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Dzidotor GK, Moorhead JB, Ude CC, Ogueri KS, Ghosh D, Laurencin CT. Functions and Effectiveness of Unloader, Patellofemoral, and Knee Sleeve Orthoses: A Review. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2024; 10:147-171. [PMID: 38983777 PMCID: PMC11233114 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-023-00313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Knee orthoses have been extensively used as a nonsurgical approach to improving knee deficiencies. Currently, arthritic knee conditions remain the leading cause of disability, and this number is expected to increase. As the use of knee orthoses varies widely, so has their effectiveness which is still largely debatable. Here, we present the functions and effectiveness of the three most prominent knee orthotic models dedicated to supporting knee osteoarthritis-unloader, patellofemoral, and knee sleeves. Purpose/Research Question Considering the depth and diversity of the many clinical studies and documented laboratory reports published to date, this literature review was created to educate the clinician, patient, and researcher on common knee orthoses used for the management of arthritic knee conditions. In doing so, we discuss their design, biomechanical effects, and clinical efficacy, as well as broader outcomes, limitations, and recommendations for use. Results/Synthesis The knee orthoses discussed within the scope of this paper are dedicated to protecting the knee against strenuous compressive loads that may affect the patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joints of the knee. Since the knee has multiple axes of motion and articulating surfaces that experience different loads during functional activities, it can be implied that, to a large extent, knee brace designs can differ drastically. Unloader knee orthoses are designed to decrease tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint pressures. Patellofemoral knee orthoses are designed to decrease strain on the patellofemoral and quadriceps tendons while stabilizing the patella. Knee sleeves are designed to stabilize movements, reduce pain in joints, and improve proprioception across the knee joint. Conclusion Although patients often report benefits from wearing braces, these benefits have not been confirmed by clinicians and scientific investigators. Results from these three orthosis types show that clinical efficacy is still elusive due to the different methodologies used by researchers. Layman Summary Knee orthoses also referred to as knee brace are commonly used for support and stability of the knee. Unloader knee braces are designed to relieve and support those suffering from knee osteoarthritis by improving physical impairment and reducing pain. Patellofemoral knee braces aim to help patients manage patellofemoral pain syndrome. Rehabilitative compression sleeves, also known as knee sleeves, are often used to assist patients suffering from knee pain and laxity. Important findings on the three knee braces discussed show discrepancies in results. Their effectiveness and validity are yet to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin K. Dzidotor
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Moorhead
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Chinedu C. Ude
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Ogueri
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Debolina Ghosh
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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Ghai S, Nilson F, Gustavsson J, Ghai I. Influence of compression garments on proprioception: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1536:60-81. [PMID: 38722733 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Compression garments (CGs) are commonly used in rehabilitation and sports contexts to enhance performance and speed up recovery. Despite the growing use of CGs in recent decades, there is no unanimous consensus on their overall influence on joint proprioception. In this current meta-analysis, we aim to fill this knowledge gap by assessing the impact of CGs on joint proprioception. We conducted a literature search across seven databases and one registry. Ultimately, we included 27 studies with 671 participants. The meta-analysis revealed that wearing CGs resulted in a significant reduction in absolute error during joint position sensing (Hedges' g: -0.64, p = 0.006) as compared to no CGs. However, further analyses of variables such as constant error (p = 0.308), variable error (p = 0.541) during joint position sense tests, threshold to detect passive motion (p = 0.757), and active movement extent discrimination (p = 0.842) did not show a significant impact of CGs. The review also identified gaps in the reporting of certain outcomes, such as parameters of CGs, reporting of performance, individual-reported outcomes, and lack of placebo comparators. Consequently, this review provides guidelines for future studies that may facilitate evidence-based synthesis and ultimately contribute to a better understanding of the overall influence of CGs on joint proprioception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Ghai
- Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
- Centre for Societal Risk Research, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Finn Nilson
- Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
- Centre for Societal Risk Research, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
- Institute of Civil Society Research, Marie Cederschiold University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Gustavsson
- Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
- Centre for Societal Risk Research, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Ishan Ghai
- School of Life Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Mohd Sharif NA, Usman J, Wan Safwani WKZ, Siew Li G, Abdul Karim S, Mohamed NA, Khan SS, Khan SJ. Effects of simple knee sleeves on pain and knee adduction moment in early unilateral knee osteoarthritis. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2019; 233:1132-1140. [PMID: 31597554 DOI: 10.1177/0954411919874614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Knee sleeves are often prescribed to alleviate pain in people with early knee osteoarthritis. However, the biomechanics underlying their pain-relieving effect are still not well understood. This pre-post study aims at evaluating and comparing the effects of two different types of knee sleeves on knee adduction moment. Patients with clinically diagnosed knee osteoarthritis were recruited from the University of Malaya Medical Centre and were randomly assigned to two test groups using (1) a simple knee sleeve and (2) a simple sleeve with patella cutout. Knee adduction moment was collected using the Vicon motion capture system with two Kistler force plates. Pain, stiffness and physical functions were recorded using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. All measurements were taken before, immediately after and at the completion of 6 weeks of application (primary time point). In total, 17 participants with early unilateral knee osteoarthritis (47.7 (9.7) years) completed the study. Overall results show significant reduction in pain, early stance and late stance knee adduction moment and increased walking speed after 6 weeks of both knee sleeves application. This study results suggest that knee sleeves can reduce knee adduction moments in early unilateral knee osteoarthritis by 14.0% and 12.1% using the simple sleeve and the sleeve with patella cutout, respectively, and can potentially delay disease progression. In addition, knee sleeve with patella cutout does not provide additional benefits when compared to the simple knee sleeve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Usman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Applied Biomechanics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Goh Siew Li
- Sports Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Samihah Abdul Karim
- Sports Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Anisah Mohamed
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soobia Saad Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saad Jawaid Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Ramstrand N, Gjøvaag T, Starholm IM, Rusaw DF. Effects of knee orthoses on kinesthetic awareness and balance in healthy individuals. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng 2019; 6:2055668319852537. [PMID: 31428444 PMCID: PMC6683322 DOI: 10.1177/2055668319852537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Conflicting evidence exists regarding the effects of knee orthoses on proprioception. One belief is that pressure applied by orthoses heightens kinesthetic awareness and that this affects balance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two different orthosis designs on kinesthetic awareness and balance in healthy individuals. Methods Twenty individuals (13 women) participated in this case series study. Each was tested wearing 1/no orthosis, 2/soft elastic orthosis and 3/non-elastic jointed orthosis. Pressure under orthoses was recorded. Kinesthetic awareness was investigated by testing joint position sense and threshold to detection of passive motion. Balance was tested using a modified sensory organization test. Results Non-elastic jointed orthoses applied the greatest pressure to the knee. With non-elastic jointed orthoses, threshold to detection of passive motion was significantly poorer for pooled results (p = 0.02) and when the start position of the knee was 70° (mean threshold = 0.6°, 0.6°, 0.7° for no-orthosis, elastic and jointed-orthoses; p = 0.03). No major differences were observed in JPS or balance and correlation between proprioception and balance was poor. Conclusions There may be a limit to the amount of pressure that should be applied to the knee joint by an orthosis. Exceeding this limit may compromise kinesthetic awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerrolyn Ramstrand
- CHILD Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Terje Gjøvaag
- KiM Research Group, Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Marie Starholm
- KiM Research Group, Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - David F Rusaw
- ADULT Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping, Sweden
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Effects of prophylactic knee bracing on knee joint kinetics and kinematics during single- and double-limb post-catch deceleration strategies in university netballers. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Moon J, Kim H, Lee J, Panday SB. Effect of wearing a knee brace or sleeve on the knee joint and anterior cruciate ligament force during drop jumps: A clinical intervention study. Knee 2018; 25:1009-1015. [PMID: 30121150 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee braces are considered to be extremely useful tools in reducing the shear force of knee joints for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention. However, the effectiveness of sports knee braces and sleeves remains to be identified. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of wearing commercialized sports knee braces and sleeves on knee kinematics, kinetics, and ACL force during drop jumps using musculoskeletal modeling analysis. METHODS Musculoskeletal modeling analysis was conducted on 19 male alpine skiers who performed drop jump motions from a 40-cm box under three conditions: without a brace/sleeve, with a brace, and while wearing a neoprene sleeve. RESULTS The physical performance (i.e., the center of mass of the jumping height) was not affected by the type of brace or sleeve. However, wearing a brace or sleeve during drop jump tasks reduced the knee joint's maximum flexion, abduction angles, and adduction moment. The knee joint shear force when wearing the brace or sleeve exhibited no statistical differences. Further, the ACL load estimated in this study did not exhibit any statistical differences in relation to wearing a brace or sleeve. CONCLUSIONS The knee braces and sleeves reduced flexion and abduction movement, and adduction moment but did not reduce the knee joint shear force, internal rotation moment, or the ACL force. Therefore, if a sports knee brace that controls the knee joint's shear force and internal rotation moment is developed, it may aid in preventing ACL injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeheon Moon
- Department of Sports Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Division of Liberal Arts and Science, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jusung Lee
- Department of Leisure Sports, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Republic of Korea
| | - Siddhartha Bikram Panday
- Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ko CY, Chang Y, Jeong B, Kang S, Ryu J, Kim G. Effects of knee sleeves on coordination of lower-limb segments in healthy adults during level walking and one-leg hopping. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3340. [PMID: 28533981 PMCID: PMC5438577 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of multisegment coordination is important in gaining a better understanding of the gait and physical activities in humans. Therefore, this study aims to verify whether the use of knee sleeves affects the coordination of lower-limb segments during level walking and one-leg hopping. Eleven healthy male adults participated in this study. They were asked to walk 10 m on a level ground and perform one-leg hops with and without a knee sleeve. The segment angles and the response velocities of the thigh, shank, and foot were measured and calculated by using a motion analysis system. The phases between the segment angle and the velocity were then calculated. Moreover, the continuous relative phase (CRP) was calculated as the phase of the distal segment subtracted from the phase of the proximal segment and denoted as CRPTS (thigh–shank), CRPSF (shank–foot), and CRPTF (thigh–foot). The root mean square (RMS) values were used to evaluate the in-phase or out-of-phase states, while the standard deviation (SD) values were utilized to evaluate the variability in the stance and swing phases during level walking and in the preflight, flight, and landing phases during one-leg hopping. The walking velocity and the flight time improved when the knee sleeve was worn (p < 0.05). The segment angles of the thigh and shank also changed when the knee sleeve was worn during level walking and one-leg hopping. The RMS values of CRPTS and CRPSF in the stance phase and the RMS values of CRPSF in the preflight and landing phases changed (p < 0.05 in all cases). Moreover, the SD values of CRPTS in the landing phase and the SD values of CRPSF in the preflight and landing phases increased (p < 0.05 in all cases). These results indicated that wearing a knee sleeve caused changes in segment kinematics and coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yong Ko
- Research Team, Rehabilitation Engineering Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhee Chang
- Research Team, Rehabilitation Engineering Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Jeong
- Research Team, Rehabilitation Engineering Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjae Kang
- Research Team, Rehabilitation Engineering Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeicheong Ryu
- Research Team, Rehabilitation Engineering Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoosuk Kim
- Research Team, Rehabilitation Engineering Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Mohd Sharif NA, Goh SL, Usman J, Wan Safwani WKZ. Biomechanical and functional efficacy of knee sleeves: A literature review. Phys Ther Sport 2017; 28:44-52. [PMID: 28673759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee sleeves are widely used for the symptomatic relief and subjective improvements of knee problems. To date, however, their biomechanical effects have not been well understood. OBJECTIVE To determine whether knee sleeves can significantly improve the biomechanical variables for knee problems. METHOD Systematic literature search was conducted on four online databases - PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Springer Link - to find peer-reviewed and relevant scientific papers on knee sleeves published from January 2005 to January 2015. Study quality was assessed using the Structured Effectiveness Quality Evaluation Scale (SEQES). RESULTS Twenty studies on knee sleeves usage identified from the search were included in the review because of their heterogeneous scope of coverage. Twelve studies found significant improvement in gait parameters (3) and functional parameters (9), while eight studies did not find any significant effects of knee sleeves usage. CONCLUSION Most improvements were observed in: proprioception for healthy knees, gait and balance for osteoarthritic knees, and functional improvement of injured knees. This review suggests that knee sleeves can effect functional improvements to knee problems. However, further work is needed to confirm this hypothesis, due to the lack of homogeneity and rigor of existing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahdatul Aishah Mohd Sharif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Li Goh
- Sports Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juliana Usman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Applied Biomechanics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Effects of joint stabilizers on proprioception and stability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys Ther Sport 2017; 25:65-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Torres BT, Fu YC, Sandberg GS, Budsberg SC. Pelvic limb kinematics in the dog with and without a stifle orthosis. Vet Surg 2017; 46:642-652. [PMID: 28198549 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a method of evaluating 3-dimensional joint motion in dogs with a stifle orthosis. STUDY DESIGN Experimental. ANIMALS Six healthy dogs. METHODS Three-dimensional pelvic limb joint motion was recorded with and without a stifle orthosis. Kinematic data were collected from dogs at a walk and trot for the hip, stifle, and tarsus prior to, and after application of, a stifle orthosis. Data were also obtained for the orthosis alone. Comparisons were made between the braced and unbraced limb, and between the braced limb and the orthosis alone. Complete waveforms, kinematic, and temporospatial variables were compared. RESULTS Gait waveforms differed between braced and unbraced limbs for all joints and planes of motion (P < .05), as well as between the braced stifles and the orthosis alone at both a walk and trot. However, joint ROM was inconsistently altered. The effect of bracing on stifle ROM was limited to a reduced extension at the end of stance. Adjacent joint ROM was affected by the stifle orthosis. Temporospatial variables were predominantly affected while walking. CONCLUSIONS The restrictive motion of the stifle orthosis is not fully translated to the underlying joint, based on the limited differences between the motion of braced and unbraced stifles. This effect varies with plane of motion and phase of the gait cycle, with most changes in stifle motion being detected during the stance phase. The stifle orthosis had an equal or greater effect on the motion of adjacent joints, especially the tarsus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T Torres
- The Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Yang-Chieh Fu
- The Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
| | - Gabriella S Sandberg
- The Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia
| | - Steven C Budsberg
- The Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia
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Pavailler S, Hintzy F, Horvais N, Forestier N. Cutaneous stimulation at the ankle: a differential effect on proprioceptive postural control according to the participants' preferred sensory strategy. J Foot Ankle Res 2016; 9:9. [PMID: 26958080 PMCID: PMC4782337 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-016-0140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ankle movements can be partially encoded by cutaneous afferents. However, little is known about the central integration of these cutaneous signals, and whether individual differences exist in this integration. The aim of this study was to determine whether the effect of cutaneous stimulation at the ankle would differ depending on the participants’ preferred sensory strategy appraised by relative proprioceptive weighting (RPw). Methods Forty-seven active young individuals free of lower-limb injury stood on a force platform either barefoot or wearing a custom-designed bootee. Vibrations (60 Hz, 0.5 mm) were applied either to the peroneal tendons or to the lumbar paraspinal muscles. Results The barefoot RPw was strongly negatively correlated to the absolute change in RPw measured in the bootee condition (r = −0.81, P < 0.001). Participants were then grouped depending on their barefoot RPw value. The RPw was significantly higher in the bootee condition than in the barefoot condition only for participants with low barefoot RPw. Conclusions The external cutaneous stimulation given by the bootee increased the weight of ankle proprioceptive signals only for participants with low barefoot RPw. This result confirmed that optimization of the ankle proprioceptive signals provided by cutaneous afferent stimulation has a differential effect depending on the participants’ preferred sensory strategy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13047-016-0140-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Pavailler
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Savoie, UFR SceM - Technolac, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac, France ; Salomon SAS, Amer Sports Footwear Innovation and Sport Science Lab, 14 chemin des Croiselets, 74996 Annecy, Cedex 9 France
| | - Frédérique Hintzy
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Savoie, UFR SceM - Technolac, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac, France
| | - Nicolas Horvais
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Savoie, UFR SceM - Technolac, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac, France ; Salomon SAS, Amer Sports Footwear Innovation and Sport Science Lab, 14 chemin des Croiselets, 74996 Annecy, Cedex 9 France
| | - Nicolas Forestier
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Savoie, UFR SceM - Technolac, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac, France
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Abstract
Exoprostheses are devices that are secured to incomplete limbs to enable locomotion. By comparison, orthoses are devices externally applied to support or protect an injured body part. Orthoses also can be used to control, guide, protect, limit motion of, or immobilize an extremity, a joint, or a body segment. Exoprostheses and orthoses are a growing aspect of the physical rehabilitation of companion animals. They require precise design and fabrication. Patients and owners must be trained to use the devices. Exoprostheses and orthoses can have a profound beneficial impact on the mobility and the quality of life of companion animals.
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Marchini A, Lauermann SP, Minetto MA, Massazza G, Maffiuletti NA. Differences in proprioception, muscle force control and comfort between conventional and new-generation knee and ankle orthoses. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2014; 24:437-44. [PMID: 24726380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare muscle force control and proprioception between conventional and new-generation experimental orthoses. Sixteen healthy subjects participated in a single-blind controlled trial in which two different types of orthosis were applied to the dominant knee or ankle, while the following variables were evaluated: muscle force control (accuracy), joint position sense, kinesthesia, static balance as well as subjective outcomes. The use of experimental orthoses resulted in better force accuracy during isometric knee extensions compared to conventional orthoses (P=0.005). Moreover, the use of experimental orthoses resulted in better force accuracy during concentric (P=0.010) and eccentric (P=0.014) ankle plantar flexions and better knee joint kinesthesia in the flexed position (P=0.004) compared to conventional orthoses. Subjective comfort (P<0.001) and preference scores were higher with experimental orthoses compared to conventional ones. In conclusion, orthosis type affected static and dynamic muscle force control, kinesthesia, and perceived comfort in healthy subjects. New-generation experimental knee and ankle orthoses may thus be recommended for prophylactic joint bracing during physical activity and to improve the compliance for orthosis use, particularly in patients who require long-term bracing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marchini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S P Lauermann
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M A Minetto
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G Massazza
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - N A Maffiuletti
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.
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