33927613 PMCID: PMC8077026 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.613634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) commonly occurs in diabetics, affecting approximately 50% of both type 1 and 2 diabetic patients. It is a leading cause of non-traumatic amputations. Oxidative stress could play a key role in the pathophysiology of DN. This study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of carvedilol on STZ-induced DN in rats. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats (weighing 200–250 g) were randomly divided into five groups (six/group), where group 1 (negative control) received only the vehicle (0.5% of carboxymethyl cellulose orally 1 ml/kg). DN was induced by a single injection of remaining rats with streptozotocin (STZ; 50 mg/kg, i.p.). After diabetes induction, group 2 served as the diabetic untreated animals; while groups 3 and 4 were treated with carvedilol (1 and 10 mg/kg/d, orally, respectively). Group 5 received a-lipoic acid as a reference neuroprotective (100 mg/kg/d, orally). All treatments were continued for 45 days after diabetes induction, followed by behavioural tests. After sacrificing the animals, dorsal root ganglia, and sciatic nerves were collected for histopathological examination and biochemical assessments. Briefly, STZ administration caused cold allodynia, induced oxidative stress, and increased nerve growth factor (NGF) concentration. Nevertheless, carvedilol improved the behavioural tests, ameliorated the oxidative imbalance as manifested by reducing malondialdehyde, restoring glutathione content, and superoxide dismutase activity. Carvedilol also decreased NGF concentration in DRG homogenate. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the neuroprotective effect of carvedilol in an experimentally induced DN rat model through–at least partly–its antioxidant effect and reduced NGF concentration in DRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Magadmi
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mujahid A Alsulaimani
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziza R Al-Rafiah
- Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saeed Ahmad
- King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kaczmarek K, Lemiński A, Gołąb A, Słojewski M. Survival differences of patients with ureteral versus pelvicalyceal tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:603-612. [PMID: 34025829 PMCID: PMC8130483 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.89893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Worse survival in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in the presence of a tumour in the ureter vs. pelvicalyceal tumours is reported in some studies; however, the definition of ureteral involvement (UI) varies across studies. We systematically evaluated evidence regarding the prognostic role of UI in overall and cancer-specific survival of patients with UTUC. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Knowledge was performed in March 2018. RESULTS The results were presented as a comparison between ureteral vs. pelvicalyceal tumours. A total of 14,895 patients were identified. Cumulative analyses indicated that UI worsens cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS), with a pooled HR of 1.52 (p < 0.001) and 1.39 (p = 0.004), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis identified UI in UTUC as an adverse prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Kaczmarek
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Artur Lemiński
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adam Gołąb
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Słojewski
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Yuvanc E, Tuglu D, Ozan T, Kisa U, Balci M, Batislam E, Yilmaz E. Evaluation of pheniramine maleate and zofenopril in reducing renal damage induced by unilateral ureter obstruction. An experimental study. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:812-817. [PMID: 34025852 PMCID: PMC8130462 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.88320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obstruction of the ureter may occur due to congenital, iatrogenic or other reasons. This can cause hydronephrosis in the early stage and can lead to cellular inflammation, necrosis and atrophy in the kidney tissue. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the protective effect of pheniramine maleate (PM) and zofenopril on renal damage caused by hydronephrosis due to unilateral partial ureter obstruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1: sham group, group 2: partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO) group, group 3: PUUO + PM group, group 4: PUUO + zofenopril group. Paraoxonase (PON), total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) of tissue and blood samples were measured and calculated. Tissue samples were evaluated histopathologically. RESULTS An increase in tissue TAS and a decrease in tissue TOS and OSI levels were detected in groups 3 and 4 compared to group 2 (both: p < 0.01). Tissue PON levels showed an increase in groups 3 and 4 compared to groups 1 and 2 (both: p < 0.01). Histopathological evaluation showed a decrease in interstitial inflammation and congestion in groups 3 and 4 compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The decrease was observed to be more significant in group 4 compared to group 3 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In our experimental study, we observed that PM and zofenopril reduce the oxidation and tissue damage caused by unilateral partial obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Yuvanc
- Department of Urology, Kirikkale University School of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Devrim Tuglu
- Department of Urology, Kirikkale University School of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Tunc Ozan
- Department of Urology, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ucler Kisa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kirikkale University School of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Mahi Balci
- Department of Pathology, Kirikkale University School of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ertan Batislam
- Department of Urology, Kirikkale University School of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Erdal Yilmaz
- Department of Urology, Kirikkale University School of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Essam M, Barakat N, Elkashef A, Awadalla A, Behery AE, Abdel-Maboud M. Functional and molecular evaluation of using aliskiren during acute and chronic partial ureteral obstruction in rat solitary kidney. Life Sci 2020; 265:118811. [PMID: 33259867 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To study the effect of direct renin inhibitor (aliskiren) on the renal function during acute and chronic partial ureteral obstruction (PUO) in rat solitary kidney. MAIN METHODS Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three groups (20 rats each); sham, PUO and aliskiren groups. Right nephrectomy was performed in all groups. Rats in PUO and aliskiren groups were subjected to left PUO and received no treatment and aliskiren (10 mg/kg, orally, once per day till sacrification), respectively. Blood samples were then collected for biochemical measurements. Ten rats from each group were sacrificed after two weeks, while the remaining rats were sacrificed after four weeks. Left kidneys were harvested for histopathological examination, BCL-2, interleukin (IL)-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, collagen I and fibronectin relative gene expression and assessment of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) activity. KEY FINDINGS After two and four weeks of PUO, aliskiren significantly recompensed the rise of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Aliskiren also revealed significantly better histopathological results regarding cortical and medullary necrosis, regeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration. Aliskiren group showed statistically significant up-regulation of BCL-2 and down-regulation of IL-6, TGF-β1, collagen I and fibronectin relative gene expression. Aliskiren significantly increased GSH and SOD activity and reduced MDA and NO activity. Moreover, aliskiren administration for four weeks after PUO significantly yielded more renoprotective effect compared to its administration for two weeks. SIGNIFICANCE Aliskiren ameliorates the deterioration of the renal function during acute and chronic PUO in a solitary kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Essam
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Barakat
- Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elkashef
- Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Amira Awadalla
- Center of Excellence for Genome and Cancer Research, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - A E Behery
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdel-Maboud
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Nephroprotective Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus Extracts and Carvedilol on Ethylene Glycol-Induced Urolithiasis: Roles of NF-κB, p53, Bcl-2, Bax and Bak. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091317. [PMID: 32937925 PMCID: PMC7565610 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the nephroprotective effects of Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus aqueous extracts and carvedilol on hyperoxaluria-induced urolithiasis and to scrutinize the possible roles of NF-κB, p53, Bcl-2, Bax and Bak. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of mushrooms’ aqueous extracts were also performed and revealed the presence of multiple antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components. Hyperoxaluria was induced in Wistar rats through the addition of 0.75% (v/v) ethylene glycol in drinking water for nine weeks. The ethylene glycol-administered rats were orally treated with Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus aqueous extracts (100 mg/kg) and carvedilol (30 mg/kg) daily during the last seven weeks. The study showed that Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus bisporus and carvedilol all successfully inhibited ethylene glycol-induced histological perturbations and the elevation of serum creatinine, serum urea, serum and urinary uric acid, serum, urinary and kidney oxalate, urine specific gravity, kidney calcium, kidney NF-κB, NF-κB p65, NF-κB p50, p53, Bax and Bak expressions as well as serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels. Moreover, the treatment decreased the reduction in urinary creatinine, urinary urea, ratios of urinary creatinine to serum creatinine and urinary urea to serum urea, Fex Urea and Bcl-2 expression in kidney. In conclusion, although Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus extracts and carvedilol all significantly inhibited the progression of nephrolithiasis and showed nephroprotective effects against ethylene glycol-induced kidney dysfunction, Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus seemed to be more effective than carvedilol. Moreover, the nephroprotective effects may be mediated via affecting NF-κB activation, extrinsic apoptosis and intrinsic apoptosis pathways.
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Gwon MG, An HJ, Kim JY, Kim WH, Gu H, Kim HJ, Leem J, Jung HJ, Park KK. Anti-fibrotic effects of synthetic TGF-β1 and Smad oligodeoxynucleotide on kidney fibrosis in vivo and in vitro through inhibition of both epithelial dedifferentiation and endothelial-mesenchymal transitions. FASEB J 2019; 34:333-349. [PMID: 31914629 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901307rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is a common process of various kidney diseases leading to end-stage renal failure irrespective of etiology. Myofibroblasts are crucial mediators in kidney fibrosis through production of extracellular matrix (ECM), but their origin has not been clearly identified. Many study proposed that epithelial and endothelial cells become myofibroblasts by epithelial dedifferentiation and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). TGF-β1/Smad signaling plays a crucial role in partly epithelial-mensencymal transition (EMT) and EndoMT. Thus, we designed the TGF-β1/Smad oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), a synthetic short DNA containing complementary sequence for Smad transcription factor and TGF-β1 mRNA. Therefore, this study investigated the anti-fibrotic effect of synthetic TGF-β1/Smad ODN on UUO-induced kidney fibrosis in vivo model and TGF-β1-induced in vitro model. To examine the effect of TGF-β1/Smad ODN, we performed various experiments to evaluate kidney fibrosis. The results showed that UUO induced inflammation, ECM accumulation, epithelial dedifferentiation and EndoMT processes, and tubular atrophy. However, synthetic TGF-β1/Smad ODN significantly suppressed UUO-induced fibrosis. Furthermore, synthetic ODN attenuated TGF-β1-induced epithelial dedifferentiation and EndoMT program via blocking TGF-β1/Smad signaling. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that administration of synthetic TGF-β1/Smad ODN attenuates kidney fibrosis, epithelial dedifferentiation, and EndoMT processes. The findings propose the possibility of synthetic ODN as a new effective therapeutic tool for kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Gyeong Gwon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin An
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Hae Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Gu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Jung
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Mohammed SG, Ibrahim IAH, Mahmoud MF, Mahmoud AA. Carvedilol protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in high-fructose/high-fat diet-fed mice: Role of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and 5. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 382:114750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Kırdağ MK, Tuğlu D, Yuvanç E, Kısa Ü, Balcı M, Batislam E, Yılmaz E. The effect of coenzyme Q and selenium on kidney in rats with partial unilateral ureteral obstruction. Turk J Urol 2018; 45:S70-S77. [PMID: 30461382 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2018.22556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant effects of selenium and coenzyme Q on renal damage in a partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO) in a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups as Group 1 Control Group, Group 2, PUUO Group, Group 3 PUUO + coenzyme Q group, Group 4 PUUO + selenium group. Paraoxonase (PON), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant levels (TOS) were analyzed biochemically from tissue and blood samples. Tissue samples were examined histopathologically. RESULTS The TAC in the tissues was found to be statistically significantly increased in Groups 3 and 4, compared to Group 2. Tissue TOS was found to be significantly reduced in Groups 3 and 4, compared to Group 2. Serum PON levels were significantly increased in Group 3 and 4, compared to Group 1 and 2. Histopathological examination showed that interstitial inflammation and congestion were lesser in the coenzyme Q and selenium groups than in the PUUO group. A more significant decrease was found in the selenium group than in the coenzyme Q group. CONCLUSION Our study results showed that coenzyme Q and selenium reduced the oxidation and the damage in tissue in PUUO in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Koray Kırdağ
- Department of Urology, Kırıkkale University School of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Devrim Tuğlu
- Department of Urology, Kırıkkale University School of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Ercan Yuvanç
- Department of Urology, Kırıkkale University School of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Üçler Kısa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kırıkkale University School of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Mahi Balcı
- Department of Pathology, Kırıkkale University School of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Ertan Batislam
- Department of Urology, Kırıkkale University School of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Erdal Yılmaz
- Department of Urology, Kırıkkale University School of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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Zheng W, Li D, Gao X, Zhang W, Robinson BO. Carvedilol alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:479-487. [PMID: 30651825 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by structural and functional changes in the myocardium. Several studies have revealed that myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis occur during DCM. Studies have also indicated that oxidative stress may be a major factor associated with the development of DCM. Protein kinase C (PKC)β2 has been demonstrated to be activated in diabetic rats, and overexpression of PKCβ2 in the myocardium may result in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. The P66shc adaptor protein, which is mediated by PKCβ, serves an important role in apoptosis during oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the PKCβ2/P66shc oxidative stress pathway is associated with DCM, and to investigate the role and mechanisms of carvedilol in preserving cardiac function. Experimental diabetic rat models were induced by streptozotocin treatment accompanied by high energy intake. Carvedilol was orally administrated at a dose of 1 or 10 mg/kg/day. Cardiac function was evaluated by serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level and cardiac ultrasound. Myocardial inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and fibrosis were assessed by histopathological and echocardiographic analyses and tests for oxidative markers. Associated proteins and factors were examined by immunohistochemical and western blot analyses. Rats in the diabetes mellitus group exhibited significantly decreased systolic cardiac function along with elevated expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-PKCβ2, phos-P66shc, caspase-3, malondialdehyde, collagen type I, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, which were accompanied by disorder in metabolic processes. Treatment with carvedilol reversed these changes. Thus, the present results suggest that the PKCβ2/P66shc signaling pathway may be associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy; furthermore, carvedilol, as a novel β-receptor blocker, may protect the myocardium from injury by suppressing the myocardial inflammatory response, fibrosis, P66shc-mediated oxidative stress and subsequent apoptosis in myocardial tissue. Consequently, carvedilol may have potential as a therapy for the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Zheng
- Fourth Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- First Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Barry O Robinson
- Department of Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Services, Brookwood Health Hospital, Birmingham, AL 35211, USA
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Sancak EB, Tan YZ, Turkon H, Silan C. Attenuation of partial unilateral ureteral obstruction - induced renal damage with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a rat model. Int Braz J Urol 2017; 43:946-956. [PMID: 28191789 PMCID: PMC5678529 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2016.0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of HBO therapy on biochemical parameters, renal morphology and renal scintigraphy in rats undergoing chronic unilateral partial ureteral obstruction (UPUO). MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-five rats were divided into five equal groups: Control group; Sham group; HBO group; UPUO group and UPUO/HBO group. The effects of HBO therapy were examined using biochemical parameters and histopathological changes. After calculating the score for each histopathological change, the total histopathological score was obtained by adding all the scores. In addition, dynamic renal scintigraphy findings were evaluated. RESULTS Serum parameters indicating inflammation, serum tumor necrosis factoralpha, ischemia modified-albumin, IMA/albumin ratio and Pentraxin-3 levels, were observed to be high in the UPUO group and low in the UPUO/HBO treatment group. Similarly, in the treatment group, the reduction in malondialdehyde, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index levels and increase in total antioxidant capacity values were observed to be statistically significant compared to the UPUO group (p<0.001, p=0.007, p<0.001, p=0.001, respectively). The total score and apoptosis index significantly decreased after administration of HBO treatment. Dynamic 99mTc-MAG3 renal scintigraphy also showed convincing evidence regarding the protective nature of HBO against kidney injury. In the UPUO/HBO therapy group, the percentage contribution of each operated kidney increased significantly compared to the UPUO group (41.73% versus 32.72%). CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that HBO therapy had a reno-protective effect by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and preserving renal function after renal tissue damage due to induction of UPUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyup Burak Sancak
- Department of Urology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ziya Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Hakan Turkon
- Department of Biochemistry, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Coskun Silan
- Department of Pharmacology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale, Turkey
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Ozturk H, Firat T, Tekce BK, Yilmaz F, Ozturk H. Effects of nicorandil on renal function and histopathology in rats with partial unilateral ureteral obstruction. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:236-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Zheng W, Shang X, Zhang C, Gao X, Robinson B, Liu J. The Effects of Carvedilol on Cardiac Function and the AKT/XIAP Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Rats. Cardiology 2016; 136:204-211. [PMID: 27780169 DOI: 10.1159/000450825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by cardiac dysfunction, myocardial inflammation, interstitial fibrosis and cardiomyocytes apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of carvedilol on cardiac function and the AKT/XIAP signaling pathway in DCM rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group, diabetic mellitus (DM) group and DM with carvedilol treatment group. DM rats were induced by streptozotocin accompanied by high energy intake. Carvedilol was orally administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. After 16 weeks, the interrelated blood data were detected by biochemical analysis. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography and the serum NT-proBNP level. The changes of myocardium ultrastructural and fibrosis were determined by electron microscopy and Masson's staining. Apoptotic cells were examined by TUNEL staining and interrelated proteins were measured by immunohistochemical and Western blots. RESULTS Rats in the DM group showed significant serum elevation of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, NT-proBNP, IL-1β and TNF-α, along with decreased cardiac function. Moreover, in the DM group, the levels of myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis were all increased accompanied by upregulation of caspase-3 and downregulation of phos-AKT and phos-XIAP, whereas carvedilol treatment prevented or reversed all the changes without influencing plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride. CONCLUSIONS The AKT/XIAP signaling pathway may be involved in DCM. Carvedilol can improve cardiac function, possibly not only by upregulating the AKT/XIAP antiapoptotic signaling pathway and subsequently attenuating myocardial fibrosis, but also through suppressing the myocardial inflammation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Özsoy AZ, Nursal AF, Arıcı A, Bütün İ, Uysal M, Irmak Sapmaz H, Kunt İşgüder Ç, Yılmaz Doğru H, Taş U. Effects of carvedilol on an ischemia/reperfusion model: Biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 42:1132-40. [PMID: 27170505 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of carvedilol (CVD) on experimentally induced ovarian ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. METHODS An ovarian I/R model was applied to rats, classified into three groups: 1 (n = 7), sham operated (control); 2 (n = 7), 3 h ischemia + 3 h reperfusion (I/R); 3 (n = 7), 3 h ischemia + CVD + 3 h reperfusion (I/R + CVD). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in ovarian tissues and serum were measured. Tissue damage was examined histopathologically; Bax and caspase-3 expression was determined immunhistochemically. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to show apoptotic cell death. RESULTS MDA levels in ovarian tissues were significantly increased in the I/R group compared with the control. CVD administration significantly decreased tissue MDA levels in the I/R + CVD in comparison with the I/R group. GSH-Px activities in serum were higher in the I/R + CVD than in the I/R group. SOD activities in tissue and serum were significantly decreased in the I/R compared with the control group. Histological examination showed a significant improvement in ovarian morphology in the I/R + CVD compared with the I/R group. Bax and caspase-3 protein was more strongly expressed in the I/R group compared with the control and I/R + CVD groups. Apoptotic index detected by TUNEL assay was significantly increased in the I/R and decreased in the I/R + CVD group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that CVD reduces the deleterious effects of oxidative damage on ovaries in a rat I/R model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asker Zeki Özsoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Feyda Nursal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetic, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Akgül Arıcı
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - İlknur Bütün
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Murat Uysal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Hilal Irmak Sapmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Kunt İşgüder
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yılmaz Doğru
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Taş
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Fatani AJ, Al-Hosaini KA, Ahmed MM, Abuohashish HM, Parmar MY, Al-Rejaie SS. Carvedilol attenuates inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. Drug Dev Res 2016; 76:204-14. [PMID: 26109469 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research This study evaluated the effects of the carvedilol, a nonselective β-adrenoceptor anatgonist with α1-adrenoceptor antagonist activity, in a rat model of experimentally induced ulcerative colitis (UC). UC was produced using acetic acid (AA) in animals previously treated with carvedilol (30 mg/kg po, qd) for seven days. Mucus content, lipid peroxidation (LPO) products, sulfhydryl groups, antioxidant enzyme activities, proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide levels were measured in colonic tissues and histopathological changes were assessed. LPO and proinflammatory biomarkers were markedly increased, while mucus content, sulfhydryl groups and enzymatic activities were inhibited in animals administered AA. Pretreatment with carvedilol attenuated LPO elevation, mucus content and sulfhydryl group inhibitions. Antioxidant enzymatic activity and proinflammatory biomarker levels were also restored in carvedilol-pretreated animals. Colonic protection associated with carvedilol pretreatment was further confirmed by histopathological assessment and found to be similar to the standard therapy of mesalazine (100 mg/kg po qd), suggesting that the effects of carvedilol action may be attributable to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal J Fatani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11544, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled A Al-Hosaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11544, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11544, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem M Abuohashish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11544, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mihir Y Parmar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11544, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11544, Saudi Arabia
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Parlaktas BS, Atilgan D, Gencten Y, Akbas A, Markoc F, Erdemir F, Ozyurt H, Uluocak N. The effects of carvedilol on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat testis. Int Braz J Urol 2014; 40:109-17. [PMID: 24642157 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2014.01.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the oxidative damage and histopathological alterations caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and ameliorative effects of carvedilol (CVD) in the rat testis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one male rats were randomized into 3 groups as follows: Group I (n = 7); control (sham) group, Group II (n = 7); I/R group, in which I/R injury was performed by torsing the left testis 720 ° clockwise for 2 hours and detorsing for 2 hours. Group III (n = 7); CVD treatment group; in addition to I/R process, one-dose of CVD was administered (2mg/kg, i.p) 30 min. before detorsion. Levels of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) were determined in testicular tissues and serum of rats. Testicular tissues were also examined histopathologically and Johnsen scores were determined. RESULTS Activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum and testicular tissues were increased by I/R, but administration of CVD decreased these levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Significantly increased MDA levels in serum and testicular tissues were decreased by CVD treatment (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Concerning PC levels in serum and testicular tissues, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.989 and p = 0.428). There was not a statistically significant difference in terms of mean Johnsen scores between the groups (p = 0.161). CONCLUSIONS Administration of CVD decreased oxidative damage biochemically in the rat testis caused by I/R injury, but histopathologically no change was observed betwe¬en all of the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Parlaktas
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - D Atilgan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Y Gencten
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - A Akbas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - F Markoc
- Department of Pathology (FM), Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - F Erdemir
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - H Ozyurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - N Uluocak
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Carvedilol ameliorates early diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:105214. [PMID: 24991534 PMCID: PMC4065664 DOI: 10.1155/2014/105214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy results in end-stage renal disease. On the other hand, carvedilol has been reported to have various pharmacological properties. The aim of this study therefore is to evaluate the possible protective effect of carvedilol on streptozotocin-induced early diabetic nephropathy and various mechanisms underlie this effect in rats. Single i.p. injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) was administered to induce early diabetic nephropathy in Wistar rats. Oral administration of carvedilol at a dose level of 1 and 10 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks resulted in nephroprotective effect as evident by significant decrease in serum creatinine level, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, and kidney index as well as renal levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor- α , and cyclooxygenase-2 with a concurrent increase in creatinine clearance and renal reduced glutathione level compared to diabetic untreated rats. The protective effect of carvedilol was confirmed by renal histopathological examination. The electron microscopic examination indicated that carvedilol could effectively ameliorate glomerular basement membrane thickening and podocyte injury. In conclusion, carvedilol protects rats against streptozotocin-induced early diabetic nephropathy possibly, in part, through its antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory activities, and ameliorating podocyte injury.
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Erdemir F. How to write a materials and methods section of a scientific article? Turk J Urol 2013; 39:10-5. [PMID: 26328129 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2013.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to past centuries, scientific researchers have been currently conducted systematically in all countries as part of an education strategy. As a consequence, scientists have published thousands of reports. Writing an effective article is generally a significant problem for researchers. All parts of an article, specifically the abstract, material and methods, results, discussion and references sections should contain certain features that should always be considered before sending a manuscript to a journal for publication. It is generally known that the material and methods section is a relatively easy section of an article to write. Therefore, it is often a good idea to begin by writing the materials and methods section, which is also a crucial part of an article. Because "reproducible results" are very important in science, a detailed account of the study should be given in this section. If the authors provide sufficient detail, other scientists can repeat their experiments to verify their findings. It is generally recommended that the materials and methods should be written in the past tense, either in active or passive voice. In this section, ethical approval, study dates, number of subjects, groups, evaluation criteria, exclusion criteria and statistical methods should be described sequentially. It should be noted that a well-written materials and methods section markedly enhances the chances of an article being published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikret Erdemir
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
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