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Targeting matrix stiffness-induced activation of retinal pigment epithelial cells through the RhoA/YAP pathway ameliorates proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108677. [PMID: 34147507 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition-induced mechanical matrix stiffness plays a key role in promoting retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell activation and the subsequent development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Human ARPE-19 cells were cultured on either 50 kappa (stiff) or 0.5 kappa (soft) gel-coated coverslips. Reverse and knockdown experiments were carried out to establish a model of matrix stiffness-induced activation in ARPE-19 cells in vitro. A PVR mouse model was established by the intravitreal injection of dispase. The effects of RhoA/YAP signalling blockade on matrix stiffness-induced ARPE-19 cell activation and PVR-induced retinal fibrosis were determined by using a combination of the Yes-associated protein (YAP) inhibitor verteporfin and the RhoA inhibitor C3 exoenzyme. Matrix stiffness stimulated YAP nuclear translocation and expression in ARPE-19 cells. The effect of YAP activation was dependent on F-actin cytoskeleton polymerization and RhoA activity, forming the RhoA/YAP signalling pathway. Upstream pharmacological blockade of RhoA by C3 exoenzyme or downstream blockade of YAP by verteporfin reduced the invasion, migration, and MMP expression of ARPE-19 cells and collagen gel contraction. Furthermore, blockade of RhoA/YAP signalling reduced PVR-induced retinal fibrogenesis and inhibited the TGF-β/Smad pathway in vivo. RhoA/YAP signalling modulates matrix stiffness-induced activation of ARPE-19 cells. Targeting this signalling pathway could alleviate PVR-induced retinal fibrosis and suggests attractive novel therapeutic strategies for intervening in the progression of PVR.
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Meng LH, Chen YX. Lipid accumulation and protein modifications of Bruch's membrane in age-related macular degeneration. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:766-773. [PMID: 34012894 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.05.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive retinal disease, which is the leading cause of blindness in western countries. There is an urgency to establish new therapeutic strategies that could prevent or delay the progression of AMD more efficiently. Until now, the pathogenesis of AMD has remained unclear, limiting the development of the novel therapy. Bruch's membrane (BM) goes through remarkable changes in AMD, playing a significant role during the disease course. The main aim of this review is to present the crucial processes that occur at the level of BM, with special consideration of the lipid accumulation and protein modifications. Besides, some therapies targeted at these molecules and the construction of BM in tissue engineering of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells transplantation were listed. Hopefully, this review may provide a reference for researchers engaged in pathogenesis or management on AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hui Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - You-Xin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Murphy AR, Truong YB, O'Brien CM, Glattauer V. Bio-inspired human in vitro outer retinal models: Bruch's membrane and its cellular interactions. Acta Biomater 2020; 104:1-16. [PMID: 31945506 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degenerative disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, however, treatments to completely stop the progression of these debilitating conditions are non-existent. Researchers require sophisticated models that can accurately represent the native structure of human retinal tissue to study these disorders. Current in vitro models used to study the retina are limited in their ability to fully recapitulate the structure and function of the retina, Bruch's membrane and the underlying choroid. Recent developments in the field of induced pluripotent stem cell technology has demonstrated the capability of retinal pigment epithelial cells to recapitulate AMD-like pathology. However, such studies utilise unsophisticated, bio-inert membranes to act as Bruch's membrane and support iPSC-derived retinal cells. This review presents a concise summary of the properties and function of the Bruch's membrane-retinal pigment epithelium complex, the initial pathogenic site of AMD as well as the current status for materials and fabrication approaches used to generate in vitro models of this complex tissue. Finally, this review explores required advances in the field of in vitro retinal modelling. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Retinal degenerative disorders such as age-related macular degeneration are worldwide leading causes of blindness. Previous attempts to model the Bruch's membrane-retinal pigment epithelial complex, the initial pathogenic site of age-related macular degeneration, have lacked the sophistication to elucidate valuable insights into disease mechanisms. Here we provide a detailed account of the morphological, physical and chemical properties of Bruch's membrane which may aid the fabrication of more sophisticated and physiologically accurate in vitro models of the retina, as well as various fabrication techniques to recreate this structure. This review also further highlights some recent advances in some additional challenging aspects of retinal tissue modelling including integrated fluid flow and photoreceptor alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Murphy
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Yen B Truong
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Carmel M O'Brien
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Science, Technology, Research and Innovation Precinct (STRIP), Monash University, Clayton Campus, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Thakur A, Mishra S, Pena J, Zhou J, Redenti S, Majeska R, Vazquez M. Collective adhesion and displacement of retinal progenitor cells upon extracellular matrix substrates of transplantable biomaterials. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731417751286. [PMID: 29344334 PMCID: PMC5764132 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417751286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies to replace retinal photoreceptors lost to damage or disease rely upon the migration of replacement cells transplanted into sub-retinal spaces. A significant obstacle to the advancement of cell transplantation for retinal repair is the limited migration of transplanted cells into host retina. In this work, we examine the adhesion and displacement responses of retinal progenitor cells on extracellular matrix substrates found in retina as well as widely used in the design and preparation of transplantable scaffolds. The data illustrate that retinal progenitor cells exhibit unique adhesive and displacement dynamics in response to poly-l-lysine, fibronectin, laminin, hyaluronic acid, and Matrigel. These findings suggest that transplantable biomaterials can be designed to improve cell integration by incorporating extracellular matrix substrates that affect the migratory behaviors of replacement cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Thakur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shawn Mishra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Pena
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Biology, Lehman College, Bronx, NY, USA.,Biology, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Redenti
- Department of Biology, Lehman College, Bronx, NY, USA.,Biology, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.,Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Majeska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maribel Vazquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.,Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Retinal fibrosis, characterized by dysregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition by retinal endothelial cells, pigment epithelial cells, and other resident cell-types, is a unifying feature of several common retinal diseases. Fibronectin is an early constituent of newly deposited ECM and serves as a template for assembly of other ECM proteins, including collagens. Under physiologic conditions, fibronectin is found in all layers of Bruch's membrane. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), a complication of retinal surgery, is characterized by ECM accumulation. Among the earliest histologic manifestations of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is capillary basement membrane thickening, which occurs due to perturbations in ECM homeostasis. Neovascularization, the hallmark of late stage DR as well as exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), involves ECM assembly as a scaffold for the aberrant new vessel architecture. Rodent models of retinal injury demonstrate a key role for fibronectin in complications characteristic of PVR, including retinal detachment. In mouse models of DR, reducing fibronectin gene expression has been shown to arrest the accumulation of ECM in the capillary basement membrane. Alterations in matrix metalloproteinase activity thought to be important in the pathogenesis of AMD impact the turnover of fibronectin matrix as well as collagens. Growth factors involved in PVR, AMD, and DR, such as PDGF and TGFβ, are known to stimulate fibronectin matrix assembly. A deeper understanding of how pathologic ECM deposition contributes to disease progression may help to identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854-5635, USA
| | - Greg Budoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854-5635, USA
| | - Jonathan L Prenner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854-5635, USA
- NJ Retina, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-2066, USA
| | - Jean E Schwarzbauer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA
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Chang YC, Chang YS, Hsieh MC, Wu HJ, Wu MH, Lin CW, Wu WC, Kao YH. All-trans retinoic acid suppresses the adhering ability of ARPE-19 cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase and focal adhesion kinase. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 132:262-270. [PMID: 27919568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the signaling mechanism underlying the anti-adhesive effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells. Adhesion kinetics with or without ATRA treatment were profiled by adhesion assay. Surface coating with type IV collagen, fibronectin, laminin, but not type I collagen, significantly enhanced adhesion and spreading of ARPE-19 cells, while ATRA at subtoxic doses (ranging from 10-7 to 10-6 M) profoundly suppressed the extracellular matrix-enhanced adhesion ability. Cell attachment on FN activated PI3K/Akt and MAPK cascades, whereas ATRA pretreatment blunted the early phosphorylation of Akt and MAPK signaling mediators including p38 MAPK, JNK1/2, and ERK1/2. Mechanistically, signaling blockade with selective kinase inhibitors demonstrated that all MAPK pathways were involved in the anti-adhesive effect of ATRA, whereas the PI3K inhibitor treatment significantly potentiated the ATRA-suppressed RPE cell adhesion. Moreover, ATRA treatment did not affect intracellular F-actin distribution, but remarkably reduced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression and its nuclear localization during ARPE-19 cell attachment. In conclusion, ATRA suppresses the adhering ability of ARPE-19 cells at least in part through MAPK and FAK pathways. Signaling blockade with PI3K inhibitor could be regarded as an alternative modality for treating proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Chen Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shin Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chu Hsieh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jiun Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsien Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Hsien Kao
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
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Su CC, Chan CM, Chen HM, Wu CC, Hsiao CY, Lee PL, Lin VCH, Hung CF. Lutein inhibits the migration of retinal pigment epithelial cells via cytosolic and mitochondrial Akt pathways (lutein inhibits RPE cells migration). Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:13755-67. [PMID: 25110866 PMCID: PMC4159823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150813755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the course of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells will de-differentiate, proliferate, and migrate onto the surfaces of the sensory retina. Several studies have shown that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) can induce migration of RPE cells via an Akt-related pathway. In this study, the effect of lutein on PDGF-BB-induced RPE cells migration was examined using transwell migration assays and Western blot analyses. We found that both phosphorylation of Akt and mitochondrial translocation of Akt in RPE cells induced by PDGF-BB stimulation were suppressed by lutein. Furthermore, the increased migration observed in RPE cells with overexpressed mitochondrial Akt could also be suppressed by lutein. Our results demonstrate that lutein can inhibit PDGF-BB induced RPE cells migration through the inhibition of both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chieh Su
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University,New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Ming Chan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Min Chen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University,New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Chun Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Chang Guang University of Science and Technology,Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Lan Lee
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America,Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Victor Chia-Hsiang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University,New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
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