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Yıldırım C, Demirel M, Ekinci M, Öztürk S, Bozdağ SE. Biomechanical Comparison of Uniplanar versus Biplanar Lateral Opening-wedge Distal Femoral Osteotomy Techniques in Terms of Risk for Medial Hinge Fracture. J Knee Surg 2024; 37:623-630. [PMID: 38113914 DOI: 10.1055/a-2232-4971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of osteotomy type on the initial stiffness of the bone-implant construct in lateral opening-wedge distal femoral osteotomy (LOWDFO) using a uniplanar compared with a biplanar technique has been investigated. However, no study has explored the biomechanical risk factors for medial hinge fracture. This study aimed to compare the biomechanical strength of uniplanar versus biplanar LOWDFO regarding the risk for medial hinge fracture during gap opening. Twelve composite femora were divided into two groups (six in each group) based on the distal femoral osteotomy technique: uniplanar versus biplanar LOWDFO. All LOWDFO models were subjected to incremental static loading. The gap distance was expanded by 1 mm, and displacement values were recorded as anterior and posterior gap distances (mm). The average force values of all samples at certain gap distances were recorded, and the head distance was measured. The uniplanar group had higher load values than the biplanar group at all anterior gap distances. These differences were only significant at 2- and 3-mm gap distances (p = 0.025 and 0.037). At all posterior gap distances, the uniplanar group had higher load values than the biplanar group, but these differences only reached statistical significance at 2 mm (p = 0.037). Both groups had similar anterior, posterior, and average gap distances (p = 0.75, 0.522, 0.873). The uniplanar group had a higher head insertion distance (15.3 ± 5.7) than the biplanar group (14.7 ± 2.9), but it was not significant (p = 0.87). The uniplanar group had a lower average load before medial hinge fracture (46.41 ± 13.91 N) than the biplanar group (54.92 ± 31.94, p = 0.81). The biplanar group had an average maximum load value of 64.18 ± 25.6 N, while the uniplanar group had 57.90 ± 12.21 N (p = 0.81). This study revealed that the biplanar osteotomy technique allows a wider opening wedge gap with less risk of a medial hinge fracture than uniplanar LOWDFO.Level of evidence was level 3, case-control series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Yıldırım
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Demirel
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, İstanbul University, Istanbul School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ekinci
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Simge Öztürk
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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An JS, Jacquet C, Loddo G, Mabrouk A, Koga H, Argenson JN, Ollivier M. Deformity in valgus knee malalignment is not only in the femur but also in tibia or both, based on demographic and morphological analysis before and after knee osteotomies. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:1087-1095. [PMID: 38506121 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to identify the demographic and morphological features of valgus knee deformity with unilateral osteoarthritic knee in the coronal plane. A secondary aim was to identify the distinct phenotypes of valgus knees in Hirschmann's phenotype and the coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) classifications before and after a knee osteotomy (KO). METHODS A total of 107 patients (57 female and 50 male) with a mean age of 42.4 ± 17.2 years, who underwent varisation osteotomy for symptomatic unilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA) and constitutional valgus deformity, were enrolled in the study, and the mean follow-up period was 29.1 ± 7.3 months. The included cases comprised 60 cases of distal femoral osteotomy, 10 cases of double-level osteotomy and 33 cases of high tibial osteotomy. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative clinical, functional and radiological evaluations, analysed by analysis of variance tests. RESULTS An analysis of the location of the valgus deformities demonstrated that 56 cases (52.3%) were femoral based, 18 cases (16.8%) were both femoral and tibial based and 33 cases (30.9%) were tibial based. Twelve preosteotomy cases (11.2%) and 38 postosteotomy cases (35.5%) matched the most common eight Hirschmann's phenotypes, phenotyping the coronal lower limb alignment based on the native alignment in young patients without OA. Four (3.7%) preosteotomy cases and 89 postosteotomy cases (83.1%) matched the most common three CPAK phenotypes (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅴ) based on constitutional alignment and joint line obliquity in healthy and osteoarthritic knees. CONCLUSION In valgus knee malalignment, the location of the deformity is not only solely femoral-based but also solely tibial-based or combined femoral and tibial-based. An individualised osteotomy approach would be recommended to achieve careful preoperative planning that considers the location of the deformity and the resultant joint line. Hirschmann's and CPAK classification would not be relevant when KO is considered. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level Ⅳ, retrospective case-control study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung An
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Institute du Mouvement et de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christophe Jacquet
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Institute du Mouvement et de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Glauco Loddo
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Institute du Mouvement et de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Ahmed Mabrouk
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Institute du Mouvement et de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jean-Noël Argenson
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Institute du Mouvement et de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Ollivier
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Institute du Mouvement et de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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Peez C, Grosse-Allermann A, Deichsel A, Raschke MJ, Glasbrenner J, Briese T, Wermers J, Herbst E, Kittl C. Additional Plate Fixation of Hinge Fractures After Varisation Distal Femoral Osteotomies Provides Favorable Torsional Stability: A Biomechanical Study. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:3732-3741. [PMID: 37936394 PMCID: PMC10691291 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231206947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hinge fractures are considered risk factors for delayed or nonunion of the osteotomy gap in distal femoral osteotomies (DFOs). Limited evidence exists regarding the treatment of hinge fractures after DFO, which could improve stability and thus bone healing. PURPOSE To (1) examine the effect of hinge fractures on the biomechanical properties of the bone-implant construct, (2) evaluate the biomechanical advantages of an additional fixation of a hinge fracture, and (3) test the biomechanical properties of different types of varisation DFOs. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 32 fresh-frozen human distal femora equally underwent medial closing wedge DFO or lateral opening wedge DFO using a unilateral locking compression plate. The following conditions were serially tested: (1) preserved hinge; (2) hinge fracture along the osteotomy plane; (3) screw fixation of the hinge fracture; and (4) locking T-plate fixation of the hinge fracture. Using a servo-hydraulic materials testing machine, we subjected each construct to 15 cycles of axial compression (400 N; 20 N/s) and internal and external rotational loads (10 N·m; 0.5 N·m/s) to evaluate the stiffness. The axial and torsional hinge displacement was recorded using a 3-dimensional optical measuring system. Repeated-measures 1-way analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni correction were used for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS Independent from the type of osteotomy, a fractured hinge significantly (P < .001) increased rotational displacement and reduced stiffness of the bone-implant construct, resulting in ≥1.92 mm increased displacement and ≥70% reduced stiffness in each rotational direction, while the axial stiffness remained unchanged. For both procedures, neither a screw nor a plate could restore intact rotational stiffness (P < .01), while only the plate was able to restore intact rotational displacement. However, the plate always performed better compared with the screw, with significantly higher and lower values for stiffness (+38% to +53%; P < .05) and displacement (-55% to -72%; P < .01), respectively, in ≥1 rotational direction. At the same time, the type of osteotomy did not significantly affect axial and torsional stability. CONCLUSION Hinge fractures after medial closing wedge DFO and lateral opening wedge DFO caused decreased bone-implant construct rotational stiffness and increased fracture-site displacement. In contrast, the axial stiffness remained unchanged in the cadaveric model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE When considering an osteosynthesis of a hinge fracture in a DFO, an additional plate fixation was the construct with the highest stiffness and least displacement, which could restore intact hinge rotational displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Peez
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Arian Grosse-Allermann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Adrian Deichsel
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael J. Raschke
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Glasbrenner
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thorben Briese
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Wermers
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elmar Herbst
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Kittl
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Kaibara T, Kondo E, Matsuoka M, Iwasaki K, Onodera T, Momma D, Iwasaki N. Medial closed-wedge distal femoral osteotomy with local bone grafts for large collapsed steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the lateral femoral condyle: A case report. J Orthop Sci 2023; 28:1470-1477. [PMID: 34364755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kaibara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Eiji Kondo
- Centre for Sports Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Masatake Matsuoka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Koji Iwasaki
- Department of Functional Reconstruction for the Knee Joint, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Onodera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Momma
- Centre for Sports Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
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Machado A, Micicoi L, Ernat J, Schippers P, Bernard de Dompsure R, Bronsard N, Gonzalez JF, Micicoi G. Normo-or slightly overcorrection show better results after medial closing wedge high tibial osteotomy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:4276-4284. [PMID: 37326635 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objectives of this study were to evaluate functional results, revision-free survival, and the influence of postoperative alignment on outcomes after MCWHTO. METHODS This retrospective study included 27 MCWHTO operated on from 2009 to 2021. Radiographic measurements were performed pre- and postoperatively. The HKA (Hip-Knee-Ankle angle), MPTA (Medial Proximal Tibial angle), LDFA (Lateral Distal Femoral Angle), JLO (Joint Line Obliquity), and JLCA (Joint Line Convergence Angle) were evaluated. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the International Knee Society (IKS) Function and Knee Score, and the Subjective Knee Value (SKV) as well as revision-free survival were evaluated. Postoperative alignment and its influence on clinical outcomes were also analysed. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 61.9 months ± 31.4 (13-124). The HKA, MPTA, and JLCA angles were decreased post-operatively (respectively, Δ = 5.9° ± 2.6, p < 0.001; Δ = 6.1° ± 3.2, p < 0.001 and Δ = 2.5° ± 1.9, p < 0.001). LDFA and JLO were unchanged, post-operatively (respectively, Δ = 0.1° ± 2.2, p = 0.93 and Δ = 1.2° ± 3.3, p = 0.23). Postoperative HKA correlated with knee IKS (R = - 0.15, p = 0.04) and function IKS (R = - 0.44, p = 0.03). Postoperative LDFA correlated with knee IKS(R = 0.8, p < 0.01). Patients with postoperative HKA ≤ 180° had better KOOS (Δ = 12.3, p = 0.04) and IKS function (Δ = 28.1, p < 0.01) than those with HKA > 180°. CONCLUSION Functional results and revision-free survival after MCWHTO are satisfactory when the deformity is located in the proximal tibia. The joint line obliquity is not significantly altered with small tibial correction and, obtaining an overall neutral or slightly varus alignment under the conditions of this study allowed an improvement in the postoperative clinical scores. The literature is still inconclusive on the ideal alignment for valgus deformities and larger series are needed to draw definitive conclusions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Machado
- University Institute of Locomotor and Sports (iULS), Pasteur II Hospital, 30, voie Romaine, 06000, Nice, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Côte d'Azur (UR2CA), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Lolita Micicoi
- University Institute of Locomotor and Sports (iULS), Pasteur II Hospital, 30, voie Romaine, 06000, Nice, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Côte d'Azur (UR2CA), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Justin Ernat
- University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Philipp Schippers
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Régis Bernard de Dompsure
- University Institute of Locomotor and Sports (iULS), Pasteur II Hospital, 30, voie Romaine, 06000, Nice, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Côte d'Azur (UR2CA), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Bronsard
- University Institute of Locomotor and Sports (iULS), Pasteur II Hospital, 30, voie Romaine, 06000, Nice, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Côte d'Azur (UR2CA), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jean-François Gonzalez
- University Institute of Locomotor and Sports (iULS), Pasteur II Hospital, 30, voie Romaine, 06000, Nice, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Côte d'Azur (UR2CA), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Grégoire Micicoi
- University Institute of Locomotor and Sports (iULS), Pasteur II Hospital, 30, voie Romaine, 06000, Nice, France.
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Côte d'Azur (UR2CA), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
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Meisterhans M, Flury A, Zindel C, Zimmermann SM, Vlachopoulos L, Snedeker JG, Fucentese SF. Finite element analysis of medial closing and lateral opening wedge osteotomies of the distal femur in relation to hinge fractures. J Exp Orthop 2023; 10:33. [PMID: 36973592 PMCID: PMC10043162 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-023-00597-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intraoperative hinge fractures in distal femur osteotomies represent a risk factor for loss of alignment and non-union. Using finite element analysis, the goal of this study was to investigate the influence of different hinge widths and osteotomy corrections on hinge fractures in medial closed-wedge and lateral open-wedge distal femur osteotomies. METHODS The hinge was located at the proximal margin of adductor tubercle for biplanar lateral open-wedge and at the upper border of the lateral femoral condyle for biplanar medial closed-wedge distal femur osteotomies, corresponding to optimal hinge positions described in literature. Different hinge widths (5, 7.5, 10 mm) were created and the osteotomy correction was opened/closed by 5, 7.5 and 10 mm. Tensile and compressive strain of the hinge was determined in a finite element analysis and compared to the ultimate strain of cortical bone to assess the hinge fracture risk. RESULTS Doubling the correction from 5 to 10 mm increased mean tensile and compressive strain by 50% for lateral open-wedge and 48% for medial closed-wedge osteotomies. A hinge width of 10 mm versus 5 mm showed increased strain in the hinge region of 61% for lateral open-wedge and 32% for medial closed-wedge osteotomies. Medial closed-wedge recorded a higher fracture risk compared to lateral open-wedge osteotomies due to a larger hinge cross-section area (60-67%) for all tested configurations. In case of a 5 mm hinge, medial closed-wedge recorded 71% higher strain in the hinge region compared to lateral open-wedge osteotomies. CONCLUSION Due to morphological features of the medial femoral condyle, finite element analysis suggests that lateral-open wedge osteotomies are the preferable option if larger corrections are intended, as a thicker hinge can remain without an increased hinge fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Meisterhans
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Flury
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Zindel
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan M Zimmermann
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lazaros Vlachopoulos
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jess G Snedeker
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandro F Fucentese
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Diaz CC, Lavoie-Gagne OZ, Knapik DM, Korrapati A, Chahla J, Forsythe B. Outcomes of Distal Femoral Osteotomy for Valgus Malalignment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Closing Wedge Versus Opening Wedge Techniques. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:798-811. [PMID: 35156408 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211051740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valgus knee deformity increases the risk for lateral articular chondral damage, contributing to earlier onset and accelerated progression of osteoarthritis. Distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) unloads the lateral joint compartment and can be performed using closing wedge (CW) or opening wedge (OW) techniques. PURPOSE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis for patients with valgus knee deformity undergoing DFO to determine differences in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), complications, and survival rates, comparing CW versus OW DFO. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review, Level of evidence, 4. METHODS A literature review was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines utilizing PubMed, Cochrane Database, Ovid/MEDLINE, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies reporting outcomes in patients undergoing CW or OW DFO for the treatment of valgus knee deformities with symptomatic lateral compartment pathology with a minimum 2-year follow-up. PROMs and complications were analyzed using random-effects modeling to identify differences in outcomes as a function of surgical technique. Long-term survival data, defined as conversion to total knee arthroplasty, were analyzed using a multiple metaregression model as a function of individual study follow-up time points and surgical technique. RESULTS In total, we included 23 retrospective studies (n = 619 knees), of which 10 studies (n = 271 knees) reported outcomes after CW DFO and 13 studies (n = 348 knees) reported on OW DFO outcomes. Good to excellent clinical outcomes were reported in PROMs when compared with preoperative values with both techniques, while no significant differences between techniques were appreciated on functional Knee Society Scores and Tegner scores. No significant differences were appreciated in the incidence of complications reported in patients undergoing CW (20%) versus OW (33%) DFO (P = .432). Pain requiring hardware removal was the most commonly reported complication in both groups. The survival rate for CW DFO was 81.5% (mean follow-up, 8.8 ± 4.3 years) compared with 90.5% for OW DFO (mean follow-up, 4.5 ± 1.5 years). Multiple metaregression demonstrated that patient follow-up (P < .001) was significantly associated with knee survival, while surgical technique (P = .810) was not a predictor of clinical failure. CONCLUSIONS Both CW and OW DFO techniques were associated with good to excellent clinical outcomes with no significant differences in PROMs based on technique. Pain requiring hardware removal was the most common complication in both techniques, while long-term survivability was found to be a function of follow-up and not surgical technique. Technique selection should be based on shared patient-physician decision making with an emphasis on surgeon preference and technique familiarity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Chahla
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Koiwa S, Tsunoda T, Madachi A, Murashima R. Single-Stage Total Knee Arthroplasty and Open-Wedge Distal Femoral Osteotomy for Osteoarthritis with Femoral Shortening and Extra-Articular Varus Deformity: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2023; 13:01709767-202303000-00067. [PMID: 36947647 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.22.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
CASE A 76-year-old female patient with a history of pyogenic arthritis of the right knee in childhood presented with severe osteoarthritis of the right knee with 24-mm femoral shortening and severe extra-articular femoral varus deformity. She received single-stage total knee arthroplasty (TKA) combined with a medial open-wedge distal femoral osteotomy and achieved good postoperative clinical and radiological results. CONCLUSION This case illustrated that extra-articular open-wedge distal femoral osteotomy and TKA performed simultaneously may be efficacious for severe extra-articular deformities with femoral shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Koiwa
- Department of Orthopedics, Asama General Hospital, Saku City, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Orthopedics and Musculoskeletal Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Tsunoda
- Department of Orthopedics, Asama General Hospital, Saku City, Nagano, Japan
| | - Atsushi Madachi
- Department of Orthopedics, Asama General Hospital, Saku City, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Murashima
- Department of Orthopedics, Asama General Hospital, Saku City, Nagano, Japan
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Functional and Radiographic Results of Arthroscopy-Assisted Lateral Open-Wedge Distal Femur Osteotomy for Lateral Compartment Osteoarthritis with Valgus Knee. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010176. [PMID: 36614978 PMCID: PMC9821395 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Treating lower extremity malalignment-related knee osteoarthritis, especially valgus alignment, is a challenge. A high revision rate was observed with patients who underwent unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, so distal femur osteotomy has regained its popularity. This research aimed to evaluate the radiographic and functional outcomes of arthroscopy-assisted lateral open-wedge distal femur osteotomy (LOWDFO) for patients with lateral compartment osteoarthritis and valgus knees with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Our study retrospectively included isolated lateral osteoarthritis (Outerbridge grade 3 and grade 4) of the knee related to valgus alignment and a young age (<65 y/o) with the demand for a high-impact activity event. Preoperative and postoperative radiographic and functional outcomes were evaluated. Significant pre-operative and postoperative mechanical correction was observed with mechanical axis deviation (preop/postop: −28.77 ± 12.98/−9.45 ± 7.36, p < 0.001), hip-knee angle (preop/postop: 7.64 ± 3.62/2.68 ± 2.04, p < 0.001), and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA, preop/postop: 10.9 ± 4.14/5.66 ± 3.71, p < 0.001). The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score also showed improvement after the operation (preop/postop: 57.36 ± 11.98/79.02 ± 4.58, p = 0.002). In conclusion, lateral open-wedge distal femur osteotomy is effective in treating patients with lateral compartment osteoarthritis and valgus knees with a low complication rate and excellent outcome.
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Piovan G, Farinelli L, Screpis D, Iacono V, Povegliano L, Bonomo M, Auregli L, Zorzi C. Distal femoral osteotomy versus lateral unicompartmental arthroplasty for isolated lateral tibiofemoral osteoarthritis with intra-articular and extra-articular deformity: a propensity score-matched analysis. Knee Surg Relat Res 2022; 34:34. [PMID: 35851077 PMCID: PMC9290203 DOI: 10.1186/s43019-022-00164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lateral unicompartmental arthroplasty (UKA) and distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) represent surgical solutions in cases of valgus malalignment and isolated lateral osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical results, complications, and the overall postoperative alignment of a series of DFO and lateral UKA with a minimum 2-year follow-up in active middle-aged patients. Methods Patients with valgus knee and isolated lateral OA who underwent opening-wedge DFO or UKA from 2017 to 2019 were reviewed. Each patient was characterized by a joint line convergence angle (JLCA) > 3° and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) < 87°. We excluded patients who underwent meniscus or osteochondral allograft during DFO. The Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), complications, and postoperative alignment were assessed. Propensity score matching was used to identify comparable patients. Results The DFO and lateral UKA groups consisted of 29 patients each. No statistically significant differences in gender, age, body mass index (BMI), length of follow-up, or limb deformity were reported between the two groups. In the DFO group, OKS was reported to improve from 27.51 to 38.59 (p < 0.05) and KOOS from 51.14 to 67.2 (p < 0.05). Similarly, in the UKA group, OKS improved from 26.23 to 35.43 (p < 0.05) and KOOS from 50.12 to 65.91 (p < 0.05). However, the improvement in OKS and KOOS (delta) did not differ between groups (p = 0.35 and p = 0.95). The DFO and UKA groups were characterized by similar postoperative hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle measurements of −3.26 and −3.00, respectively (p = 0.65). No patients in the UKA group underwent revision or other knee surgeries during follow-up. No infections were detected in either group. In the DFO group, no cases of nonunion or delayed union were reported. However, 40% of DFO patients underwent plate removal. One patient in each group was characterized by progression of medial OA with Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade > 3. Conclusion UKA and DFO represent an effective treatment in lateral knee OA with intra-articular and extra-articular deformity. Both surgeries were able to provide a significant and comparable clinical improvement. Level of evidence: III, comparative retrospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Piovan
- Department of Orthopaedics, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Luca Farinelli
- Clinical Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Daniele Screpis
- Department of Orthopaedics, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Venanzio Iacono
- Department of Orthopaedics, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Povegliano
- Department of Orthopaedics, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Marco Bonomo
- Department of Orthopaedics, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Ludovica Auregli
- Department of Orthopaedics, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Claudio Zorzi
- Department of Orthopaedics, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
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11
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Role of Osteotomy and Tunnel Bone Grafting in Chronic Medial and Lateral Knee Injuries. OPER TECHN SPORT MED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otsm.2022.150913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Chang J, Chen T, Yan Y, Zhu Z, Han W, Zhao Y, Antony B, Wluka A, Winzenberg T, Cicuttini F, Ding C. Associations between the morphological parameters of proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) and changes in tibiofemoral joint structures in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:34. [PMID: 35086561 PMCID: PMC8793191 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To describe the longitudinal associations between the morphological parameters of proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) and joint structural changes in tibiofemoral compartments in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods The participants were selected from the Vitamin D Effects on Osteoarthritis (VIDEO) study. PTFJ morphological parameters were measured on coronal and sagittal MRI. The contacting area (S) of PTFJ and its projection areas onto the horizontal (load-bearing area, Sτ), sagittal (lateral stress-bolstering area, Sφ), and coronal plane (posterior stress-bolstering area, Sυ) were assessed. Knee structural abnormalities, including cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions (BMLs), and cartilage volume, were evaluated at baseline and after 2 years. Log binominal regression models and linear regression models were used to assess the associations between PTFJ morphological parameters and osteoarthritic structural changes. Results In the longitudinal analyses, the S (RR: 1.45) and Sτ (RR: 1.55) of PTFJ were significantly and positively associated with an increase in medial tibial (MT) cartilage defects. The Sτ (β: − 0.07), Sυ (β: − 0.07), and S (β: − 0.06) of PTFJ were significantly and negatively associated with changes in MT cartilage volume. The Sτ (RR: 1.55) of PTFJ was positively associated with an increase in MT BMLs, and Sφ (RR: 0.35) was negatively associated with an increase in medial femoral BMLs. Conclusions This longitudinal study suggests that higher load-bearing area of PTFJ could be a risk factor for structural changes in medial tibiofemoral (MTF) compartment in knee OA. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01176344 Anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12610000495022 Date of registration: 7 May 2010 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-022-02719-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chang
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedics, 4th Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yizhu Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, 4th Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhu
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Weiyu Han
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yi Zhao
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Department of Rheumatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Benny Antony
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Anita Wluka
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tania Winzenberg
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Flavia Cicuttini
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Changhai Ding
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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13
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刘 云, 谢 雪, 罗 从. [Research progress of osteotomy around knee in the treatment of valgus knee osteoarthritis]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2022; 36:111-116. [PMID: 35038808 PMCID: PMC8844620 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202108009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the research progress of surgical methods of osteotomy around the knee in the treatment of valgus knee osteoarthritis. METHODS The relevant literature on the surgical treatment of valgus knee osteoarthritis at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed, and the advantages, disadvantages, and effectiveness of different surgical methods of osteotomy around the knee were summarized. RESULTS For young and active patients with symptomatic valgus knee osteoarthritis, osteotomy around the knee is a safe and reliable treatment option. At present, the main surgical methods include medial closing wedge distal femoral osteotomy, lateral opening wedge distal femoral osteotomy, medial closing wedge high tibial osteotomy, and lateral opening wedge high tibial osteotomy. The indications, advantages, and disadvantages of different osteotomies are different, and the selection of appropriate surgical method is the key to achieve good effectiveness. CONCLUSION There are many osteotomies in the treatment of valgus knee osteoarthritis. In order to achieve good results, improve survival rate, and reduce postoperative complications, the most reasonable surgical strategy needs to be developed according to different situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- 云飞 刘
- 南京医科大学附属苏州科技城医院骨科(江苏苏州 215000)Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215000, P. R. China
| | - 雪涛 谢
- 南京医科大学附属苏州科技城医院骨科(江苏苏州 215000)Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215000, P. R. China
| | - 从风 罗
- 南京医科大学附属苏州科技城医院骨科(江苏苏州 215000)Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215000, P. R. China
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14
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Osteotomies for lateral compartment knee osteoarthritis. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2021; 25:101726. [PMID: 34956830 PMCID: PMC8671116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral compartment osteoarthritis (LCOA) is often associated with valgus deformity of the knee. The concept of correcting the alignment by performing distal femoral varus osteotomy (DFVO) to unload the lateral compartment is well accepted and it is viewed as the preferred option for young active patients due to dissatisfaction from arthroplasty under 55 years of age or if they wish to remain active. Beyond this there is no consensus on patient selection, preoperative assessment, techniques to achieve correction, end point of correction, return to work or sports post-surgery, and survivorship of osteotomy with conversion to a total knee replacement as the end point due to heterogenous, retrospective studies. Here, we review relevant literature to help patient selection, preoperative work up, techniques, and outcomes.
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15
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Agarwalla A, Liu JN, Garcia GH, Gowd AK, Puzzitiello RN, Yanke AB, Cole BJ. Return to Sport following Isolated Lateral Opening Wedge Distal Femoral Osteotomy. Cartilage 2021; 13:846S-852S. [PMID: 32449382 PMCID: PMC8808905 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520924775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. The aims of this study were to (1) examine the timeline of return to sport (RTS) following isolated lateral opening wedge distal femoral osteotomy (DFO), (2) evaluate the degree of participation on RTS, and (3) identify risk factors for failure to RTS. Methods. Nineteen consecutive patients undergoing isolated lateral opening wedge DFO were reviewed retrospectively at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. Patients completed a sports questionnaire, visual analogue scale for pain (VAS-Pain), Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation (SANE), and a satisfaction questionnaire. Results. Seventeen patents (89.5%; age 32.1 ± 10.1 years; gender 9 males, 52.9%) were contacted at 7.3 ± 4.4 years (range 2.0-13.8 years). Twelve patients (70.6%) resumed playing ≥1 sport at an average time of 9.5 ± 3.3 months (range 3-12 months). Of these 12 patients, 6 returned to a lower level of participation (50.0%). Seven patients (41.2%) had returned to the operating room for further surgery, which included removal of hardware (5.9%) and total knee arthroplasty (5.9%). The average VAS-Pain, SANE, and Marx scores were 3.4 ± 2.6 (range 0-8), 56.2 ± 18.7 (range 20-85), and 5.0 ± 5.3 (range 0-16), respectively. Fourteen patients (82.4%) were at least somewhat satisfied with their procedure. Conclusion. In patients with isolated lateral compartment osteoarthritis and valgus deformity, lateral opening wedge DFO allows 70.6% of patients to RTS by 9.5 ± 3.3 months. However, most patients may be unable to return to their presymptomatic level of function. Patient expectations regarding RTS can be appropriately managed with adequate preoperative patient education. Level of Evidence. IV, case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinesh Agarwalla
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Joseph N. Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loma
Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | - Anirudh K. Gowd
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake
Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Adam B. Yanke
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush University
Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian J. Cole
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush University
Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Brian J. Cole, Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush
University Medical Center, Division of Sports Medicine, 1611 West Harrison
Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Valgus malalignment is an important risk factor in recurrent patella instability. This article explores the role of corrective osteotomy and discusses the various described methods both on the femoral and tibial sides of the joint. A detailed operative technique of medial closing wedge distal femoral osteotomy is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Taylor
- Department of Surgery, Fowler Kennedy Sports Medicine Clinic, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan Getgood
- Department of Surgery, Fowler Kennedy Sports Medicine Clinic, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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17
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Patient-Specific Instrument Guided Double Chevron-Cut Distal Femur Osteotomy. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11100959. [PMID: 34683100 PMCID: PMC8538705 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of non-union and prolonged periods of protected weight-bearing still remain unsolved issues after distal femur osteotomy (DFO). To improve the stability, we developed the double chevron-cut technique, which is a modified medial closing-wedge DFO guided by a patient-specific instrument. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and outcome of this operative approach. Twenty-five knees in twenty-three consecutive patients with genu valgum and lateral compartment osteoarthritis that received double chevron-cut DFO were included. The target of correction was 50% on the weight-bearing line (WBL) ratio. Patient-reported outcomes included the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and the 2011 Knee Society Score (KSS). The mean of the WBL ratio was corrected from 78.7% ± 12.0% to 48.7% ± 2.9% postoperatively. The mean time to full weight bearing was 3.7 ± 1.4 weeks. Union of the osteotomy was achieved at 11.3 ± 2.8 weeks. At a mean follow-up of 17 months, the OKS improved from a mean of 27.6 ± 11.7 to 39.1 ± 7.5 (p = 0.03), and the KSS from a mean of 92.1 ± 13.0 to 143.9 ± 10.2 (p < 0.001). Three patients developed complications, including one case of peri-implant fracture, one of loss of fixation, and one of non-union. The double chevron-cut DFO followed by immediate weight-bearing as tolerated is effective in treating genu valgum deformity and associated lateral compartment osteoarthritis.
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18
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Peng H, Ou A, Huang X, Wang C, Wang L, Yu T, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Osteotomy Around the Knee: The Surgical Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Orthop Surg 2021; 13:1465-1473. [PMID: 34110088 PMCID: PMC8313165 DOI: 10.1111/os.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis causes joint pain and functional disorder, of which knee osteoarthritis is the most common. Nowadays, clinically effective treatments mainly include conservative treatment, arthroplasty, and osteotomy. However, conservative treatment only offers symptomatic relief and arthroplasty is limited to the patients with a moderate to severe degree of osteoarthritis. For relatively young patients who require greater knee preservation, a surgical treatment with low operation trauma and revision rate is needed. Osteotomy around the knee, based on the notion of “knee preservation,” has been chosen as an alternative surgical treatment. Cutting and realigning the bones corrects the mechanical line of lower limb force bearing. As such, osteotomy around the knee retains normal anatomical structure and obtains good functional recovery of the knee joint. The techniques of osteotomy around the knee includes anti‐varus deformity and anti‐valgus deformity osteotomy, aiming to reallocate the force bearing in the compartment of the knee joint. By choosing the surgical section of the lower limbs, the osteotomy around the knee can achieve the correction of mechanical axis, such as the high tibial osteotomy (HTO), proximal fibular osteotomy (PFO), and distal femur osteotomy (DFO). Numerous modified techniques have been developed to meet the demands of patients based on traditional methods. These modified osteotomy have their own advantages and indications. This paper aims to guide clinical treatment by reviewing different types of osteotomies, and their effects, that have been studied and applied widely in clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Peng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Aichun Ou
- Department of Operating Room, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Institute of Traumatic Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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19
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Ten-year survival rate of 89% after distal femoral osteotomy surgery for lateral compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:594-599. [PMID: 32285155 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-05988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy, safety, and survival of distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) surgery for lateral compartment OA of the knee. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single UK centre, using prospectively collected data over an 8-year period (2009-2017). All patients had pre-operative radiographic analysis and digital planning of their deformity correction in addition to post-operative analysis of the achieved correction and yearly face-to-face follow-up. Complications (defined as an undesirable medical or surgical event as a direct result of the operation), reoperations, and failure (defined as conversion to arthroplasty or revision) were recorded. RESULTS From a total of 83 patients, 81 patients undergoing 86 primary DFOs were included in this study, with a mean follow-up of 99 months (SD 27 months). The mean pre-operative percentage Mikulicz point was 78.7% (SD 19.1%) and post-operative 35.9% (SD 14.8%). The mean accuracy of correction (intended correction - achieved correction) was an 8.2% overcorrection (SD 13.7%). The complication rate was 4.7%. Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, the mean survival was 113 months (95% CI 106-120) with the probability of surviving 10 years 89%. CONCLUSION DFO for valgus alignment and lateral compartment arthritis is associated with low complications, long-term joint preservation, and the prevention of arthroplasty surgery. However, the accuracy of correction still requires improvement in intra-operative technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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20
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Winkler PW, Rupp MC, Lutz PM, Geyer S, Forkel P, Imhoff AB, Feucht MJ. A hinge position distal to the adductor tubercle minimizes the risk of hinge fractures in lateral open wedge distal femoral osteotomy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:3382-3391. [PMID: 32833073 PMCID: PMC8458183 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the incidence and morphology of medial cortical hinge fractures in lateral open wedge distal femoral osteotomy (LOW-DFO) and to determine a safe zone for the position of the osteotomy hinge to minimize the risk of hinge fractures. METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent LOW-DFO for symptomatic valgus malalignment were screened for eligibility for this retrospective observational cohort study. Demographical and surgical data were collected. The incidence and morphology of medial cortical hinge fractures were evaluated on standard postoperative anterior-posterior knee radiographs. Comprehensive measurements evaluating the osteotomy gap and the position of the osteotomy hinge were taken. Additionally, each osteotomy hinge was assigned to a corresponding sector of a proposed five-sector grid of the distal medial femur. RESULTS A total of 100 patients (60% female) with a mean age of 31 ± 13 years were included. The overall incidence of medial cortical hinge fractures was 46% and three distinct fracture types were identified. The most frequently observed fracture type was extension of the osteotomy gap (76%), followed by a proximal (20%) and distal (4%) course of the fracture line in relation to the hinge. Group comparison (hinge fracture vs. no hinge fracture) showed statistically significant higher values for the height of the osteotomy gap (p = 0.001), the wedge angle (p = 0.036), and the vertical distance between the hinge and the proximal margin of the adductor tubercle (AT; p = 0.002) in the hinge fracture group. Furthermore, a significantly lower horizontal distance between the hinge and the medial cortical bone (p = 0.036) was observed in the hinge fracture group. A statistically significant higher incidence of medial cortical hinge fractures was observed when the position of the osteotomy hinge was proximal compared to distal to the proximal margin of the AT (53% vs. 27%; p = 0.023). CONCLUSION Medial cortical hinge fractures in LOW-DFO are a common finding with three distinct fracture types. To minimize the risk of medial cortical hinge fractures, it is recommended to aim for a position of the osteotomy hinge at the level of or distal to the proximal margin of the adductor tubercle. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic study; Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp W. Winkler
- Department for Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marco C. Rupp
- Department for Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Patricia M. Lutz
- Department for Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Geyer
- Department for Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Forkel
- Department for Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas B. Imhoff
- Department for Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias J. Feucht
- Department for Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany ,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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21
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Cotter EJ, Gowd AK, Bohl DD, Getgood A, Cole BJ, Frank RM. Medical Comorbidities and Functional Dependent Living Are Independent Risk Factors for Short-Term Complications Following Osteotomy Procedures about the Knee. Cartilage 2020; 11:423-430. [PMID: 30188188 PMCID: PMC7488949 DOI: 10.1177/1947603518798889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize rates and risk factors for adverse events following distal femoral osteotomy (DFO), high tibial osteotomy (HTO), and tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) procedures. DESIGN Patients undergoing DFO, HTO, or TTO procedures during 2005 to 2016 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Rates of adverse events were characterized for each procedure. Demographic, comorbidity, and procedural factors were tested for association with occurrence of any adverse events. RESULTS A total of 1,083 patients were identified. Of these, 305 (28%) underwent DFO, 273 (25%) underwent HTO, and 505 (47%) underwent TTO. Mean ages for patients undergoing each procedure were the following: DFO, 51 ± 23 years; HTO, 40 ± 13 years; and TTO, 31 ± 11 years. The most common comorbidities for DFO were hypertension (34%) and smoking (17%); for HTO, hypertension (22%) and smoking (21%); and for TTO, smoking (20%) and hypertension (11%). Independent risk factors for occurrence of any adverse event were age ⩾45 years for DFO (odds ratio [OR] = 3.1, P < 0.001) and HTO (OR = 2.3, P = 0.029), and body mass index >30 for HTO (OR = 2.5, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-5.7, P = 0.031). When all osteotomy procedures were analyzed collectively, additional variables including diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.2, P = 0.017), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 5.5, P = 0.003), and dependent functional status (OR = 3.0, P = 0.004) were associated with adverse events. CONCLUSIONS The total rate of adverse events was not independently associated with the type of osteotomy procedure. In addition, patients with age >45, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and dependent functional status have greater odds for adverse events and should be counseled and monitored accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Cotter
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anirudh K. Gowd
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel D. Bohl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alan Getgood
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian J. Cole
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rachel M. Frank
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA,Rachel M. Frank, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 2150 Stadium Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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Ogawa H, Matsumoto K, Akiyama H. Effects of lateral opening wedge and medial closing wedge distal femoral osteotomies on axial load stability. Knee 2020; 27:760-766. [PMID: 32563434 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stability of the current distal femoral osteotomy is insufficient for early weight bearing and bone healing. The purpose of this study was to test the stability of medial closing wedge- (MCW-) and lateral opening wedge-distal femoral osteotomies (LOW-DFO), which have improved with the recent advances in technology. METHODS We used composite bone models with MCW-DFO, improved with biplanar osteotomy technique and a Tomofix™ MDF plate, or LOW-DFO improved with biplanar osteotomy technique, a Tomofix™ LDF plate, and a β-TCP bone substitute, BONISH® graft. A cyclic axial loading test was employed to evaluate the strain on a plate and hinge point. The breaking axial load was measured. RESULTS Tensile strain on the plate produced by cyclic axial loading was significantly lower for LOW-DFO (2.0 ± 0.8 MPa) than for MCW-DFO (3.9 ± 1.6 MPa, P < .05). Compressive strain on the hinge point produced by cyclic axial loading was lower for LOW-DFO (6.6 ± 2.9 MPa) than for MCW-DFO (7.7 ± 4.6 MPa,). The maximum breaking axial load was significantly higher for LOW-DFO (5511 ± 945 N) than for MCW-DFO (4303 ± 518 N, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS LOW-DFO improved with recent advanced technology was superior to MCW-DFO improved with advanced technology in both cyclic axial loading test and breaking axial load test. This suggests that LOW-DFO facilitates earlier weight bearing and bone healing than does MCW-DFO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Ogawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Department of Advanced Joint Reconstructive Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazu Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Articular Comorbidities in Revision Cartilage Surgery: Meniscal Allograft Transplantation and Realignment. OPER TECHN SPORT MED 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otsm.2019.150709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Corrective osteotomies of femur and tibia: which factors influence bone healing? Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2020; 140:303-311. [PMID: 31317302 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-019-03217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Corrective osteotomies of the lower limb are standard procedures in orthopedic surgery. Still, there is only limited research on factors affecting bone healing after osteotomies. We hypothesize that especially the location of the osteotomy, smoking status and BMI affect bone healing. MATERIAL AND METHODS The healing process of 547 patients who underwent osteotomies of the lower limb (259 female, 288 male; average 40.6 years, range 14-77) was evaluated. To assess bone healing, participants were divided into three groups by bone healing duration ( < 5/5-8/ > 8 months). Differences in healing duration related to the anatomic level of the osteotomy (diaphysis vs. metaphysis), age, gender, smoking status, BMI, and modus of the osteotomy (open vs. closed wedge) were tested for significance using an ordinal regression analysis. RESULTS A significant correlation between bone healing and the anatomical level of the osteotomy on femur and tibia and the patients' smoking status was found. The odds of the diaphysis considering bone healing was 0.187 (95% CI, 0.08-0.44) times that of the metaphysis (Wald χ2(1) = 14.597, p < 0.000). The odds ratio of smokers considering bone healing was 0.192 (95% CI, 0.11-0.33) times that of non-smokers (Wald χ2(1) = 35.420, p < 0.000). All other analyzed factors did not show a significant correlation with bone healing. CONCLUSIONS Smoking status and the localization of the osteotomy on femur and tibia (diaphysis vs. metaphysis) are significantly correlated with bone healing duration. In line with current literature emphasizing the detrimental effect of smoking on bone healing, our findings should encourage surgeons to think twice about the indication to perform osteotomies on smokers. Furthermore, if applicable, osteotomies should be performed in the metaphyseal areas of femur and tibia.
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25
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Chang J, Zhu Z, Han W, Zhao Y, Kwoh CK, Lynch JA, Hunter DJ, Ding C. The morphology of proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) predicts incident radiographic osteoarthritis: data from Osteoarthritis Initiative. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:208-214. [PMID: 31733306 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the morphology of proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) is associated with increased risk of incident radiographic osteoarthritis (iROA) over 4 years in the OA Initiative (OAI) study. METHODS A nested matched case-control study design was used to select participants from OAI study. Case knees were defined as those with iROA. Control knees were matched one-to-one by sex, age and radiographic status with case knees. T2-weighted MR images were assessed at P0 (the visit when incident ROA was found on radiograph), P1 (1 year prior to P0) and at OAI baseline. The contacting area of PTFJ (S) and its projection areas onto the horizontal (load-bearing area, Sτ), sagittal (lateral stress-bolstering area, Sφ) and coronal plane (posterior stress-bolstering area, Sυ) were assessed, respectively. RESULTS 354 case knees and 354 matched control knees were included, with a mean age of 60 and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 28 kg/m2. Baseline PTFJ morphological parameters (S, Sτ and Sυ) were significantly associated with iROA over 4 years, and these associations remained unchanged after adjustment for BMI, number of knee bending activities, self-reported knee injury and surgery. S, Sτ and Sυ were also significantly associated with iROA at P1 and P0. In subgroup analysed, S, Sτ and Sυ were associated with risks of incident joint space narrowing in the medial, but not the lateral tibiofemoral compartment. CONCLUSION Greater contacting area, load-bearing area and posterior stress-bolstering area of PTFJ were associated with increased risks of iROA, largely in the medial tibiofemoral compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chang
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics, 4th Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Z Zhu
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - W Han
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Y Zhao
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - C K Kwoh
- University of Arizona Arthritis Center& Division of Rheumatology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J A Lynch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D J Hunter
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - C Ding
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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Puzzitiello RN, Liu JN, Garcia GH, Redondo ML, Christian DR, Yanke AB, Cole BJ. Return to Sport and Outcomes After Concomitant Lateral Meniscal Allograft Transplant and Distal Femoral Varus Osteotomy. Arthroscopy 2020; 36:253-260. [PMID: 31864586 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the time and rate of return to sport (RTS), as well as outcomes, in young and active patients receiving concomitant lateral meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) and distal femoral varus osteotomy (DFVO) for lateral meniscal deficiency and valgus malalignment. METHODS This was a retrospective study of consecutive patients who underwent concomitant MAT and DFVO by a single surgeon. The exclusion criteria were any concomitant procedures other than cartilage restoration procedures for focal full-thickness cartilage defects of the lateral femoral condyle and less than 2 years of follow-up. At final follow-up, patients were asked to complete a subjective sports questionnaire, the Marx Activity Rating Scale, a visual analog scale (VAS), the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, and a satisfaction questionnaire. Changes in patient-reported outcome measures were assessed using nonparametric statistical testing. RESULTS A total of 21 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 17 were included for analysis at an average follow-up of 7.5 years (range, 2.2-13.3 years). The average age at the time of surgery was 23.3 years (range, 16.9-36.2 years), and 76.5% of patients were female patients. The average VAS score decreased from 5.7 preoperatively to 2.6 postoperatively (P = .02). Of the 15 patients who participated in sports within 3 years prior to their surgical procedure, 14 (82.4%) returned to 1 or more sports at an average of 16.9 months (range, 6-36 months); however, only 46.7% were able to return to their preinjury level of participation or higher. Furthermore, 88.2% of patients reported being satisfied with their sport-related outcomes. Direct rates of sport-specific return were as follows: weightlifting, 100%; skiing, 100%; running, 66.7%; and basketball, 50%. CONCLUSIONS In our study population, concomitant MAT and DFVO afforded a high rate of RTS at an average of 16.9 months postoperatively, as well as a significant decrease in VAS pain scores. These findings are essential to note when counseling patients receiving these procedures who wish to resume sports and physical activities so that they may expect an extensive recovery process before they can RTS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, case series.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph N Liu
- Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, U.S.A
| | - Grant H Garcia
- Orthopedic Specialists of Seattle, Seattle, California, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Adam B Yanke
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Brian J Cole
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A..
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Song JS, Hong KT, Kim NM, Jung JY, Park HS, Chun YS, Kim SJ. Cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritic knees treated with distal femoral osteotomy and intra-lesional implantation of allogenic human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells: A report of two cases. Knee 2019; 26:1445-1450. [PMID: 31443940 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To treat lateral compartment osteoarthritis caused by a valgus deformity, partial or total knee joint arthroplasty is recommended. However, for young patients, joint preservation surgery such as distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) can be an alternative treatment option. Combined cartilage defects of lateral compartment osteoarthritis can be restored by human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs). This case report presents the results of DFO and hUCB-MSC implantation for treating two patients with valgus deformity who had lateral compartment osteoarthritis. CASE PRESENTATION Two middle-aged patients with lateral compartment osteoarthritis and valgus deformity were treated using DFO and hUCB-MSC implantation. They recovered sufficiently to perform moderate exercise one year after surgery. The International Knee Documentation Committee, visual analog scale, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scores showed continuous improvement after surgery. Cartilage regeneration of International Cartilage Repair Society Grade 1, which was similar to normal, was observed in both patients through second-look arthroscopy. With time, the modified two-dimensional magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue scores also increased in both cases. CONCLUSION This is the first case report detailing the results of treating lateral compartment osteoarthritis using hUCB-MSCs and DFO. In conclusion, this can be considered a new treatment option for such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Seob Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gangnam JS Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Hong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gangnam JS Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Min Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gangnam JS Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yub Jung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gangnam JS Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Soo Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gangnam JS Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Seung Chun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jung Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Pietsch M, Hochegger M, Winkler M, Sandriesser S, Freude T, Augat P. Opening-wedge osteotomies of the distal femur: minor advantages for a biplanar compared to a uniplanar technique. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:2375-2384. [PMID: 30547307 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-5332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Valgus malalignment of the distal femur may be treated with corrective osteotomy. The purpose of this study was to compare the primary stability of a lateral opening-wedge osteotomy (LOWO) using a uniplanar compared to a biplanar technique. A study was carried out to test both surgeries, with both an intact medial cortex and with a deliberate attached cut of the medial cortex simulating a fracture. The primary hypothesis was that the biplanar technique provides higher axial and torsional stiffness. It was further hypothesized that the mechanical superiority of the biplanar technique would not be affected in the case of breakage of the far medial cortex. METHODS A LOWO was performed in ten synthetic femora (#3406 left large Femur, 4th Generation, Sawbones, Malmö, Sweden) using a lateral angle stable locking plate (NCB© Distal Femur Plate, Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, USA). A uniplanar osteotomy was performed in five femora, and a biplanar osteotomy was performed in five femora. The femora were tested for axial and torsional loads using a servo-hydraulic testing machine (Instron 8874, Instron Structural Testing GmbH, High Wycombe, UK). RESULTS Axial stiffness decreased significantly (p = 0.001) in both groups (20% in the uniplanar group and 28 % in the biplanar group) by cutting the medial cortex. The type of osteotomy had no significant effect. A slightly lower but not statistically significant axial stiffness was seen in the biplanar group both for intact and broken medial cortices. Internal torsional stiffness dropped by more than 30% for the uniplanar group and almost 24% for the biplanar group when the cortex was cut (p < 0.001). No significant change concerning internal torsional stiffness was found between the two groups. External torsional stiffness decreased by 32% for the uniplanar group and 4% for the biplanar group after the cortical cut (p = 0.029). No significant change concerning external torsional stiffness was found between the groups, but the biplanar group showed a tendency towards higher values of external torsional stiffness. CONCLUSIONS The axial and torsional stiffness of the implant-bone construct were not significantly affected by the type of osteotomy performed. Biplanar osteotomy tended to increase external torsional stiffness. In cases of fracture of the medial cortex, biplanar osteotomy significantly reduced the external rotation at the osteotomy and showed a significantly increased external torsional stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pietsch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Stolzalpe (LKH Murtal), Stolzalpe 38, 8852, Stolzalpe, Austria.
| | - Markus Hochegger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Stolzalpe (LKH Murtal), Stolzalpe 38, 8852, Stolzalpe, Austria
| | - Martin Winkler
- Institute of Biomechanics, Trauma Center Murnau, Prof.-Kuentscher-Straße 8, 82418, Murnau, Germany
| | - Sabrina Sandriesser
- Institute of Biomechanics, Trauma Center Murnau, Prof.-Kuentscher-Straße 8, 82418, Murnau, Germany
| | - Thomas Freude
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Augat
- Institute of Biomechanics, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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Distal femoral osteotomy in a young symptomatic population: Outcomes correlate to concomitant pathology. J Orthop 2019; 16:283-288. [PMID: 31193264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a paucity of literature describing distal femoral osteotomies (DFO) in regards to complications and outcomes with previously studied cohorts containing primarily older, arthritic subjects. There has been no study to date focusing on younger, pre-arthritic patients. Methods All service members indicated for distal femoral osteotomy for coronal plane malalignment were isolated from military treatment centers between 2007 and 2013. Demographic and surgical variables were extracted, and perioperative complications, clinical course, and return to military function were extracted using clinical notes and radiographs. Results A total of 22 knees in 19 patients were identified at an average 3.2 year follow-up, with the exclusion of 16 individuals. Statistical analysis revealed worse outcomes associated with smoking, over correction, breach of the medial cortex, and prior surgeries. Overall 58% of patients left the military as the result of knee dysfunction despite an average improvement in visual analog scores (VAS) from 4.0 to 1.9 (p = 0.004). Conclusions While offloading the lateral compartment improves symptoms at short to midterm follow-up preventing progression to arthroplasty, young active duty military members have suboptimal return to duty rates.
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30
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Pilone C, Rosso F, Cottino U, Rossi R, Bonasia DE. Lateral Opening Wedge Distal Femoral Osteotomy for Lateral Compartment Arthrosis/Overload. Clin Sports Med 2019; 38:351-359. [PMID: 31079767 DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) is a valid option for the treatment of young and active patients with lateral compartment osteoarthritis/overload and valgus malalignment. DFOs can be performed with a closing wedge or opening wedge technique. Lateral opening wedge DFO is usually preferred for smaller corrections, whereas medial closing wedge for larger corrections and in patients with high risk of nonunion. This article describes the relevant aspects regarding lateral opening wedge DFO, including patient selection, preoperative planning, surgical technique, results, and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Pilone
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, AO Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, University of Torino, Largo Turati 62, Torino 10128, Italy
| | - Federica Rosso
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, AO Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, University of Torino, Largo Turati 62, Torino 10128, Italy
| | - Umberto Cottino
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, AO Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, University of Torino, Largo Turati 62, Torino 10128, Italy
| | - Roberto Rossi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, AO Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, University of Torino, Largo Turati 62, Torino 10128, Italy
| | - Davide Edoardo Bonasia
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, AO Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, University of Torino, Largo Turati 62, Torino 10128, Italy.
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Voleti PB, Wu IT, Degen RM, Tetreault DM, Krych AJ, Williams RJ. Successful Return to Sport Following Distal Femoral Varus Osteotomy. Cartilage 2019; 10:19-25. [PMID: 29262702 PMCID: PMC6376568 DOI: 10.1177/1947603517743545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distal femoral varus osteotomy (DFVO) is an effective treatment for unloading valgus knee malalignment; however, there is limited evidence on the ability for patients to return to athletics following this procedure. The purpose of this study is to report the functional outcomes and rate of return to sport for athletes that underwent DFVO. DESIGN A consecutive series of athletes that had undergone DFVO were retrospectively reviewed. Radiographs were assessed to determine preoperative and postoperative alignment. Institutional registries were used to collect preoperative and postoperative Marx Activity Scale, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form scores, and return to sport. RESULTS Thirteen patients (8 males, 5 females) with a mean age of 24 years (range 17-35 years) and a mean follow-up of 43 months (range 24-74 months) were included in the study. Six patients underwent medial closing wedge DFVO versus 7 patients who underwent lateral opening wedge DFVO. Nine of 13 had concomitant chondral, meniscal, or ligamentous procedures performed. The mean alignment correction was 8° (range 5°-13°). All patients were able to successfully return to sport at a mean of 11 months (range 9-13 months). Furthermore, all 13 patients demonstrated an improvement in both Marx Activity Scale (4-11; P < 0.01) and IKDC scores (53-89; P < 0.01) after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Correction of valgus knee malalignment through DFVO-either medial closing wedge or lateral opening wedge-can reliably result in improvement in function and return to sport. Concomitant chondral, meniscal, and ligamentous pathology should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod B. Voleti
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isabella T. Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ryan M. Degen
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danielle M. Tetreault
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron J. Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Riley J. Williams
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA,Riley J. Williams III, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, 525 East 71st Street, 1st Floor, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Russo A, Screpis D, Di Donato SL, Bonetti S, Piovan G, Zorzi C. Autologous micro-fragmented adipose tissue for the treatment of diffuse degenerative knee osteoarthritis: an update at 3 year follow-up. J Exp Orthop 2018; 5:52. [PMID: 30569417 PMCID: PMC6300453 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-018-0169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conservative therapies for the treatment of knee degenerative processes are used before resorting to surgery; nonetheless, they may offer only short-term benefits. Encouraging preliminary results have been reported using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), either alone or in association with surgery. Among the many sources, adipose tissue has created a huge interest, because of its anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties ascribed to the cells of its stromal vascular fraction. We previously reported the safety and feasibility of autologous micro-fragmented adipose tissue as adjuvant for the surgical treatment of diffuse degenerative chondral lesions at 1 year. Here we present the outcomes of the same cohort of patients evaluated at 3 year follow-up. Micro-fragmented adipose tissue was obtained using a minimal manipulation technique in a closed system. The safety of the procedure was evaluated by recording type and incidence of any adverse event. The clinical outcomes were determined using the KOOS, IKDC-subjective, Tegner Lysholm Knee, and VAS pain scales taken pre-operatively and at 12 and 36 months follow-up. FINDINGS No adverse events, lipodystrophy cases at the harvesting site nor atypical inflammatory reactions at the joint level were reported. Of the 30 patients previously treated, one was lost, and seven received additional treatments in the period of observation. On average, the 22 patients that had no other treatments in the 3-year period showed that the results observed at 1 year were maintained. Moreover, 41, 55, 55 and 64% of the patients improved with respect to the 1-year follow-up in the Tegner Lysholm Knee, VAS, IKDC-subjective and total KOOS, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results point to autologous and micro-fragmented adipose tissue injection as an innovative and safe approach for the management of diffuse degenerative knee chondropathy in the mid-term. The procedure is simple, affordable, minimally invasive, and compliant with the regulatory panorama.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Russo
- Orthopaedic Department, Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, VR, Italy. .,Orthopaedic Department, Humanitas Castelli Hospital, Via Mazzini 11, 24128, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - D Screpis
- Orthopaedic Department, Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, VR, Italy
| | - S L Di Donato
- Orthopaedic Department, Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, VR, Italy
| | - S Bonetti
- Orthopaedic Department, Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, VR, Italy
| | - G Piovan
- Orthopaedic Department, Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, VR, Italy
| | - C Zorzi
- Orthopaedic Department, Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, VR, Italy
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Distal femoral varus osteotomy: results of the lateral open-wedge technique without bone grafting. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2018; 43:2315-2322. [PMID: 30426177 PMCID: PMC6787112 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-018-4216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background The lateral opening wedge distal femoral osteotomy (LOWDFO) to reconstruct knee alignment in patients with genu valgum originating in the distal femur has gained importance within the last years. Purpose To analyze clinical and radiographic outcome of patients treated with LOWDFO with respect to bone healing without grafting and patient age. Material and methods Twenty-two consecutive patients with genu valgum corrected with 23 LOWDFOs using a Tomofix-locking plate were retrospectively analyzed (mean age 23.7 years). Clinical evaluation was based on pre- and post-operative KOOS scores. A pre- and post-operative radiographic assessment, including MAD, mLDFA, LLD, bone healing, and patella parameters, was performed. Differences between subgroups (age, bone grafting) were analyzed. Results The restoration of MAD and mLDFA resulted in significantly improved post-operative KOOS5 scores in younger and older patients (p = 0.001). Bone healing without bone grafting was reliable in all patients. The leg length was significantly increased post-operatively (p = 0.001). The Blackburne-Peel ratio was significantly reduced to more normal values post-operatively (p < 0.001). Conclusion LOWDFO without bone grafting is a reliable procedure representing a promising treatment option particularly in young patients with genu valgum. Besides correction of the MAD, a significant leg length increase and additional patella stability can be expected.
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Fragomen AT, McCoy TH, Fragomen FR. A Preliminary Comparison Suggests Poor Performance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Versus Titanium Plates in Distal Femoral Osteotomy. HSS J 2018; 14:258-265. [PMID: 30258330 PMCID: PMC6148591 DOI: 10.1007/s11420-017-9587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon fiber-reinforced (CFR) polymer implants have theoretical advantages over titanium plates. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES The aim of the present study was to assess our early outcomes with CFR plates in lateral opening-wedge distal femoral osteotomy to correct valgus lower limb malalignment. We asked the following: (1) Did the CFR polymer implant change time to union when compared with the titanium implant? (2) Did the incidence of displacement of medial cortical fractures differ between the implants? (3) Did the incidence of complications differ between the two techniques, and did other factors, such as bone graft material used, affect healing? METHODS A retrospective review of 16 limbs treated with an opening-wedge distal femoral osteotomy for genu valgum using either titanium (n = 10) or CFR plates (n = 6) was performed. Patient and clinical covariates as well as the primary outcome of time to union and secondary outcome of fracture displacement were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Those treated with CFR plates had longer times to union than did those in the titanium-treated group (median, 121.5 vs 81.5 days, respectively). The incidence of fracture displacement was higher in the CFR plate-treated group (CFR, n = 5/6; titanium, n = 1/10). Although the CFR plate-treated group had a 33% nonunion incidence while the titanium group had no nonunions, the study lacked the power to show significance. Bone graft material used did not affect outcome. Complication rates were higher in the CFR plate-treated patients. CONCLUSION The CFR plate was associated with a longer time to unite and higher fracture displacement rate than the titanium plate. As this is a retrospective case series, further research is required to confirm these results and clarify best practices in plating of distal femoral osteotomy for deformity correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin T. Fragomen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Thomas H. McCoy
- Center for Quantitative Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 20114 USA
- Division of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 20114 USA
| | - Fiona R. Fragomen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
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[The basics of knee osteotomy : Clinical examination, analysis of the deformity and correction planning]. DER ORTHOPADE 2018; 46:558-562. [PMID: 28597242 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-017-3437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinical results of knee osteotomies are good. A precise preoperative analysis of the deformity in three dimensions and accurate planning of the correction osteotomy is essential. All pathologies of the knee and the surrounding joints must be considered. The opening wedge technique and locking plate systems have improved accuracy and reliability. An analysis of deformities and the planning of their correction is presented in this article. Access to the extent of the correction according to the level of degeneration has proven useful in clinical praxis. Digital storage of the planning is recommended for legal reasons.
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Abstract
Distal femoral varus osteotomy is a well-described treatment option for patients with valgus malalignment associated with a variety of underlying conditions. This procedure may be the definitive treatment option in active patients with isolated lateral compartment osteoarthritis or posttraumatic arthritis. It may be a useful concomitant procedure in young patients with lateral meniscus deficiency, focal chondral defects, chronic medial collateral ligament insufficiency, and/or patellofemoral instability. Distal femoral varus osteotomy can be performed with medial closing wedge or lateral opening wedge techniques. Variable outcomes and complication rates have been reported. A framework for the use of distal femoral varus osteotomy can aid the orthopaedic surgeon in the evaluation and treatment of patients with symptomatic valgus malalignment.
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Kim YC, Yang JH, Kim HJ, Tawonsawatruk T, Chang YS, Lee JS, Bhandare NN, Kim KS, Delgado GDG, Nha KW. Distal Femoral Varus Osteotomy for Valgus Arthritis of the Knees: Systematic Review of Open versus Closed Wedge Osteotomy. Knee Surg Relat Res 2018; 30:3-16. [PMID: 29298461 PMCID: PMC5853172 DOI: 10.5792/ksrr.16.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this review is to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes between open and closed wedge distal femoral varus osteotomy (DFO). Methods A literature search of online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library database) was made in addition to manual search of major orthopedic journals. Data were searched from the time period of January 1990 to October 2016. A modified Coleman Methodology Score system was used to assess the methodologic quality of the included studies. A total of 20 studies were included in the review. All studies were level IV evidence. Results Comparative analysis of open and closed wedge DFO did not demonstrate clinical and radiological differences. The survival rates were also similar. Five studies (56%) on open wedge DFO mentioned the need for either bone grafting or substitute for osteotomy gap filling and reported higher incidences of reoperation for plate removal than the closed wedge DFO studies. Conclusions The present systematic review showed similar performance between open and closed wedge DFO. Outcomes including survival rates were not statistically significantly different. However, additional bone grafting or substitutes were often needed to prevent delayed union or nonunion for open wedge techniques. Additional operations for plate removal were commonly required due to plate irritation in both techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Chan Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yong Suk Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Seong Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, KS Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | | | - Ki Seong Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cheongju St. Mary's Hosptial, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Giorgio D G Delgado
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of the Philippines, Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Kyung Wook Nha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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Arnal-Burró J, Pérez-Mañanes R, Gallo-Del-Valle E, Igualada-Blazquez C, Cuervas-Mons M, Vaquero-Martín J. Three dimensional-printed patient-specific cutting guides for femoral varization osteotomy: Do it yourself. Knee 2017; 24:1359-1368. [PMID: 28978460 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In valgus knees of young patients, opening-wedge distal femoral osteotomy is a valid treatment option for axial corrections. It allows the surgeon to achieve accurate correction, which is directly related to the functional outcome and survivorship of the osteotomy. This study presents a new technique based on three-dimensional (3D)-printed cutting guides for opening-wedge distal femoral osteotomies, in which pre-operative planning and intraoperative executional accuracy play a major role. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pursuing axial correction accuracy, 3D-printed patient-specific positioning guides and wedge spacers were both created and used by the surgeon to implement the femoral osteotomy. The proposed technique was performed in 12 consecutive patients (cases). The results were compared with 20 patients (controls) in which opening-wedge distal femoral osteotomies were performed following the traditional technique. Accuracy of the axial correction, surgical time, fluoroscopic time and costs were measured. RESULTS More accurate axial correction with reduced surgical time (32min less), intraoperative fluoroscopic images (59 images less) and costs (estimated €412 less) were achieved with the use of the customized guides when compared with the traditional technique. DISCUSSION Accurate correction of the axial alignment of the limb is a critical step in survivorship of the osteotomy. Improving the technique to enhance accuracy focused on this issue. CONCLUSIONS The use of patient-customized cutting guides minimised human error; therefore, surgical time was reduced and accurate axial correction was achieved. The surgeon mastered all steps in a do-it-yourself philosophy style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Arnal-Burró
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rubén Pérez-Mañanes
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eudaldo Gallo-Del-Valle
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Igualada-Blazquez
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Cuervas-Mons
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vaquero-Martín
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Hoorntje A, Witjes S, Kuijer PPFM, Koenraadt KLM, van Geenen RCI, Daams JG, Getgood A, Kerkhoffs GMMJ. High Rates of Return to Sports Activities and Work After Osteotomies Around the Knee: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2017; 47:2219-2244. [PMID: 28401426 PMCID: PMC5633634 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteotomies are proven treatment options, especially in younger patients with unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis, for certain cases of chronic knee instability, or as concomitant treatment for meniscal repair or transplantation surgery. Presumably, these patients wish to stay active. Data on whether these patients return to sport (RTS) activities and return to work (RTW) are scarce. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to systematically review (1) the extent to which patients can RTS and RTW after knee osteotomy and (2) the time to RTS and RTW. METHODS We systematically searched the MEDLINE and Embase databases. Two authors screened and extracted data, including patient demographics, surgical technique, pre- and postoperative sports and work activities, and confounding factors. Two authors assessed methodological quality. Data on pre- and postoperative participation in sports and work were pooled. RESULTS We included 26 studies, involving 1321 patients (69% male). Mean age varied between 27 and 62 years, and mean follow-up was 4.8 years. The overall risk of bias was low in seven studies, moderate in ten studies, and high in nine studies. RTS was reported in 18 studies and mean RTS was 85%. Reported RTS in studies with a low risk of bias was 82%. No studies reported time to RTS. RTW was reported in 14 studies; mean RTW was 85%. Reported RTW in studies with a low risk of bias was 80%. Time to RTW varied from 10 to 22 weeks. Lastly, only 15 studies adjusted for confounders. CONCLUSION Eight out of ten patients returned to sport and work after knee osteotomy. No data were available on time to RTS. A trend toward performing lower-impact sports was observed. Time to RTW varied from 10 to 22 weeks, and almost all patients returned to the same or a higher workload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hoorntje
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Foundation FORCE (Foundation for Orthopedic Research Care and Education), Molengracht 21, 4818 CK, Breda, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, ACES (Academic Centre for Evidence-based Sports medicine), ACHSS (Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Witjes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Foundation FORCE (Foundation for Orthopedic Research Care and Education), Molengracht 21, 4818 CK, Breda, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, ACES (Academic Centre for Evidence-based Sports medicine), ACHSS (Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Paul F M Kuijer
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen L M Koenraadt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Foundation FORCE (Foundation for Orthopedic Research Care and Education), Molengracht 21, 4818 CK, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger C I van Geenen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Foundation FORCE (Foundation for Orthopedic Research Care and Education), Molengracht 21, 4818 CK, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G Daams
- Medical Library, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Getgood
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, Western University, 3M Centre, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, ACES (Academic Centre for Evidence-based Sports medicine), ACHSS (Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mirouse G, Dubory A, Roubineau F, Poignard A, Hernigou P, Allain J, Flouzat Lachaniette CH. Failure of high tibial varus osteotomy for lateral tibio-femoral osteoarthritis with<10° of valgus: Outcomes in 19 patients. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2017; 103:953-958. [PMID: 28527700 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteotomy is a rational approach to slowing knee osteoarthritis progression by modifying loads, thereby avoiding joint replacement in younger individuals. Varus femoral osteotomy is recommended only in patients with more than 10° of valgus. The objective here was to assess outcomes of tibial varus osteotomy in patients with lateral compartment tibio-femoral osteoarthritis and less than 10° of valgus. The hypothesis was that high tibial varus osteotomy produces satisfactory and long-lasting improvements. MATERIAL AND METHODS A single-centre retrospective study was conducted in 19 consecutive patients managed by high tibial varus osteotomy between January 2005 and May 2012. Mean age was 54.5years. The clinical IKS knee and function scores and radiological parameters were determined pre-operatively then after 6 and 12months and at last follow-up. The primary outcome measure was the global IKS score. Failure was defined as a global IKS score <140 or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Secondary outcome measures were a post-operative hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle between 180° and 183° and less than 10° of joint line obliquity. The hypothesis was that high tibial varus osteotomy produced satisfactory and long-lasting improvements in lateral compartment tibio-femoral osteoarthritis. RESULTS After the mean follow-up of 4.3years (range, 2-9years), 10/19 patients had a global IKS score <140. Among them, 7 underwent TKA after a mean of 5.0±2.7years. Varus tibial osteotomy was followed by significant improvements in the IKS knee and function scores from baseline to last follow-up (P<0.05). A global IKS<140 predicted TKA. Mean HKA angle values were 186.3±2.9° pre-operatively and 181.3°± 3.9°at last follow-up (P<0.05); the HKA angle was within the 180°-183° range in 8 (42.1%) patients. Mean post-operative joint line obliquity was 7.8±3.0°. An HKA angle outside the 180-183° range and joint line obliquity >10° were associated with poor outcomes. DISCUSSION High tibial varus osteotomy produces unsatisfactory medium-term outcomes, with an overall failure rate of 52%. At present, high tibial varus osteotomy has no role in the management of lateral compartment tibio-femoral osteoarthritis with <10° of valgus. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, retrospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mirouse
- Département de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie, groupe hospitalier Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, université Paris-Est Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France; Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie du sport, clinique Saint-Privat, 34500 Béziers, France.
| | - A Dubory
- Département de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie, groupe hospitalier Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, université Paris-Est Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - F Roubineau
- Département de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie, groupe hospitalier Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, université Paris-Est Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - A Poignard
- Département de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie, groupe hospitalier Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, université Paris-Est Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - P Hernigou
- Département de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie, groupe hospitalier Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, université Paris-Est Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - J Allain
- Département de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie, groupe hospitalier Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, université Paris-Est Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - C H Flouzat Lachaniette
- Département de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie, groupe hospitalier Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, université Paris-Est Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France
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Elattar O, Swarup I, Lam A, Nguyen J, Fragomen A, Rozbruch SR. Open Wedge Distal Femoral Osteotomy: Accuracy of Correction and Patient Outcomes. HSS J 2017; 13:128-135. [PMID: 28690462 PMCID: PMC5481254 DOI: 10.1007/s11420-016-9516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a renewed interest in joint preservation surgery, and lateral opening wedge distal femoral osteotomy (DFO), a joint-preserving procedure, has been used to treat symptomatic genu valgum when the deformity originates in the distal femur. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES This study aimed to measure the accuracy of lateral opening wedge DFO in achieving deformity correction using radiographic parameters. In addition, the ability of lateral opening wedge DFO to improve patient outcomes as measured by Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores and American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) lower limb module (LLM) scores leading to successful joint preservation was assessed. METHODS The clinical charts and radiographs of 28 consecutive patients that underwent 41 DFOs (15 unilateral and 13 staged bilateral) using a locking plate construct were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age of patients undergoing DFO was 44 years (range 22-72), and 22 of the patients were female. The mean follow-up was 26 months (range 12-57 months). Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were evaluated for mechanical axis deviation (MAD), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), and the patella congruence angle (PCA). These measurements were compared to determine the accuracy of deformity correction. Clinical outcomes were assessed with preoperative and postoperative SF-36 and AAOS LLM, as well as Oxford knee scores at follow-up. RESULTS The accuracy of deformity correction was 95%. The MAD significantly improved from 25.3 mm lateral to the midline to 8 mm medial to the midline (p < 0.01). The LDFA significantly improved from 83.4° to 91.7° (p < 0.01). The PCA significantly improved from 30.4° lateral to 5.7° lateral (p = 0.02). Mean SF-36 scores significantly improved from 37.5 to 50.2 (p = 0.01); mean LLM scores improved from 71.6 to 85.9 (p = 0.021), and the mean postoperative Oxford knee score was 35 ± 6.2 (range 23-46). No patients required total knee arthroplasty at the time of final follow-up. CONCLUSION Opening wedge lateral DFO is a reliable procedure for the treatment of valgus knee malalignment with or without arthritic changes in the lateral compartment. Deformity correction is accurate, and patient outcomes reveal significant improvement after surgery. Longer follow-up is required to access the survivorship of this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Elattar
- Orthopedic Sports Medicine, University of Massachusetts, 281 Lincoln Street, Worcester, MA 01606 USA
| | - Ishaan Swarup
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Aaron Lam
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Joseph Nguyen
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Austin Fragomen
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - S. Robert Rozbruch
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
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Liska F, Voss A, Imhoff FB, Willinger L, Imhoff AB. Nonunion and delayed union in lateral open wedge distal femoral osteotomies-a legitimate concern? INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2017; 42:9-15. [PMID: 28534192 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-017-3504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to a supposed high rate of nonunions in lateral open wedge distal femur osteotomy (LOWDFO), the medial closing wedge technique has been favoured for a long time. The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of delayed- and nonunions following LOWDFO. We hypothesized that the occurrence of nonunions needing revision surgery is comparable to medial closing osteotomies. METHODS Forty-one patients were treated with LOWDFO with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Parameters such as age, gender, body mass index, valgus angle, the heights of the opening wedge, as well as the type of osteotomy (biplane vs single plane) were collected. Delayed union and nonunion were evaluated on radiographs along with clinical symptoms. RESULTS The study group consisted of 21 females and 20 males, with a median age of 37 years at the time of surgery. Removal of hardware was performed in 63% after 1.3 years (0.6-2.1 years). The median preoperative valgus angle was 6.1° valgus (range 2-15.5°). The heights of the opening wedge ranged from 2 to 12 mm (mean 5.3 mm). Hinge fracture of the medial cortex was seen in 39%. Three patients had a delayed union, and one patient had a nonunion requiring revision surgery. CONCLUSION LOWDFO is a safe alternative to MCWDFO. Although radiolucency of the osteotomy gap can be evident on radiographs even after 12 months, this does not reflect the clinical finding. The nonunion rate is proven to be low and comparable with the nonunion rates of MCWDFOs as well as open wedge HTOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Liska
- Department of Sport Orthopaedics, Technische Universität München, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Andreas Voss
- Department of Sport Orthopaedics, Technische Universität München, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian B Imhoff
- Department of Sport Orthopaedics, Technische Universität München, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Willinger
- Department of Sport Orthopaedics, Technische Universität München, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas B Imhoff
- Department of Sport Orthopaedics, Technische Universität München, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany
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Park KH, Kim JW, Kim HJ, Kyung HS, Oh JK, Cho TJ, Seo I, Oh CW. Corrective osteotomy of the distal femur with fixator assistance: A novel technique of minimally invasive osteosynthesis. J Orthop Sci 2017; 22:474-480. [PMID: 28129945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Varus or valgus deformity of the distal femur may progress into knee osteoarthritis. To delay or prevent this, various types of corrective osteotomy techniques have been used to shift the mechanical axis from the diseased compartment to the healthy one. We introduced a new, minimally invasive osteotomy of the distal femur with the assistance of temporary external fixation. METHODS We retrospectively studied 25 legs that underwent open-wedge osteotomy of the distal femur, involving insertion of a Schanz pin at the medial femoral condyle and another pin at the distal diaphysis of the femur. At the meta-diaphyseal junction, osteotomy was performed. After achieving angular correction, two pins were locked for temporary external fixation and a locking plate was fixed at the lateral side of the femur submuscularly. Radiological and functional outcomes were evaluated, including mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (m-LDFA), mechanical axis deviation, tibiofemoral angle, osseous union, and knee joint motion. RESULTS The minimum follow-up was 12 months (mean, 39 months; range, 12-88 months). Bone healing occurred in all legs, with an average of 16.6 weeks. The m-LDFA was corrected from 77.7° (18 valgus) and 104.6° (7 varus) to 88.1° after surgery, with an average correction of 12.9°. At the final follow-up, the mechanical axis deviation averaged 7.6 mm and the tibia-femoral angle averaged 5.6°. Most of legs (88%) achieved acceptable m-LDFA (87° ± 3°). CONCLUSIONS A new, minimally invasive osteotomy of the distal femur offers excellent bone healing with few complications, attributable to preserved blood supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Hyeon Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Woo Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-June Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Kyung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Keon Oh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Cho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Seo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Wug Oh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Quirno M, Campbell KA, Singh B, Hasan S, Jazrawi L, Kummer F, Strauss EJ. Distal femoral varus osteotomy for unloading valgus knee malalignment: a biomechanical analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2017; 25:863-868. [PMID: 25894751 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-015-3602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the biomechanical properties of the load shifting following opening-wedge distal femoral varus osteotomies (DFVOs) and determine the osteotomy correction needed to unload the lateral compartment. METHODS Five human cadaveric knees were tested with a load of 500 N of axial compression. Medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartment contact area and pressure were assessed utilizing a modified F-scan pressure-sensitive sensor. The knees were tested in their baseline anatomic alignment, 10° valgus malalignment and following corrective DFVOs of 5°, 10° and 15°. The load shifting effect of the various DFVO correction angles was analysed using a one-way ANOVA to determine the correction angle necessary to unload the lateral compartment. RESULTS Gradually shifting the loading vector medially with increasing DFVO angles resulted in a decrease in the mean contact area and mean contact pressures in the lateral compartment with progressive increases in the medial compartment. The largest reduction in lateral compartment pressure and contact area was seen with the 15° osteotomy with a 25 % decrease in mean contact pressure and 20 % decrease in mean maximum contact pressure and mean contact area when compared to the 10° valgus-malaligned knee. For the 10° valgus knee, a 15° correction resulted in near-normal contact pressures and areas compared with the knee in normal anatomic alignment. CONCLUSION Progressive unloading of the lateral tibiofemoral compartment occurred with increasing DFVO correction angles. Clinically, when performing a DFVO for valgus malalignment, surgeons should consider overcorrecting the osteotomy by 5° to restore near-normal contact pressures and contact areas in the lateral compartment rather than the traditional teaching of correcting to neutral alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quirno
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, 333 East 38th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kirk A Campbell
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, 333 East 38th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Brian Singh
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, 333 East 38th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Saqib Hasan
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, 333 East 38th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Laith Jazrawi
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, 333 East 38th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Fredrick Kummer
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, 333 East 38th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Eric J Strauss
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, 333 East 38th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Wylie JD, Jones DL, Hartley MK, Kapron AL, Krych AJ, Aoki SK, Maak TG. Distal Femoral Osteotomy for the Valgus Knee: Medial Closing Wedge Versus Lateral Opening Wedge: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy 2016; 32:2141-2147. [PMID: 27265250 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE (1) To determine the radiographic correction/healing rate, patient-reported outcomes, reoperation rate, and complication rate after distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) for the valgus knee with lateral compartment pathology. (2) To summarize the reported results of medial closing wedge and lateral opening wedge DFO. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL to identify studies reporting outcomes of DFOs for the valgus knee. Keywords included "distal femoral osteotomy," "chondral," "cartilage," "valgus," "joint restoration," "joint preservation," "arthritis," and "gonarthrosis." Two authors first reviewed the articles; our study exclusion criteria were then applied, and the articles were included on the basis relevance defined by the aforementioned criteria. The Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies scale judged the quality of the literature. Sixteen studies were relevant to the research questions out of 191 studies identified by the original search. RESULTS Sixteen studies were identified reporting on 372 osteotomies with mean follow-up of 45 to 180 months. All studies reported mean radiographic correction to a near neutral mechanical axis, with 3.2% nonunion and 3.8% delayed union rates. There was a 9% complication rate and a 34% reoperation rate, of which 15% were converted to arthroplasty. There were similar results reported for medial closing wedge and lateral opening wedge techniques, with a higher conversion to arthroplasty in the medial closing wedge that was confounded by longer mean follow-up in this group (mean follow-up 100 v 58 months). CONCLUSIONS DFOs for the valgus knee with lateral compartment disease provide improvements in patient-reported knee health-related quality of life at midterm follow-up but have high rates of reoperation. No evidence exists proving better results of either the lateral opening wedge or medial closing wedge techniques. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, systematic review of Level IV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Wylie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Daniel L Jones
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | | | - Ashley L Kapron
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | | | - Stephen K Aoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Travis G Maak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A..
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Distal Femoral Osteotomy: Lateral Opening Wedge Technique. Arthrosc Tech 2016; 5:e725-e730. [PMID: 27709028 PMCID: PMC5039957 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronal limb malalignment is a significant contributor to asymmetric joint wear, gait abnormalities, and the development and progression of degenerative joint disease. Osteotomies about the knee were developed to realign the mechanical axis of the limb to unload the affected compartment. Valgus malalignment is less common than varus malalignment, but can contribute to a variety of clinical conditions, including lateral compartment cartilage defects and arthritis, lateral patellofemoral instability, and medial collateral ligament laxity. In this article, we describe our preferred operative technique for a lateral opening wedge varus-producing distal femoral osteotomy to correct mild to moderate valgus malalignment.
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Ekeland A, Nerhus TK, Dimmen S, Heir S. Good functional results of distal femoral opening-wedge osteotomy of knees with lateral osteoarthritis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016; 24:1702-9. [PMID: 26792566 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-016-3988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the time-dependent functional outcome of patients with lateral knee osteoarthritis with increased valgus treated with lateral opening-wedge osteotomy to shift the load from the lateral to the medial compartment of the knee. METHODS Twenty-four consecutive patients with lateral knee osteoarthritis were treated with distal femoral opening-wedge varus osteotomy stabilized with the Puddu plate and bone transplantation. The mean age of the patients was 48 years (CI 40.3-55.7, range 31-62). The patients were evaluated by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months, 1, 2, 5 and 10 years post-operatively. The knee osteoarthritis was graded according to the Kellgren-Lawrence radiological scoring system. The mean follow-up time was 7.9 years (CI 6.8-9.0, range 4.0-10.2). RESULTS The mean angular correction measured on pre- and post-operative radiographs was 9.6° (CI 7.7°-11.5°, range 4°-20°). All osteotomies healed. KOOS increased significantly during the first year by 28-122 % beyond the preoperative values for all the five subscores. This improvement remained at 10-year follow-up for those with surviving osteotomy. Six knees were converted to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) mean 6.4 years (CI 3.3-9.6, range 4.0-11.8) post-operatively. The osteotomy survival rate at 5 years was 88 % and at 10 years 74 %. The preoperative osteoarthritic grade did not increase significantly during the follow-up period, but was significantly correlated (r = -0.49), P = 0.019 to the KOOS subscore symptoms at the 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSION Distal femoral opening-wedge osteotomy for lateral knee osteoarthritis resulted in good functional recovery after 1 year and favourable midterm results. It may be a good treatment option for middle-aged patients with valgus knees and lateral osteoarthritis in order to prevent or postpone TKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Ekeland
- Orthopaedic Department, Martina Hansens Hospital, Box 823, 1306, Sandvika, Norway.
| | - Tor Kjetil Nerhus
- Orthopaedic Department, Martina Hansens Hospital, Box 823, 1306, Sandvika, Norway
| | - Sigbjørn Dimmen
- Orthopaedic Department, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Lovisenberggata 17, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Heir
- Orthopaedic Department, Martina Hansens Hospital, Box 823, 1306, Sandvika, Norway
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Özcan Ç, Sökücü S, Beng K, Çetinkaya E, Demir B, Kabukçuoğlu YS. Prospective comparative study of two methods for fixation after distal femur corrective osteotomy for valgus deformity; retrograde intramedullary nailing versus less invasive stabilization system plating. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2016; 40:2121-2126. [PMID: 27079838 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-016-3190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the radiological and functional results of two different methods of fixation for the correction of femoral valgus deformities. METHODS Patients who had undergone osteotomy and correction of a valgus deformity from 2007 to 2013 were prospectively followed. Thirty three patients (20 females, 13 males) with 39 lower limbs were included in the study. Seventeen lower limbs were treated with retrograde intramedullary nailing (IMN) and 22 with less invasive stabilization system plating. Standing orthoroentgenograms of the lower limbs were taken pre-operatively and at the final follow-up. mLDFA, aLDFA, mechanical axis deviation (MAD) were measured in this orthoroentgenograms. Knee osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) and knee range of motion were used pre-operatively and at the final follow-up as part of the evaluation of the clinical results. All patients duration of surgery, length of hospital stay were assessed. Operations were performed by two orthopedic surgeons. The choice of correction method for each patient was determined by the surgeon. Pre-operative and post-operative values were simultaneously measured by two additional orthopedic surgeons. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 26.2 years (18.0-51.0) in the plating group and 29.3 years (18.0-55.0) in the nailing group. Patients in the plating and nailing groups were followed up for 24.0 (12.0-60.0) and 27.8 (12.0-60.0) months. All patients were followed for a minimum of 12 months. No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of age, sex, or duration of follow-up (p > 0.05) Comparison of the pre- and post-operative mLDFA, aLDFA, MAD, length of hospital stay, and duration of surgery between the plating group and nailing group, no significant difference was observed between the groups (p > 0.05). However, patients treated with retrograde IMN had significantly better post-operative results in terms of the KOOS and range of motion of the knee according to plating group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Retrograde IMN does not provide a radiological advantage over the LISS plating technique for valgus deformity but retrograde IMN and correction offered better functional results in cases of femoral valgus deformity than did the LISS plating method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağrı Özcan
- Elazığ Education and Training Hospital, İnonu Street, No 74, Elazığ, Turkey.
| | - Sami Sökücü
- Baltalimanı Bone Diseases Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Beng
- Baltalimanı Bone Diseases Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Çetinkaya
- Baltalimanı Bone Diseases Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilal Demir
- Baltalimanı Bone Diseases Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Madelaine A, Lording T, Villa V, Lustig S, Servien E, Neyret P. The effect of lateral opening wedge distal femoral osteotomy on leg length. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016; 24:847-54. [PMID: 25326764 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-014-3387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Varisation distal femoral osteotomy is a well-described treatment for lateral compartment arthrosis in the young, active patient. This treatment may potentially alter the length of the lower limb . The objective of this study was to quantify the change in leg length following lateral opening wedge distal femoral osteotomy using a blade plate. METHODS Between 1998 and 2011, 29 lateral opening wedge distal femoral osteotomies were performed for symptomatic genu valgum with signs of lateral compartment arthrosis or patello-femoral symptoms. The mean age was 44.4 years (±11.3). Average follow-up was 80.2 months (±50.6). RESULTS The mean osteotomy opening was 8.3° (±2.3). The femoro-tibial mechanical axis (mFTA) was improved significantly, from 187.8° (±3.5) to 180.4° (±2.6) post-operatively (p < 0.001). The pre-operative leg length discrepancy was -0.7 cm, compared to -0.6 cm post-operatively, which was not significant (n.s.). There were five revisions to arthroplasty for disease progression at meantime of 166.6 months post-operatively. The probability of survival at 60 months was 91.4% (95% CI 74.9-100%) with end-point of revision to total knee arthroplasty and 87.6% (95% CI 74.1-100%) of revision for complications. CONCLUSIONS Lateral opening wedge distal femoral osteotomy, performed for symptomatic genu valgum, has no effect on leg length. This technique allows good correction of the axis of the lower limb; however, the complication rate is not insignificant (14%). Complications occurred mainly in post-traumatic cases and may be avoidable with attention to technique and optimum rehabilitation. The procedure should be reserved for young, active patients with significant symptoms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Madelaine
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique, centre Albert Trillat, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Hôpital de la Croix-rousse, Hospices civils de Lyon, 103 grande rue de la Croix-rousse, 69004, Lyon, France.
| | - T Lording
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique, centre Albert Trillat, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Hôpital de la Croix-rousse, Hospices civils de Lyon, 103 grande rue de la Croix-rousse, 69004, Lyon, France
- Frankston Hospital, Hastings Rd, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia
| | - V Villa
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique, centre Albert Trillat, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Hôpital de la Croix-rousse, Hospices civils de Lyon, 103 grande rue de la Croix-rousse, 69004, Lyon, France
| | - S Lustig
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique, centre Albert Trillat, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Hôpital de la Croix-rousse, Hospices civils de Lyon, 103 grande rue de la Croix-rousse, 69004, Lyon, France
| | - E Servien
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique, centre Albert Trillat, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Hôpital de la Croix-rousse, Hospices civils de Lyon, 103 grande rue de la Croix-rousse, 69004, Lyon, France
| | - P Neyret
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique, centre Albert Trillat, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Hôpital de la Croix-rousse, Hospices civils de Lyon, 103 grande rue de la Croix-rousse, 69004, Lyon, France
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Medial Closing-Wedge Distal Femoral Osteotomy: Fixation With Proximal Tibial Locking Plate. Arthrosc Tech 2015; 4:e687-95. [PMID: 26870647 PMCID: PMC4738638 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Distal femoral varus osteotomy is a well-established procedure for the treatment of lateral compartment cartilage lesions and degenerative disease, correcting limb alignment and decreasing the progression of the pathology. Surgical techniques can be performed with a lateral opening-wedge or medial closing-wedge correction of the deformity. Fixation methods for lateral opening-wedge osteotomies are widely available, and there are various types of implants that can be used for fixation. However, there are currently only a few options of implants for fixation of a medial closing-wedge osteotomy on the market. This report describes a medial, supracondylar, V-shaped, closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy using a locked anterolateral proximal tibial locking plate that fits anatomically to the medial side of the distal femur. This is a great option as a stable implant for a medial closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy.
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