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Hart DA, Martin CR, Scott M, Shrive NG. The instrumented sheep knee to elucidate insights into osteoarthritis development and progression: A sensitive and reproducible platform for integrated research efforts. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 87:105404. [PMID: 34171651 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis of the knee is a very common condition that has been difficult to treat. The majority of cases are considered idiopathic. Much research effort remains focused on biology rather than the biomechanics of such joints. Some new methods were developed and validated to better appreciate the subtleties of the biomechanical integrity of joints, and how changes in biomechanics can contribute to osteoarthritis. METHODS Over the past 15 years our lab has enhanced the sensitivity of the assessment of knee biomechanics of an instrumented, trained large animal model (sheep) of osteoarthritis and integrated the findings with biological and histological assessments. These new methods include gait analysis before and after injury followed by robotic validation post-sacrifice, and more recently using Fibre Bragg Grating sensors to detect alterations in cartilage stresses. RESULTS A review of the findings obtained with this model are presented. The findings indicate that sheep, like humans, exhibit individual characteristics. They also indicate that joint kinetics, rather than kinematics may better define the alterations induced by injury. With the addition of Fibre Bragg Grating sensors, it has been possible to measure with good accuracy, alterations to cartilage stresses following a controlled knee injury. INTERPRETATION Using this model as Proof of Concept, this sheep system can now be viewed as a sensitive platform to address many questions related to risk for development of idiopathic osteoarthritis of the human knee, the efficacy of potential interventions to correct biomechanical disruptions, and how joint biomechanics and biology are integrated during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hart
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Bone & Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - C Ryan Martin
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Section of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Scott
- Department of Veterinary Clinical & Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nigel G Shrive
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Shekarforoush M, Vakiel P, Scott M, Muench G, Hart DA, Shrive NG. Relative Surface Velocity of the Tibiofemoral Joint and Its Relation to the Development of Osteoarthritis After Joint Injury. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:695-708. [PMID: 31677123 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The relative velocity of the tibiofemoral surfaces during gait before and after partial-ACL and full MCL transection (p-ACL/MCL Tx) was examined in an ovine model (N = 5) and the relation between the variation in the relative sliding velocity component and gross morphological damage was investigated. We defined the in vivo kinematics of the tibiofemoral joints by using an instrumented spatial linkage and then determining the relative velocity components on the reconstructed femoral condyle surfaces. One major finding was that the magnitude of the relative velocity components was relatively high during the initial stance period of the gait and oscillated with a decaying envelope. Interestingly, for most subjects, the highest value of relative sliding velocity occurred during the stance phase, and not swing. The magnitude of the relative velocity components was increased in 3/5 subjects during stance after an injury. For the lateral compartment, there was a significant correlation (p value = 0.005) between the joint gross morphological damage and the increase in the maximum relative sliding velocity during stance. For the medial compartment, there was a trend (p value < 0.1) between the joint gross morphological score and the increase in the maximum relative sliding velocity during stance, 20 weeks after injury. In conclusion, a connection between an increase in the relative surface velocity and gross morphological damage might be due to an increase in the normal stress and the plowing friction between the surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shekarforoush
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Paris Vakiel
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Michael Scott
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Gregory Muench
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - David A Hart
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Section of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Foothills Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Nigel G Shrive
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
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Barton KI, Heard BJ, Sevick JL, Martin CR, Shekarforoush SMM, Chung M, Achari Y, Frank CB, Shrive NG, Hart DA. Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis Development and Progression in an Ovine Model of Partial Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Effect of Repeated Intra-articular Methylprednisolone Acetate Injections on Early Disease. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:1596-1605. [PMID: 29668309 DOI: 10.1177/0363546518765098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial anterior cruciate ligament (p-ACL) ruptures are a common injury of athletes. However, few preclinical models have investigated the natural history and treatment of p-ACL injuries. PURPOSE To (1) demonstrate whether a controlled p-ACL injury model (anteromedial band transection) develops progressive gross morphological and histological posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA)-like changes at 20 and 40 weeks after the injury and (2) investigate the efficacy of repeated (0, 5, 10, and 15 weeks) intra-articular injections of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA; 80 mg/mL) in the mitigation of potential PTOA-like changes after p-ACL transection. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Twenty-one 3- to 5-year-old female Suffolk-cross sheep were allocated to 4 groups: (1) nonoperative controls (n = 5), (2) 20 weeks after p-ACL transection (n = 5), (3) 40 weeks after p-ACL transection (n = 6), and (4) 20 weeks after p-ACL transection + MPA (n = 5). Gross morphological grading and histological analyses were conducted. mRNA expression levels for inflammatory, degradative, and structural molecules were assessed. RESULTS p-ACL transection led to significantly more combined gross damage ( P = .008) and significant aggregate histological damage ( P = .009) at 40 weeks after p-ACL transection than the nonoperative controls, and damage was progressive over time. Macroscopically, MPA appeared to slightly mitigate gross damage at 20 weeks after p-ACL transection in some animals. However, microscopic analysis revealed that repeated MPA injections after p-ACL transection led to significant loss in proteoglycan content compared with the nonoperative controls and 20 weeks after p-ACL transection ( P = .008 and P = .008, respectively). CONCLUSION p-ACL transection led to significant gross and histological damage by 40 weeks, which was progressive over time. Multiple repeated MPA injections were not appropriate to mitigate injury-related damage in a p-ACL transection ovine model as significant proteoglycan loss was observed in MPA-treated knees. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A p-ACL injury leads to slow and progressive PTOA-like joint damage, and multiple repeated injections of glucocorticoids may be detrimental to the knee joint in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen I Barton
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bryan J Heard
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Johnathan L Sevick
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - C Ryan Martin
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - S M Mehdi Shekarforoush
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - May Chung
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yamini Achari
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Nigel G Shrive
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David A Hart
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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