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Ahrens P, Borchert GH, Freutel C, Ahmed N, Brune JC. Peracetic acid sterilized tendon and ligament allografts for knee reconstruction : For anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and complex knee surgery. ORTHOPADIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 53:341-347. [PMID: 38498205 PMCID: PMC11052767 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-024-04486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of allografts and autografts has been met with mixed views on whether allografts are a suitable alternative to autografts. QUESTION We aimed to investigate if chemically sterilized allografts show similar rerupture rates to those reported in the literature for allografts and autografts in anterior (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligaments (PCL) and complex knee surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective data on knee reconstructions performed between 2011 and 2015 with tendon/ligamnet allografts sterilized with peracetic acid were collected in the form of a questionnaire. The inclusion criteria of 2 years for each patient were met by 38 patients, representing 22 ACL reconstructions, 5 PCL reconstructions, 3 OTHER surgeries, including the Larson technique and medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction and 8 COMPLEX surgeries. The main endpoints were rerupture and complication rate. Secondary endpoints included stability of the knee (Lachman test, Pivot shift test) and the range of motion. RESULTS The rerupture rate was 7.9% (3 grafts). Reruptures only occurred in the ACL group. No reruptures were observed in the PCL, OTHER and COMPLEX surgery groups. Stability improved significantly after surgery and the range of motion returned to values similar to that of healthy knees. CONCLUSIONS Tendon allografts sterilized with peracetic acid show promising low rerupture rates and good clinical scores and the results are comparable to the literature on autografts and other allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ahrens
- Orthoplus Munich, Alte Börse, Lehnbachplatz 2a, 80333, Munich, Germany.
| | - Gudrun H Borchert
- Dr. Borchert Medical Information Management, Egelsbacher Str. 39e, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Christin Freutel
- R&D, German Institute for Cell and Tissue Replacement (DIZG, gGmbH), Haus 42, Köpenicker Str. 325, 12555, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norus Ahmed
- R&D, German Institute for Cell and Tissue Replacement (DIZG, gGmbH), Haus 42, Köpenicker Str. 325, 12555, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan C Brune
- R&D, German Institute for Cell and Tissue Replacement (DIZG, gGmbH), Haus 42, Köpenicker Str. 325, 12555, Berlin, Germany
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Thor J, Han Dave LY, Tapasvi S, Beyzadeoglu T. Short graft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Current concepts. J ISAKOS 2023; 8:29-36. [PMID: 36202296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jisako.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Short graft anterior cruciate igament reconstruction is increasing in popularity for performing a primary ACLR. The short graft coupled with the all-inside technique using closed sockets and suspensory fixation at both femoral and tibial ends are its defining features. The outcomes of this technique have been comparable to well established transportal ACLR techniques. It has the benefits of preserved hamstring strength and less pain attributed to transtibial drilling. However, there is a learning curve involved and will require time before mastery of the technique. Furthermore, in combined osteotomy or multiligament surgery, the use of short graft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with sockets preserve bone stock and the single tendon harvest spares the other tendons for use in other ligament reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Thor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
| | - Lee Yee Han Dave
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore.
| | | | - Tahsin Beyzadeoglu
- Professor of Orthopedics & Traumatology Halic University & Beyzadeoglu Clinic Istanbul, Turkey.
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Phatama KY, Mustamsir E, Jaya AO, Pradana AS, Putra DP, Hidayat M. Patellofemoral functional outcome of gracilis sparing compared to gracilis sacrificing ACL reconstruction. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 84:104940. [PMID: 36504706 PMCID: PMC9732112 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The hamstring is the most popular autograft used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Despite its excellent outcome, donor site morbidity is also irritating. Patellofemoral problems are reported to be one of the side effects after hamstring autograft harvesting, suggested to be due to both gracilis & semitendinosus sacrificing. Some experts propose retaining gracilis to decrease patellofemoral problems. The all-inside technique is an advantageous ACLR technique that can preserve the gracilis muscle while reducing muscle strength loss of affected limbs and the risk of knee joint instability under rotational load. This study aims to compare the patellofemoral functional outcome of both gracilis sparing and sacrificing using a validated Kujala score three months after ACLR. Methods There was total of 20 subjects who underwent ACLR between December 2021 and May 2022 and met the inclusion criteria. They were then grouped into gracilis sparing group (n = 10) and gracilis sacrificing group (n = 10). Follow up assessment (Kujala Score) was conducted during phase II of the rehabilitation program. The assessed variables were surgery technique, time of surgery-to-evaluation, and Kujala Score. Result There were no significant differences in Kujala Score between gracilis sparing and gracilis sacrificing groups (p = 0.809). There was a strong positive correlation between the time of surgery-to-evaluation and Kujala Score in each group (p = 0.942 and p = 0.910, respectively). Conclusion There are no differences in patellofemoral functional outcomes between patients who undergo gracilis sparing and gracilis sacrificing ACLR with good scores of Kujala, which means both gracilis sparing and sacrificing show no harm to the patellofemoral after the ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisna Yuarno Phatama
- Corresponding author. Jl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto No.2, Klojen, Malang, 65111, East Java, Indonesia.
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Lin TY, Chung CC, Chen WC, Su CW, Fang HW, Lu YC. Complications following all-inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2022; 46:2569-2576. [PMID: 35859213 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-022-05515-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted a comprehensive analysis of possible perioperative complications following all-inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Additional techniques and tips are proposed to prevent and manage complications. METHODS Complications following all-inside ACLR performed between December 2015 and December 2020 were retrospectively analysed. Altogether, 348 operations were performed and 275 patients were enrolled with a minimum 12-month follow-up period. Only semitendinosus autograft was utilised in most patients, and semitendinosus-gracilis autograft and allograft were used in five and 31 patients, respectively. Simultaneous meniscal repair, partial meniscectomy, and chondral surgery were performed in 29.5%, 21.1%, and 4.4% of patients, respectively. Complications were observed based on the patient's clinical condition, plain film, and magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical outcomes were assessed pre-operatively and at 12 months post-operatively, using the International Knee Documentation Committee form, Lysholm and Tegner activity scores, and KT1000 side-to-side difference. RESULTS Intraoperative and post-operative complications developed in 65 patients (23.6%). The most common complication was cortical button malposition on the femoral side (19.3%). Intra-operative breakage of the retrograde drill was found in two cases (0.73%), with three cases (1.1%) of over-drilling with destruction of the outer cortex. Post-operatively, four (1.5%), 13 (4.7%), and 16 (5.8%) cases of infection, full-thickness re-rupture, and loss of extension, respectively, were recorded. Functional outcome scales showed significant post-operative improvement. CONCLUSION Cortical button malposition was the most common but easily preventable complication. All-inside ACLR could be safe and promising after the suggested additional operative techniques and proper perioperative management which decrease complication rates and improve favourable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yu Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No.45, Minsheng Rd, Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, No. 42, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd, Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Department, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Jhongsiao E. Rd, Da'an Dist., 106344, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Chun Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No.45, Minsheng Rd, Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No.45, Minsheng Rd, Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Che-Wei Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung-San North Rd, Zhongshan Dist., 104, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsu-Wei Fang
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 45, Minsheng Rd, Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Department, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Jhongsiao E. Rd, Da'an Dist., 106344, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-Chang Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No.45, Minsheng Rd, Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 45, Minsheng Rd, Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd, Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Schützenberger S, Keller F, Grabner S, Kontic D, Schallmayer D, Komjati M, Fialka C. ACL reconstruction with femoral and tibial adjustable versus fixed-loop suspensory fixation: a retrospective cohort study. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:244. [PMID: 35440030 PMCID: PMC9020032 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cortical suspensory fixation (CSF) devices gain more and more popularity as a reliable alternative to interference screws for graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Adjustable-loop fixation may be associated with increased anterior laxity and inferior clinical outcome. The purpose of the study was to compare anterior laxity and clinical outcome after minimally invasive all-inside ACL reconstruction using an adjustable-loop (AL) to a standard technique with a fixed-loop (FL) CSF device. Methods Patients who underwent primary single-bundle ACL reconstruction with a quadrupled hamstring autograft at a single institution between 2012 and 2016 were reviewed. In the AL group minimally invasive popliteal tendon harvesting was performed with an all-inside approach (femoral and tibial sockets). In the FL group a traditional anteromedial approach was used for tendon harvesting and a femoral socket and full tibial tunnel were drilled. An objective clinical assessment was performed with Telos x-rays and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Objective Score. Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) included the IKDC Subjective Score, the Lysholm Knee Score, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Score (KOOS) and the Tegner Activity Scale. Results A total of 67 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study with a mean follow-up of 4 (± 1.5) years. The groups were homogenous at baseline regarding age, gender, and the time to surgery. At follow-up, no statistically significant differences were found regarding anterior laxity (AL: 2.3 ± 3 mm vs. FL: 2.3 ± 2.6 mm, p = 0.981). PRO scores were comparable between the AL and FL groups (IKDC score, 84.8 vs. 88.8, p = 0.185; Lysholm 87.3 vs. 89.9, p = 0.380; KOOS 90.7 vs. 91.4, p = 0.720; Tegner 5.5 vs. 6.2, p = 0.085). The rate of saphenous nerve lesions was significantly lower in the AL group with popliteal harvesting of the tendon (8.3% vs. 35.5%, p = 0.014). Conclusion The use of an adjustable-loop device on the femoral and tibial side led to similar stability and clinical results compared to a fixed-loop device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schützenberger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, AUVA Traumacenter Meidling, Kundratstrasse 37, 1120, Vienna, Austria.
| | - F Keller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, AUVA Traumacenter Meidling, Kundratstrasse 37, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Grabner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, AUVA Traumacenter Meidling, Kundratstrasse 37, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Kontic
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, AUVA Traumacenter Meidling, Kundratstrasse 37, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Schallmayer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, AUVA Traumacenter Meidling, Kundratstrasse 37, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Komjati
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sacred Heart of Jesus Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Fialka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, AUVA Traumacenter Meidling, Kundratstrasse 37, 1120, Vienna, Austria.,Department for Traumatology, Sigmund Freud Medical University, Vienna, Austria
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Bhimani R, Shahriarirad R, Ranjbar K, Erfani A, Ashkani-Esfahani S. Transportal versus all-inside techniques of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:734. [PMID: 34949188 PMCID: PMC8705139 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transportal (TP) and all-inside techniques (AIT) are the most commonly used anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction procedures in current clinical practice. However, there is an ongoing debate over which procedure is superior. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes and complications of these two techniques to propose recommendations for future application. Our primary hypothesis was that AIT is a superior ACLR technique compared to TP. Methods A systematic literature review, using PRISMA guidelines, was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and EMBASE, up to February 2021 to identify studies focusing on AIT and TP techniques of ACL reconstruction. We excluded animal experiments, cadaveric studies, retrospective studies, case reports, technical notes, and studies without quantitative data. Patients’ characteristics, surgical technical features, along with postoperative follow-up and complications were extracted and reported accordingly. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score (MCMS). Results A total of 44 studies were selected for this review, of which four were comparative studies. A total of 923 patients underwent AIT and 1678 patients underwent the TP technique for ACLR. A single semitendinosus graft was commonly used in the AIT compard to combined semitendinosus and gracilis graft in the TP group. The postoperative increase in International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Lysholm, KT-1000, and Short Form-12 (physical and mental) scores were similar in the AIT group and the TP group. Contrastingly, the VAS pain score was significantly lower in the AIT group compared to the TP group. Furthermore, the pooled complication rates from all studies were similar between the two groups (AIT: 54 patients, 8.26% vs. PT: 55 patients, 6.62%). However, the four studies that prospectively compared AIT and TP techniques showed lesser complications in the AIT group than the TP group. Conclusion Since the future trend in orthopedic surgery is toward less invasive and patients’ satisfaction with good outcomes, AIT is a good alternative method considering preserving bony tissue and gracilis tendon with less post-operative pain, along with more knee flexor strength and equal outcomes compared to conventional ACL reconstruction surgery. Level of Evidence II. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-021-02872-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Bhimani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Reza Shahriarirad
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Keivan Ranjbar
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Erfani
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran. .,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Soheil Ashkani-Esfahani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Kyriakopoulos G, Manthas S, Vlachou M, Oikonomou L, Papadakis SA, Kateros K. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With the All-Inside Technique: Equivalent Outcomes and Failure Rate at Three-Year Follow-Up Compared to a Doubled Semitendinosus-Gracilis Graft. Cureus 2021; 13:e20508. [PMID: 35070545 PMCID: PMC8764460 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare in terms of failure rates, clinical and functional outcomes the all-inside anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with double suspensory fixation and quadrupled semitendinosus autograft with anteromedial portal doubled semitendinosus-gracilis autograft with suspensory femoral and tibial interference screw fixation. Methods: Forty-four patients were sequentially allocated into two groups and followed up prospectively for a 3-year period. The first group was the all-inside group and the second was the “classic” AM portal with S-G graft. Each group comprised 22 patients. All patients underwent KT-1000 testing preoperatively and at a minimum of six months postoperatively. Visual pain analog was recorded preoperatively and during both the immediate postoperative period and throughout the follow-up. The Lysholm knee score was used comparing the preoperative and 24-month timepoints. Results: The visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores showed a significant difference at two weeks (2.4 vs 1.8, p < 0.01 ) in favor of the all-inside group, but that difference disappeared in the later follow-up visits. Similarly, there was no significant difference with Lysholm knee scores at two years and the side-to-side anterior translation measured with the KT-1000. At the three-year mark, there were no failures in either of the groups. Conclusion: The all-inside technique appears to be equivalent in terms of outcomes to the classic S-G technique, and given the less-invasive nature and versatility in graft choices is a safe and effective technique for primary ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kyriakopoulos
- A' Orthopaedic Department, General Hospital G. Gennimatas, Athens, GRC.,Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Livadeia, Livadeia, GRC
| | - Spyros Manthas
- A' Orthopaedic Department, General Hospital G.Gennimatas, Athens, GRC
| | - Maria Vlachou
- A' Orthopaedic Department, General Hospital G.Gennimatas, Athens, GRC
| | - Leon Oikonomou
- A' Orthopaedic Department, General Hospital G.Gennimatas, Athens, GRC
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Takahashi T, Watanabe S, Ito T. Current and future of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction techniques. World J Meta-Anal 2021; 9:411-437. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i5.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has generally yielded favorable outcomes. However, ACL reconstruction has not provided satisfactory results in terms of the rate of returning to sports and prevention of osteoarthritis (OA) progression. In this paper, we outline current techniques for ACL reconstruction such as graft materials, double-bundle or single-bundle reconstruction, femoral tunnel drilling, all-inside technique, graft fixation, preservation of remnant, anterolateral ligament reconstruction, ACL repair, revision surgery, treatment for ACL injury with OA and problems, and discuss expected future trends. To enable many more orthopedic surgeons to achieve excellent ACL reconstruction outcomes with less invasive surgery, further studies aimed at improving surgical techniques are warranted. Further development of biological augmentation and robotic surgery technologies for ACL reconstruction is also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Takahashi
- Department of Sports and Health Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime, Japan
| | - Seiji Watanabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
| | - Toshio Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Murakami Memorial Hospital, Saijo 793-0030, Ehime, Japan
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Looney AM, McCann JA, Serino J, Orman S, Rabe JL, Postma WF. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Graft Technique Reliably Yields Grafts With 8.0-mm Diameter or Larger. Orthopedics 2021; 44:e539-e545. [PMID: 34292809 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20210618-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The significance of graft diameter in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with soft tissue grafts is well established, with a minimum graft diameter of 8.0 mm associated with lower rates of revision surgery. Consistently achieving grafts that meet or exceed the ideal diameter of 8.0 mm is still a concern with traditional tibial screw fixation, even with quadrupled hamstring autografts. The authors hypothesized that following a simple intraoperative algorithm selectively incorporating the gracilis tendon in an 8-stranded construct for all-inside ACLR with suspensory fixation on both ends of the graft would consistently achieve graft diameters of 8.0 mm or larger by allowing more of the graft material to contribute to increased diameter instead of increased length for screw fixation, with no allograft tissue required. A total of 113 eligible cases were identified, including 70 male patients and 43 female patients (mean±SD age, 25.92±6.47 years; range, 14-49 years). All 113 grafts (100%) were at least 8.0 mm in diameter. There were 8 grafts that were 8.0 mm. Overall mean±SD graft diameter was 9.32±0.71 mm (median, 9.5 mm; range, 8.0-11.0 mm). There were no cases in which allograft tissue was needed to increase graft size. An analysis of 113 cases of all-inside hamstring autograft ACLR with dual suspensory fixation showed that a graft diameter of at least 8.0 mm was achieved in every case, without the use of allograft tissue. These results suggest that this technique for ACLR is reliable in producing grafts that meet or exceed the recommended minimum diameter of 8.0 mm. [Orthopedics. 2021;44(4):e539-e545.].
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10
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Schwartzberg RS. Editorial Commentary: With Appropriate Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Selection, All-Inside Reconstruction Results in Excellent Outcomes: Stay "Inside" and Be Cognizant of Hamstring Graft Diameter Expectations in Shorter Patients. Arthroscopy 2021; 37:3149-3151. [PMID: 34602154 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
All-inside anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a minimally invasive and anatomic technique with predictably excellent results. The array of graft choices that exists for skilled arthroscopists include semitendinosis autograft with or without gracilis, quadriceps tendon autograft, and patellar tendon autograft and allograft. The advantages of all-inside ACL reconstruction include independent femoral socket creation and less pain compared with a full tibial tunnel in the early postoperative period. This is a technique that should not trump appropriate graft selection. It is expected that autografts will fare better in younger patients who participate in activities at greater risk for ACL injuries. Selection of a semitendinosis autograft results in predictably excellent results when graft diameters are 8 mm or greater. Quadrupling the semitendinosis and adding the gracilis when needed can provide sufficient graft diameter in many patients. However, caution should be taken when harvesting hamstring grafts from shorter patients. Semitendinosis tendons in such patients are sometimes not long enough to quadruple and can result in a diameters less than 8 mm even when the gracilis is added. With appropriate graft selection, staying "inside" for ACL reconstruction is expected to result in great objective and subjective outcomes for our patients.
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Lowenstein NA, Haber DB, Ostergaard PJ, Collins JE, Matzkin EG. All-Inside Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Quadrupled Semitendinosus: Comparable 2-Year Outcomes in Male and Female Patients. Arthroscopy 2021; 37:3140-3148. [PMID: 33892073 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine 2-year functional outcomes using an all-inside quadrupled semitendinosus anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction technique in male and female patients. METHODS A total of 100 patients who underwent quadrupled semitendinosus all-inside hamstring ACL reconstruction by a single surgeon were enrolled. Patient-reported outcome scores collected preoperatively and postoperatively included visual analog scale, Veterans Rand 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12; Physical and Mental), Marx Activity Scale, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (KOOS), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). RESULTS A total of 100 ACL reconstructions comprising 62 female, and 38 male patients were included in this study. Mean graft diameter was 9.4 mm in female and 9.8 mm in male patients (range, 9-11). Outcome scores demonstrated improvement from preoperative to 2-year postoperative respectively: visual analog scale pain 3.18, 1.07, VR-12 physical 36.35, 52.64, VR-12 mental 53.96, 54.65, KOOS pain 59.17, 89.03, KOOS symptoms 52.64, 80.79, KOOS Activities of Daily Living 69.38, 95.4, KOOS Sport 28.97, 81.25, KOOS Quality of Life 27.54, 71.56, WOMAC Pain 71.56, 92.65, WOMAC Stiffness 60.55, 84.13, and WOMAC Function 69.38, 95.4. Marx activity score decreased from baseline (10.98) to 2 years' postoperatively (8.75). At 2 years, patient expectations were met or exceeded with regards to pain (94%), motion and strength (91%), normal function of daily living (95%), and return to sport (79%). CONCLUSIONS Anatomic all-inside quadrupled semitendinosus ACL reconstruction improves functional outcomes similarly to previous studies between baseline and clinical follow-up at 1-year and 2-years postoperatively and is comparable in both male and female patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Lowenstein
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Daniel B Haber
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Peter J Ostergaard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Jamie E Collins
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth G Matzkin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A..
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Graf-Alexiou L, Karpyshyn J, Baptiste JJ, Hui C, Sommerfeldt M, Westover L. Biomechanical Strength of All-Inside ACL Reconstruction Grafts Using Side-to-Side and Backup Fixation. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211006521. [PMID: 34026917 PMCID: PMC8120549 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211006521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The all-inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) procedure uses a single hamstring tendon folded twice and secured to itself to form a 4-stranded graft. There are several possible configurations for preparing the graft. Purpose: To investigate the biomechanical properties of a new graft preparation technique in comparison with 2 commonly used configurations. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Five porcine flexor tendons were prepared into the test graft configuration: side-to-side fixation with a backup fixation at the button loop (graft M). The test configuration was compared with the results of a previous study that included grafts with simple interrupted sutures (graft A; n = 5) and end-to-end fixation (graft C; n = 5). All grafts were subjected to the same mechanical testing protocol to determine the mean failure load, stiffness, rate of elongation, and total elongation during both cyclic loading and pull to failure. Differences between groups were evaluated. Results: Graft A had a significantly lower failure load (637 ± 99 N) compared with graft M (883 ± 66 N; P = .002) and graft C (846 ± 26 N; P = .002). Graft A also had significantly lower stiffness (166 ± 12 N/mm) compared with graft M (215 ± 8 N/mm; P < .001) and graft C (212 ± 11 N/mm; P < .001). Graft C had a significantly lower elongation during cyclic loading (3.42 ± 0.24 mm) compared with graft M (4.37 ± 0.74 mm; P = .026) and graft A (4.90 ± 0.88 mm; P = .006). The unsecured fixation was the weakest graft, with the lowest failure load and stiffness. The new side-to-side configuration and end-to-end configuration were equally strong. Conclusion: The new side-to-side configuration was not biomechanically superior to the end-to-end configuration; however, they were both stronger than unsecured fixation. Clinical Relevance: As the all-inside ACLR is gaining popularity, this study provides surgeons with a new method of preparing grafts and evaluates the method with respect to currently used configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Graf-Alexiou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jillian Karpyshyn
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonelle Jn Baptiste
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Hui
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark Sommerfeldt
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lindsey Westover
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Pautasso A, Capella M, Barberis L, Drocco L, Giai Via R, Bistolfi A, Massè A, Sabatini L. All-inside technique in ACL reconstruction: mid-term clinical outcomes and comparison with AM technique (Hamstrings and BpTB grafts). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY & TRAUMATOLOGY : ORTHOPEDIE TRAUMATOLOGIE 2021; 31:465-472. [PMID: 32936315 PMCID: PMC7981303 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-020-02798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to define the subjective and objective clinical results of all-inside surgical technique at a medium-term follow-up and to compare these results with those obtained from antero-medial (AM) ACL reconstruction technique using hamstrings (HS) or bone-patellar tendon-bone (BpTB) grafts to detect eventual superiority of one technique to another. METHODS A retrospective analysis of routinely collected data was conducted. Inclusion criteria were ACL reconstruction through all-inside technique or AM technique with HS or BpTB performed between January 2015 and May 2018; age between 15 and 30 year old; minimum 24 months' available follow-up. Exclusion criteria were contralateral ACL reconstruction; need for any other associated procedures during surgery. Clinical outcomes were assessed with KOOS, Lysholm, Tegner scores and KT-1000 device. RESULTS According to the selection criteria, 157 patients were enrolled and divided subsequently into 3 groups: all-inside (51 patients), AM-HS (53 patients) and AM-BpTB (53 patients). A significant postoperative improvement of each score in all groups was detected. The mean KT-1000 was 3.1 ± 1.0 mm in all-inside group, while 3.3 ± 1.4 mm and 2.5 ± 0.4 mm in AM-HS and AM-BpTB groups, respectively. Comparing the results obtained, no statistically significant difference was found between the three techniques (p = 0.27). Statistically significant differences were highlighted in surgical duration: all-inside method was the longest (117'), followed by AM-BpTB surgery (101') and AM-HS technique (87'). CONCLUSIONS The all-inside technique showed good postoperative results at medium-term follow-up. It could be a valuable solution for ACL reconstruction, especially in young patients due to its less invasiveness, despite surgical skills and time needed. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pautasso
- University of Turin, Via Gianfranco Zuretti 29, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Marcello Capella
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Orthopaedic and Trauma Center, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Via Gianfranco Zuretti 29, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Barberis
- University of Turin, Via Gianfranco Zuretti 29, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Drocco
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Orthopaedic and Trauma Center, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Via Gianfranco Zuretti 29, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Bistolfi
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Orthopaedic and Trauma Center, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Via Gianfranco Zuretti 29, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massè
- University of Turin, Via Gianfranco Zuretti 29, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Orthopaedic and Trauma Center, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Via Gianfranco Zuretti 29, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Sabatini
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Orthopaedic and Trauma Center, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Via Gianfranco Zuretti 29, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Original study: early patient-reported functional outcome of all-inside ACL reconstruction as compared to anteromedial portal technique. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2021; 31:1477-1483. [PMID: 33634332 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-021-02912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anteromedial portal technique (AMP) using hamstring autograft is a popular technique of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction allowing anatomical placement of femoral. In this technique, a cortical suspensory fixation of graft is used on the femoral side and interference screw fixation on the tibial side using a complete bone tunnel. All-inside translateral technique is a recently introduced technique which uses a closed loop of quadrupled semitendinosus graft with an adjustable cortical suspensory fixation on both sides allowing optimum tensioning of graft and near-complete filling of retrosockets created by the flip cutter on both femoral and tibial sides. With its proposed but unproven benefits, our study was planned to compare the two techniques. METHODS A total of 80 young active males requiring ACL reconstruction surgery were equally randomized to AMP and All-inside technique. The primary objective of the study was to compare the ability to return to pre-injury level of activity using Tegner activity scale and patient-reported outcome using new Knee Society Score (KSS) at two years of follow-up. RESULTS The mean improvement in Tegner score was significantly better (p = 0.0005) in all-inside group (2.34 ± 0.97) as compared to AMP group (1.5 ± 1.30). Among components of new KSS, patient satisfaction was better in all-inside group. CONCLUSION All-inside ACL reconstruction provides a better chance of return to pre-injury level of activity with accompanied patient satisfaction as compared to AMP technique at two years of follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, therapeutic study.
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Beletsky A, Naami E, Lu Y, Polce EM, Nwachukwu BU, Okoroha KR, Chahla J, Yanke AB, Forsythe B, Cole BJ, Verma NN. The Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State in Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Predictors of Achievement. Arthroscopy 2021; 37:600-605. [PMID: 32911006 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2020.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify thresholds for patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) achievement in a cohort of primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) recipients, and to identify factors predictive of PASS achievement. METHODS A prospective clinical registry was queried for primary ACLR patients from January 2014 to April 2017 with serial patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) completion at 6, 12, and 24 months. Exclusion criteria included significant concomitant procedures. Knee-based PROMs included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscores. PASS threshold values were calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves with area under the curve (AUC) analysis. A stepwise multivariate regression identified preoperative and operative predictors of PASS achievement. RESULTS A total of 144 primary ACLR patients (30.86 ± 12.78 years, body mass index 25.51 ± 4.64, 41.0% male) were included in the analysis. PASS threshold values were established using ROC curve analysis, all of which exceeded 0.7 on AUC analysis (0.742 to 0.911). Factors impacting odds of PASS achievement in the ACLR cohort included preoperative exercises (odds ratio [OR] 2.95 to 4.74, P = .003 to .038), worker's compensation status (OR 0.25 to 0.28, P = .014 to .033), preoperative scores (OR 1.03 to 1.07, P = .005 to <.001), iliotibial band tenodesis (OR 11.08, P = .010), and anteromedial approach (OR 18.03 to 37.05, P < .001). CONCLUSION Factors predictive of PASS achievement in recipients of primary ACLR include functional status (e.g., preoperative exercise, preoperative KOOS Sport/Recreation score), worker's compensation status, technique (e.g., anteromedial) and preoperative PROMs. The results of our study are important in better informing shared decision-making models and improving evidence-based guidelines to optimize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Beletsky
- Division of Sports Medicine, Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Edmund Naami
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Yining Lu
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Evan M Polce
- Division of Sports Medicine, Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Benedict U Nwachukwu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Kelechi R Okoroha
- Division of Sports Medicine, Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Jorge Chahla
- Division of Sports Medicine, Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Adam B Yanke
- Division of Sports Medicine, Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Brian Forsythe
- Division of Sports Medicine, Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Brian J Cole
- Division of Sports Medicine, Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Nikhil N Verma
- Division of Sports Medicine, Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A..
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Marín Fermín T, Hovsepian JM, Symeonidis PD, Terzidis I, Papakostas ET. Insufficient evidence to support peroneus longus tendon over other autografts for primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review. J ISAKOS 2020; 6:161-169. [PMID: 34006580 DOI: 10.1136/jisakos-2020-000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Graft choice for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) remains a subject of interest among orthopaedic surgeons because no ideal graft has yet been found. Peroneus longus tendon (PLT) has emerged as an alternative autograft for reconstruction in kneeling populations and in simultaneous anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the current evidence on the outcome of primary ACLR with PLT autograft in adults and donor ankle morbidity, in addition to determining the average PLT graft dimensions from published studies. EVIDENCE REVIEW Two independent reviewers searched PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Scopus and Virtual Health Library databases using the terms "anterior cruciate ligament," "peroneus longus" and "fibularis longus" alone and in combination with Boolean operators AND/OR. Studies evaluating clinical and stability outcomes, graft-donor ankle morbidity and graft dimensions of PLT in ACLR were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score (mCMS). A narrative analysis is presented using frequency-weighted means wherever feasible. Publication bias was assessed using the ROBIS tool. FINDINGS Twelve articles with intermediate-level methodological quality were included. Eight studies assessing the clinical and stability outcomes of reconstruction with PLT showed satisfactory outcomes, similar to those of hamstring tendons (HT). No studies assessed anterior knee pain as an outcome. Six studies evaluated the graft-donor ankle morbidity using general functional foot and ankle scores and non-validated tools, showing favourable outcomes. Nine studies assessed PLT graft diameter, revealing grafts consistently larger than 7 mm among the different preparation techniques, which is comparable with reports of HT grafts. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The clinical and stability outcomes of ACLR with different PLT autograft preparation techniques are comparable with those of HT during short-term follow-up; however, there is insufficient evidence to support its use in the populations that motivated its implementation. Thus, stronger evidence obtained with the use of validated tools reporting negligible donor-graft ankle morbidity after PLT harvesting is required prior to recommending its routine use, despite the consistency of its dimensions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodorakys Marín Fermín
- Orthopedics, Hospital Periferico de Coche, Caracas, Capital District, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of .,Sports Medicine Orthopaedics, TheMIS Orthopaedic Center, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Jean Michel Hovsepian
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Chirurgisches Klinikum München Süd, München, Bayern, Germany
| | | | - Ioannis Terzidis
- Sports Medicine Orthopaedics, TheMIS Orthopaedic Center, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece.,St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Theodorus Papakostas
- Sports Medicine Orthopaedics, TheMIS Orthopaedic Center, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece.,Sports Medicine Orthopaedics, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
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17
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Abdul W, Guro R, Jawad Z, Kotwal R, Chandratreya A. Clinical outcomes of primary anatomic all-inside Anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction using the TransLateral technique: A minimum one-year follow-up study. Knee 2020; 27:1753-1763. [PMID: 33197814 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anatomic all-inside Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction using the TransLateral technique is relatively new. This technique utilises single tendon autograft and instruments permitting inside-to-out drilling to create retrograde sockets. Few studies have investigated clinical outcomes following this technique. We investigate clinical outcomes in patients who underwent primary anatomic all-inside ACL reconstruction using the TransLateral technique with a minimum one-year follow-up. METHODS Interrogation of our prospectively maintained database identified patients who underwent surgery from June 2013 to December 2017. Patients were followed up clinically and using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) including EQ-5D, KOOS, IKDC and Tegner scores from the National Ligament Registry. Paired two-tailed Student t-test was used to assess for clinical significance. RESULTS One hundred forty-one cases with a mean age of 30 years (range 16.0-60.2) and mean follow-up of 17.4 months (12.1-75.2) were included. Grafts included isolated quadrupled semitendinosus (n = 115) and both quadrupled semitendinosus and gracilis (n = 26). One hundred and two patients (72.3%) had complete peri-operative PROMS. Mean increases in EQ-5D VAS and IKDC scores were 18.9 and 29.2 points (p < 0.001). Significant peri-operative improvements were observed for all KOOS domains (p < 0.001). Median Tegner activity score increased by two levels (p < 0.001). Incidence of graft re-rupture was 5.7% (n = 8), all were following significant knee trauma and seven cases were mid-bundle femoral tunnel placements. CONCLUSIONS All-inside ACL reconstruction using the TransLateral technique demonstrates good clinical and functional outcomes with low complication and failure rate. Mid-bundle femoral tunnel placements have been abandoned in favour of placement deep within the anteromedial bundle footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahid Abdul
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Princess of Wales Hospital, Bridgend CF31 1RQ, Wales, United Kingdom.
| | - Randy Guro
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Princess of Wales Hospital, Bridgend CF31 1RQ, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Zayd Jawad
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Princess of Wales Hospital, Bridgend CF31 1RQ, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul Kotwal
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Princess of Wales Hospital, Bridgend CF31 1RQ, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Amit Chandratreya
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Princess of Wales Hospital, Bridgend CF31 1RQ, Wales, United Kingdom
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Roger J, Bertani A, Vigouroux F, Mottier F, Gaillard R, Have L, Rongièras F. ACL reconstruction using a quadruple semitendinosus graft with cortical fixations gives suitable isokinetic and clinical outcomes after 2 years. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:2468-2477. [PMID: 32699919 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this single-center randomized single-blinded trial was to assess the hypothesis that anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using a four-strand semitendinosus (ST) graft with adjustable femoral and tibial cortical fixation produced good outcomes compared to an ST/gracilis (ST/G) graft with femoral pin transfixation and tibial bioscrew fixation. Follow-up was 2 years. METHODS Patients older than 16 years who underwent primary isolated ACLR included for 1 year until August 2017 were eligible. The primary outcome measures were the subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, isokinetic muscle strength recovery, and return to work within 2 years. The study was approved by the ethics committee. RESULTS Of 66 eligible patients, 60 completed the study and were included, 33 in the 4ST group and 27 in the ST/G group. Mean age was 30.5 ± 8.9 years in the 4ST group and 30.3 ± 8.5 in the ST/G group (n.s.). No significant between-group differences were found for mean postoperative subjective IKDC (4ST group, 80.2 ± 12.5; ST/G group, 83.6 ± 13.6; n.s.), side-to-side percentage deficits in isokinetic hamstring strength (at 60°/s: ST group, 17% ± 16%; ST/G group, 14% ± 11%; n.s.) or quadriceps strength (at 60°/s: ST group, 14% ± 12%; ST/G group, 19% ± 17%; n.s.), return to work, pain during physical activities, side-to-side differential laxity, balance, loss of flexion/extension, or surgical complications. CONCLUSION This trial demonstrates that functional outcomes after 4ST for ACLR with cortical fixations could be as good, although not better, than those obtained using ST/G. The 4ST technique spares the gracilis tendon, which thus preserves the medial sided muscle and thereby could improve function and limit donor-side morbidity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Roger
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hôpital de La Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix Rousse, 69004, Lyon, France.
| | - Antoine Bertani
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Florence Vigouroux
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Service de Santé des Armées, Saint-Mandé, France
| | - Franck Mottier
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Pierre Oudot, Bourgoin-Jallieu, France
| | - Romain Gaillard
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hôpital de La Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix Rousse, 69004, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Have
- Department of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Rongièras
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Bowes J, Mohamed N, Baptiste JJ, Westover L, Hui C, Sommerfeldt M. Biomechanical Comparison of Graft Preparation Techniques for All-Inside Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Orthop J Sports Med 2020; 8:2325967120938039. [PMID: 32782906 PMCID: PMC7383687 DOI: 10.1177/2325967120938039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: All-inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is an emerging technique used to treat ACL injuries. The all-inside technique uses a 4-stranded graft made from a single tendon that is looped on itself. The 4 strands of the graft must be secured to each other to become a closed-loop structure. Various suture configurations exist to secure the graft to adjustable loop devices, and there is a lack of data to support one technique over another. In addition to the primary sutures used to fasten the graft together, accessory sutures can be tied over the button as secondary fixation. Purpose: To evaluate biomechanical properties of 4-stranded grafts prepared in 5 different configurations. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Porcine flexor tendons (N = 25) were prepared in 5 different configurations (n = 5 tendons per group): simple-interrupted sutures (unsecured fixation), side-to-side fixation with and without secondary fixation, and end-to-end fixation with and without secondary fixation. The grafts were put through the same mechanical testing protocol (cyclic loading, pull to failure) to measure average load at graft failure, average displacement at failure, average stiffness, and average elongation rate. Differences between graft preparation techniques were investigated using 1-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) with post hoc t tests (P < .05). Results: Significant 1-way ANOVAs for each biomechanical property were found. Unsecured fixation was the weakest graft preparation with the lowest stiffness (167 ± 12 N/mm), lowest ultimate failure load (637 ± 99 N), and highest elongation rate (0.0033 ± 0.0007 mm/s). End-to-end fixation without secondary fixation showed the highest ultimate failure load (846 ± 26 N), highest stiffness (212 ± 10 N/mm), and lowest rate of elongation (0.0025 ± 0.0001 mm/s). End-to-end fixation, both with and without secondary fixation, as well as side-to-side fixation with secondary fixation showed significantly higher ultimate failure loads than grafts with unsecured fixation. End-to-end fixation performed better than side-to-side fixation; however, for most variables, the difference was not statistically significant. Secondary fixation did not provide significant improvement. Conclusion: The all-inside ACL graft with simple-interrupted sutures is biomechanically inferior to a graft that has its free ends secured to the adjustable tibial loop. Adding secondary fixation to the tibial button does not significantly change the biomechanical properties. Further clinical studies are required to determine whether these findings translate into differences in clinical outcome. Clinical Relevance: All-inside ACLR is gaining popularity in hamstring ACL reconstructive techniques. These results provide surgeons with guidance on the best graft preparation method when using a single quadrupled hamstring tendon graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bowes
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nada Mohamed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonelle Jn Baptiste
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lindsey Westover
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Hui
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark Sommerfeldt
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Plaweski S, Lanternier H. Is quadruple semitendinosus tendon strands autograft a better choice than hamstring autograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? A comparative study with a mean follow-up of 3 years. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2020; 30:1473-1479. [PMID: 32617686 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-020-02729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of ST4 with those of STGs with a minimum follow-up of 3 years. The hypothesis was that functional outcomes of the ST4 technique are at least as good as those of the STG technique. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study. Level of evidence, 3 METHODS: Eighty-seven consecutive patients underwent isolated ACL reconstruction, 50 with the ST4 and 37 with STG. At the femoral side for both groups, the system of the fixation of the graft used a cortical fixation support and at the tibial side the group STG used an interference screw and the ST4 group used a tape locked system fixed by an interference screw. Clinical results were compared: IKDC score, KT-1000 arthrometry, radiologic evaluation of the differential laxity, as well as the Tegner score and the KOOS score. RESULTS Two patients had a rerupture (STG), one in the ST4 group. The analysis of the subjective clinical results showed no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Differential laximetry was 0.7 mm ± 0.4 (0 to 2 mm) for the ST4 group and 1.6 ± 0.5 mm (0 to 3 mm) for the STG group with a statistically significant difference in favor of the ST4 group (p < 0.05). Age, sex, and presence of meniscal lesions were the factors influencing the KOOS score. CONCLUSION This study comparing the clinical and laximetric results at the minimum 3-year follow-up of 2 ACL reconstruction techniques (ST4 vs STG) confirms the working hypothesis with an overall better score for the ST4 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Plaweski
- Clinique Universitaire de Chirurgie Orthopédique Et Traumatologie du Sport, Hôpital Sud CHU Grenoble, 38047, Grenoble, France.
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Kuršumović K, Charalambous CP. Relationship of Graft Type and Vancomycin Presoaking to Rate of Infection in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. JBJS Rev 2020; 8:e1900156. [DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.19.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Di Benedetto P, Giardini P, Beltrame A, Mancuso F, Gisonni R, Causero A. Histological analysis of ACL reconstruction failures due to synthetic-ACL (LARS) ruptures. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:136-145. [PMID: 32555088 PMCID: PMC7944832 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i4-s.9702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction is an established surgical procedure. Synthetic ligaments represent an option for ACL reconstruction. Their popularity declined for the raising concerns due to re-ruptures, knee synovitis and early arthritis related to I and II generation artificial ligaments. The introduction of a III generation synthetic ligament (Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System-LARS) permitted renewed interest in the adoption of this kind of graft. Main purpose of our study was to describe the histological findings on samples obtained from a consecutive series of ACL revision surgeries due to LARS ACL reconstruction failures. Secondary aim was to determine the reason for LARS rupture. METHODS In a period between 2016 and 2018 eleven patients underwent ACL revision surgery due to LARS ACL reconstruction failure. At the time of the arthroscopic procedure, samples of synovial membrane and remnants of the torn LARS were sent to the Pathological-Anatomy Institute of our Hospital for a histological analysis. RESULTS Histological analysis of the synovial tissues confirmed the arthroscopic evidence of synovitis mainly characterized by chronic inflammation with predominance of multinucleated giant cells. The adoption of polarized light microscopy revealed the presence of brightly bi-refractive material (LARS wear particles) in the synovial tissue; at higher magnification wear debris were detected inside the cytoplasma of multi nucleated cells. The histological analysis of the removed LARS revealed a surrounding typical foreign body reaction with poor signs of fibrovascular ingrowth of the synthetic ligament. CONCLUSIONS Our findings could not clearly advocate a unique mechanism of LARS-ACL reconstruction failure: biologic issues (poor tissue ingrowth) and mechanical issues (fibers properties and tunnel position) probably concur in a multi factorial manner. ACL reconstruction using artificial ligaments can not be considered a simple surgery. Artificial augments require some expertise and could therefore achieve better results if used by skilled sport surgeons other than trainees or low volume surgeons. The Authors believe that ACL reconstruction with synthetic devices still have restricted indications for selected patients (e.g. elderly patients who require a fast recovery, professional athlete, autologous tendons not available and/or refusing donor tendons). Our study arises additional suspicion on the unresponsiveness of synthetic fibers and claim some concern in the implantation of synthetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesco Mancuso
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Unit, ASUFC - Tolmezzo General Hospital, Tolmezzo (UD), Italy.
| | | | - Araldo Causero
- Clinic of Orthopaedics, Academic Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy..
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Shah R, Srinivasan S, Hamed Y, Menon DK. Clinico-radiological outcomes following anatomical anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the TransLateral, all-inside technique. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2020; 11:S326-S331. [PMID: 32523288 PMCID: PMC7275287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We present early clinical outcomes of patients following anatomical anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a TransLateral, single bundle, all-inside technique with a one-year follow-up and radiological evaluation of socket position. Eligible Patients who underwent a primary ACL reconstruction, using the TransLateral, all-inside technique alone, between Jan 2013 and Feb 2016 were included in this study. Of this group, all patients underwent isolated semitendinosus graft harvest. The Lysholm knee scores were measured preoperatively and at one-year follow-up in 40 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction. Postoperatively, antero-posterior and lateral radiographs were obtained to evaluate the position of the femoral socket (using the Bernard and Hertel Grid) and tibial socket (using the Amis-Jakob line). There were 36 males and 4 females with a mean age of 27.1 years (range 16-49). There was a single non-surgical related mortality prior to the one year follow up. We report no postoperative infections or graft failure at one year. The mean preoperative Lysholm score was 68.7 (Range: 29-95). The mean Lysholm score increased to 92.5% (Range: 59-100, p < 0.05). Evaluation of femoral sockets revealed accurate positioning on the Bernard and Hertel Grid with a mean ACL center of 27% along Blumensaat's line and 34% of the height of the intercondylar notch. The mean tibial socket position was 41.8% (Range: 32%-47%) along the Amis-Jakob Line. Our single surgeon case series utilizing the all-inside, TransLateral ACLR technique highlights good early outcomes with no postoperative complications or graft failure at one year.
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Bachmaier S, DiFelice GS, Sonnery-Cottet B, Douoguih WA, Smith PA, Pace LJ, Ritter D, Wijdicks CA. Treatment of Acute Proximal Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears-Part 2: The Role of Internal Bracing on Gap Formation and Stabilization of Repair Techniques. Orthop J Sports Med 2020; 8:2325967119897423. [PMID: 32064294 PMCID: PMC6987493 DOI: 10.1177/2325967119897423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The latest biomechanical studies on some form of internal bracing have shown improved stabilization for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair, but gap formation and load-sharing function have not yet been reported. HYPOTHESIS Internal bracing of an adjustable ACL repair construct provides improved stabilization with reduced gap formation and higher residual loading on the ACL. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Internally braced ACL repair constructs with single- and double-cinch loop (CL) cortical buttons, a knotless suture anchor, and a single-CL cortical button with adjustable loop fixation (CLS-ALD) were tested (n = 20 each) in a porcine model at 4 different loads (n = 5 each) over 4000 cycles at 0.75 Hz (n = 80 total). The CLS-ALD technique allowed for additional preconditioning (10 cycles at 0.5 Hz). Test results of the isolated internal brace groups served as a baseline for comparison. Lastly, specimens were pulled to failure (50 mm/min) with a cut internal brace. Final loading and gap formation on the ACL repair construct as well as ultimate strength were analyzed. RESULTS A statistical significance for peak loads over peak elongation was found between the CLS-ALD and all other reinforced groups (analysis of covariance, P < .001). Accordingly, the adjustable repair technique showed improved load-bearing capability with the internal brace compared with all other fixed repair groups and revealed significantly higher loads than the knotted single-CL group. Also, significantly reduced gap formation was found for the CLS-ALD compared with all other groups (P < .001), with no gap formation up to 150 N with a final gap of 0.85 ± 0.31 mm at 350 N. A significantly higher ultimate failure load (866.2 ± 104.0 N; P < .001) was found for the button-fixed internal brace group compared with all other groups. CONCLUSION Internal bracing had a crucial role in improving the stabilization potential of ACL repair at loads occurring during normal daily activity. The added strength of the internal brace allowed for reducing peak loads on the ACL repair construct as well as restricting gap formation to below 3 mm at loads up to 350 N. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Improvements in the mechanical characteristics of current ACL repair techniques that enable reduced gap formation and allow for early range of motion and accelerated rehabilitation may strengthen the self-healing response with the formation of stable scar tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wiemi A. Douoguih
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of
Columbia, USA
| | | | - Lee J. Pace
- Connecticut Children’s Specialty Group, Hartford, Connecticut,
USA
| | - Daniel Ritter
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Arthrex, Munich, Germany
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Kızılgöz V, Sivrioğlu AK, Aydın H, Ulusoy GR, Çetin T, Tuncer K. The Combined Effect of Body Mass Index and Tibial Slope Angles on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk in Male Knees: A Case-Control Study. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS 2019; 12:1179544119867922. [PMID: 31427857 PMCID: PMC6681250 DOI: 10.1177/1179544119867922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Tibial slope angles (TSAs) have been identified as potential risk factors of
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in the literature. A higher body
mass index (BMI) might increase the risk of ACL tear because of greater
axial compressive force. The aim of this study was to determine the
relationship of these factors and the combined effect of BMI and TSA in
determination of risk potential for ACL injury. Methods: The preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images of 81 ACL-injured male knees
and of 68 male individuals with no ACL injuries were evaluated by 2
radiologists to measure the TSA. The Mann-Whitney U-test
was performed to indicate the significant difference in height, weight, and
BMI values. The independent samples t-test was used to
determine the differences between ACL-injured and non-injured groups
regarding TSA values. Odds ratios were calculated by logistic regression
tests, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves revealed the area
under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) values to compare
the relationships of these parameters with ACL injury. Results: Body mass index, lateral tibial slope (LTS), and medial tibial slope (MTS)
were predictive of ACL risk injury. Body mass index alone had the greatest
effect among these parameters, and there were no statistically significant
differences in coronal tibial slope values between the ACL-ruptured and
control groups. The greatest AUC was observed for the combination of BMI,
MTS, and LTS. Conclusions: Body mass index, LTS, and MTS angles were associated with ACL injury risk and
BMI + MTS + LTS together revealed the greatest effect on ACL injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Kızılgöz
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Ali Kemal Sivrioğlu
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Izmit, Turkey
| | - Hasan Aydın
- Department of Radiology, Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Ragıp Ulusoy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Türkhun Çetin
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Kutsi Tuncer
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Tachibana Y, Shino K, Mae T, Iuchi R, Take Y, Nakagawa S. Anatomical rectangular tunnels identified with the arthroscopic landmarks result in excellent outcomes in ACL reconstruction with a BTB graft. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:2680-2690. [PMID: 30460396 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-5300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate tunnel locations and clinical outcomes after anatomic rectangular tunnel (ART) anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using a bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) graft. METHODS Sixty-one patients with a primary unilateral ACL injury were included. Tunnels were created inside the ACL attachment areas after carefully removing the ACL remnant and clearly identifying the bony landmarks. Using 3-dimensional computed tomography (3-D CT) images, the proportion of the tunnel apertures to the anatomical attachment areas was evaluated at 3 weeks. The clinical outcomes were evaluated at 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS Geographically, the 3-D CT evaluation showed the entire femoral tunnel aperture; at least 75% of the entire tibial tunnel aperture area was consistently located inside the anatomical attachment areas surrounded by the bony landmarks. In the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective assessment, all patients were classified as 'normal' or 'nearly normal'. The Lachman test and pivot-shift test were negative in 98.4% and 95.1% of patients, respectively. The mean side-to-side difference of the anterior laxity at the maximum manual force with a KT- 1000 Knee Arthrometer was 0.2 ± 0.9 mm, with 95.1% of patients ranging from - 1 to + 2 mm. CONCLUSION By identifying arthroscopic landmarks, the entire femoral tunnel aperture and at least 75% of the entire tibial tunnel aperture area were consistently located inside the anatomical attachment areas. With properly created tunnels inside the anatomical attachment areas, the ART ACLR using a BTB graft could provide satisfactory outcomes both subjectively and objectively in more than 95% of patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Case series, Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tachibana
- Sports Orthopaedic Center, Yukioka Hospital, 2-2-3 Ukita, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 530-0021, Japan.
| | - Konsei Shino
- Sports Orthopaedic Center, Yukioka Hospital, 2-2-3 Ukita, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 530-0021, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Mae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Iuchi
- Sports Orthopaedic Center, Yukioka Hospital, 2-2-3 Ukita, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 530-0021, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Take
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeto Nakagawa
- Sports Orthopaedic Center, Yukioka Hospital, 2-2-3 Ukita, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 530-0021, Japan
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Agarwalla A, Puzzitiello RN, Liu JN, Cvetanovich GL, Gowd AK, Verma NN, Cole BJ, Forsythe B. Timeline for Maximal Subjective Outcome Improvement After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:2501-2509. [PMID: 30419175 DOI: 10.1177/0363546518803365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are one of the most common traumatic knee injuries experienced by athletes. Return to sport is considered the pinnacle endpoint among patients receiving ACL reconstruction. However, at the time of return to sport, patients may not be participating at their previous levels of function, as defined by clinical metrics. PURPOSE To establish when patients perceive maximal subjective medical improvement according to patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS A systematic review of the PubMed database was conducted to identify studies that reported sequential PROMs up to a minimum of 2 years after ACL reconstruction. Pooled analysis was conducted for PROMs at follow-up points of 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Clinically significant improvement was determined between pairs of intervals with the minimal clinically important difference. RESULTS This review contains 30 studies including 2253 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction. Clinically significant improvement in the KOOS (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) was seen up to 1 year after ACL reconstruction, but no clinical significance was noted from 1 to 2 years. Clinically significant improvement in the IKDC (International Knee Documentation Committee) and Lysholm questionnaires was seen up to 6 months postoperatively, but no clinical significance was noted beyond that. CONCLUSION After ACL reconstruction, maximal subjective medical improvement is established 1 year postoperatively, with no further perceived clinical improvement beyond this time point according to current PROMs. The KOOS may be a more responsive metric to subjective improvements in this patient cohort than other patient-reported outcomes, such as the IKDC and Lysholm. CLINICAL RELEVANCE After ACL reconstruction, patients perceive interval subjective improvements until 1 year postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinesh Agarwalla
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard N Puzzitiello
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph N Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Gregory L Cvetanovich
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Anirudh K Gowd
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nikhil N Verma
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian J Cole
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian Forsythe
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Takahashi T, Watanabe S, Miura H. All-Inside Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction via the Transtibial Approach With a Laser-Tip Guide System for Drilling. Arthrosc Tech 2019; 8:e755-e762. [PMID: 31485403 PMCID: PMC6715831 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using an all-inside method to reduce bone damage caused by drill hole preparation and enhance the stability of the reconstructed ligament in the drill hole has been reported in recent years. We made a custom-designed drill guide pin and reamer, which are assembled in the joint, to create drill holes in the femur and tibia. For the transtibial method, our femoral drill hole-positioning technique, which uses a laser, is extremely convenient for accurate positioning of the drill holes. Therefore, a combination of these methods facilitates implementation of the all-inside double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Takahashi
- Address correspondence to Toshiaki Takahashi, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
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Synovec J, Shaw KA, Antosh IJ, Grassbaugh J, Tucker CJ, Parada SA, Arrington E. Current Practices in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in the U.S. Military: A Survey of the Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons. Mil Med 2019; 184:e249-e255. [PMID: 30690621 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usy142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John Synovec
- Department of Orthopedics, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, 300 E Hospital RD, Fort Gordon, GA
| | - K Aaron Shaw
- Department of Orthopedics, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, 300 E Hospital RD, Fort Gordon, GA
| | - Ivan J Antosh
- Department of Orthopedics, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, 300 E Hospital RD, Fort Gordon, GA
| | - Jason Grassbaugh
- Department of Orthopedics, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Fort Lewis, WA
| | - Christopher J Tucker
- Department of Orthopedics, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr, San Antonio, TX
| | - Stephen A Parada
- Department of Orthopedics, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, 300 E Hospital RD, Fort Gordon, GA
| | - Edward Arrington
- Department of Orthopedics, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Fort Lewis, WA
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Over-the-top ACL reconstruction yields comparable outcomes to traditional ACL reconstruction in primary and revision settings: a systematic review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:427-444. [PMID: 30078121 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-5084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess clinical outcomes of over-the-top (OTT) ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in skeletally mature patients, where physeal sparing is not a consideration. The hypothesis is that OTT will produce successful yet inferior outcomes compared to anatomic ACL approaches in both primary and revision settings. METHODS Two reviewers searched two online databases (EMBASE and MEDLINE) from inception to October 2017 for literature on OTT ACLR in skeletally mature patients. The systematic screening process was completed in duplicate, independently, and based on predetermined criteria. An expert in the field was consulted to resolve disagreements for full-text screening. Quality assessment of included papers was performed independently and in duplicate. RESULTS From 3148 initial studies, 16 eligible studies (three RCTs and 13 case series) satisfied inclusion criteria. Three focused on the revision setting. The mean age of patients undergoing primary reconstruction was 26.9 ± 3.6, with 21.3% female patients and 31.4 ± 1.2 (26.1% female) in revision settings. Of primary studies reporting return to sport (n = 151), 69% of patients returned to pre-injury sports participation, with a total 94% returning to any sports activity. In revision settings (n = 48), 52.1% of patients returned to pre-injury sports participation, 25.2% returned to a lower level and 12.5% ceased sporting activity. Primary reconstruction studies reported a mean post-operative Tegner score of 6.5 ± 0.5 (n = 181) and mean KOOS of 82.8 ± 8.1 (n = 96). Primary studies reported a total 13 graft failures (3.7%), seven of which were re-ruptures (2.0%). The revision failure rate was 8.4% (four patients). CONCLUSION Clinically important outcomes for OTT ACLR are comparable to literature figures for traditional all-inside, transtibial and/or anteromedial portal drilling techniques. This holds true in revision settings. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Desai VS, Anderson GR, Wu IT, Levy BA, Dahm DL, Camp CL, Krych AJ, Stuart MJ. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Hamstring Autograft: A Matched Cohort Comparison of the All-Inside and Complete Tibial Tunnel Techniques. Orthop J Sports Med 2019; 7:2325967118820297. [PMID: 30671490 PMCID: PMC6327334 DOI: 10.1177/2325967118820297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most common orthopaedic procedures, with an estimated 100,000 to 175,000 procedures performed annually. Recently, the all-inside reconstruction technique has come into favor and is theorized to be superior to the complete tibial tunnel technique. Purpose: To compare clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for hamstring autograft ACL reconstruction (ACLR) performed with an all-inside versus a complete tibial tunnel technique. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients who underwent hamstring autograft ACLR via either an all-inside approach (femoral and tibial sockets) or a complete tibial tunnel approach (femoral socket and full-length, transtibial tunnel) at a single institution between July 2011 and July 2015 were reviewed. Demographic information, preoperative comorbidities, surgical details, physical examination findings, and follow-up outcomes were extracted from the medical record. Physical examination data included pivot-shift, Lachman, and range of motion examinations, whereas PROs included the Tegner activity scale, Lysholm score, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score at a minimum of 2 years after surgery. Return to sport and risk factors for failure were analyzed. Results: A total of 82 patients (mean ± SD age, 25.8 ± 10.2 years) who underwent all-inside reconstruction (median PRO follow-up, 30.1 months; range, 24.7-72.9 months) and 54 patients (mean ± SD age, 21.1 ± 7.3 years) who underwent complete tibial tunnel reconstruction (median PRO follow-up, 25.8 months; range, 23.9-74.5 months) met the inclusion criteria. PRO scores at latest follow-up were comparable between the all-inside versus the complete tibial tunnel groups (Lysholm score, 93.8 vs 94.4, P = .621; IKDC score, 93.5 vs 93.3, P = .497; Tegner activity score, 6.4 vs 6.8, P = .048). Complications (including graft failure) were experienced by 20% of patients in the all-inside group compared with 24% in the complete tibial tunnel group (P = .530). Graft failure before the final follow-up was experienced by 10% of patients in the all-inside group compared with 19% in the complete tibial tunnel group (P = .200). Mean return to sport was 12.5 months in the all-inside group versus 9.9 months in the complete tibial tunnel group (P = .028). Conclusion: All-inside and complete tibial tunnel hamstring autograft ACLR resulted in excellent physical examination findings and PROs at minimum 2-year follow-up. Both techniques successfully restored knee stability and patient function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal S Desai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory R Anderson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Isabella T Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bruce A Levy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Diane L Dahm
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christopher L Camp
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron J Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael J Stuart
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Heusdens CHW, Hopper GP, Dossche L, Roelant E, Mackay GM. Anterior cruciate ligament repair with Independent Suture Tape Reinforcement: a case series with 2-year follow-up. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:60-67. [PMID: 30382289 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-5239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The treatment of acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures with a repair technique has recently regained interest. A novel ACL repair technique was described using Independent Suture Tape Reinforcement with 2-year follow-up results. METHODS Forty-two consecutive patients with an acute ACL rupture undergoing repair using this technique were followed up for a minimum of 2 years. Patients with mid-substance, distal ACL ruptures, poor ACL tissue quality or retracted ACL remnants as well as patients with multi-ligament injuries were excluded. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAS-pain), Veterans RAND 12 Item Health Survey (VR-12) and the Marx Activity scale were collected by online questionnaires. Two-year postoperative patients were asked by telephone if they had experienced a rerupture. RESULTS All the KOOS subscales improved significantly in comparison to the preoperative score. The largest improvement of all scores was seen at 3 months postoperatively which is significant in all cases. The KOOS sport and recreation showed a meaningful change and the largest improvement of the KOOS subscales at 3 months postoperatively, as well as the highest total improvement at 1 year postoperatively compared to preoperatively. The VAS-pain and VR-12 physical score improved significantly, however the Marx activity scale decreased significantly in comparison to preoperative scores. Two patients reported a rerupture (4.8%, CI 1.7-11.2%). CONCLUSIONS This is the first case series that described the 2-year follow-up results of patients with an acute, proximal ACL rupture, treated with the Independent Suture Tape Reinforcement repair technique. A meaningful KOOS sport and recreation change and significant improvements in the KOOS, VAS-pain and VR-12 physical scores as well as a significant decrease of the Marx activity scale in comparison to preoperative scores are demonstrated. Two of the 42 patients (4.8%) reported an ACL rerupture. Repair with this technique could be clinically relevant as a treatment option for patients with an acute, proximal ACL rupture which is not retracted and of good tissue quality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graeme P Hopper
- Speciality Registrar (T&O), Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Lieven Dossche
- Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ella Roelant
- Clinical Trial Center (CTC), CRC Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
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[Combined posterior and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction : Arthroscopic treatment with the GraftLink® system]. OPERATIVE ORTHOPADIE UND TRAUMATOLOGIE 2018; 31:20-35. [PMID: 30564843 DOI: 10.1007/s00064-018-0580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Simultaneous arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior and/or posterior cruciate ligament (ACL/PCL) using the GraftLink® system (Arthrex) to obtain stable treatment and good functional results. The transplant is protected by the safety belt like biomechanical GraftLink® principle, which is used to secure the intraoperatively obtained stability in the long term. INDICATIONS ACL, PCL, or combined cruciate ligament rupture, especially multiligament injuries. Revision ACL and PCL reconstruction. CONTRAINDICATIONS Preoperative fixed posterior tibial subluxation. Reduced range of motion (ROM) with an extension lag (extension/flexion 0‑0-120° preoperatively required). Complex regional pain syndrome. High-grade atrophy of the quadriceps femoris muscle and osseous deformities. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE Supine position with mobile leg and possible flexion of at least 120° allowing antegrade femoral bone tunnel replacement. Retrograde tunnel placement (e. g. using a retrocutter) is recommended in case of less than 120° knee flexion. Thigh tourniquet. Staging arthroscopy. Cruciate ligament reconstruction is realized by anatomic tunnel placement for the ACL/PCL using the GraftLink®. Recommended sequence of reconstruction: 1. tibial PCL tunnel, 2. femoral ACL tunnel, 3. femoral PCL tunnel, 4. tibial ACL tunnel. Hybrid fixation is recommended. Portals: High anteromedial, high anterolateral, posteromedial, posterolateral, small subvastus incision. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT Combined cruciate ligament replacement: Gradual load and ROM increase in the PCL track. After postoperative week 5, increasing load up to full weight bearing, with extension/flexion 0‑0-90° after week 7. Down training of the PCL track after week 13. Contact and competitive sports after 1 year. RESULTS The GraftLink® system allows restoration of knee joint stability with good functional results. The procedure is especially suitable for complex situations like after knee dislocation with ACL and PCL reconstruction in 1 or 2 steps.
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Borton ZM, Yasen SK, Mumith A, Wilson AJ. Mid-bundle positioning of the femoral socket increases graft rupture in anatomic single bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee 2018; 25:1122-1128. [PMID: 30224151 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions are superior to non-anatomic graft placements with regard to controlling rotational laxity. Different techniques of anatomic single-bundle reconstruction exist. The femoral tunnel may be placed in a mid-bundle position (MB) or within the anteromedial bundle footprint (AM) with no definitive consensus as to the preferred position. Our institution, reflecting trends in surgical practice, has experience with both techniques. METHODS Interrogation of our prospectively maintained database yielded all primary ACL reconstructions performed using the anatomic TransLateral single-bundle all-inside technique. A two year minimum follow-up was set. The failure rate of the MB and AM cohorts was compared as a primary outcome. Patient-reported outcomes across cohorts at several time-points were analysed as a secondary outcome. RESULTS Two hundred and seventy-nine primary ACL reconstructions were identified at a median follow-up of 49 months. MB positioning was utilised in 113 cases (40.5%) and AM positioning in 166 (59.5%). There were significantly more failures in the MB cohort (p = 0.029). Logistic regression revealed mid-bundle femoral positioning was associated with greater than fourfold increase in graft failure (odds ratio 4.14, p = 0.039). CONCLUSION Data from this case series suggests that amongst anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstructions, grafts with a mid-bundle femoral tunnel are more than four times more likely to fail versus those with a femoral tunnel placed four millimetres deeper within the anteromedial bundle footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakk M Borton
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Basingstoke & North Hampshire Hospital, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Aldermaston Road, Basingstoke RG24 9NA, United Kingdom; Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby, United Kingdom.
| | - Sam K Yasen
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Basingstoke & North Hampshire Hospital, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Aldermaston Road, Basingstoke RG24 9NA, United Kingdom; Department of Sports and Exercise, University of Winchester, Sparkford Road, Winchester SO22 4NR, United Kingdom
| | - Aadil Mumith
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Basingstoke & North Hampshire Hospital, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Aldermaston Road, Basingstoke RG24 9NA, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J Wilson
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Basingstoke & North Hampshire Hospital, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Aldermaston Road, Basingstoke RG24 9NA, United Kingdom; Department of Sports and Exercise, University of Winchester, Sparkford Road, Winchester SO22 4NR, United Kingdom
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Colombet P, Saffarini M, Bouguennec N. Clinical and Functional Outcomes of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction at a Minimum of 2 Years Using Adjustable Suspensory Fixation in Both the Femur and Tibia: A Prospective Study. Orthop J Sports Med 2018; 6:2325967118804128. [PMID: 30364847 PMCID: PMC6198402 DOI: 10.1177/2325967118804128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The success of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction requires reliable and rigid graft fixation. Cortical suspensory fixation (CSF) devices have become an acceptable alternative to interference screws for soft tissue ACL grafts. However, CSF devices have been reported to be associated with tunnel widening and increased postoperative anterior laxity compared with interference screw fixation. Adjustable CSF devices were introduced to avoid these problems but have been associated with graft lengthening and inconsistent outcomes. Purpose: To (1) report the side-to-side difference (SSD) in anterior laxity at 150 N, clinical scores, and failure rates 2 years after ACL reconstruction with 4-strand semitendinosus autografts using an adjustable CSF device and (2) determine the preoperative factors associated with clinical outcomes. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 131 patients who had undergone primary ACL reconstruction, performed with 4-strand semitendinosus grafts that were secured using Pullup adjustable-length CSF devices with femoral and tibial fixation techniques, were prospectively enrolled in this study; 34 patients were excluded because of contralateral instability or ipsilateral knee injuries that required additional surgery. This left a cohort of 97 patients who were evaluated preoperatively and at 6, 12, and 24 months. The evaluation consisted of measuring the SSD in anterior laxity and patient-reported outcome scores (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] and Lysholm scores). Regression analyses were performed to determine associations between these outcomes and 9 preoperative variables. Results: Only 2 patients could not be reached, 2 could not be evaluated because of contralateral ACL tears, and 2 had graft failure. At 2-year follow-up, the remaining 91 patients had a mean SSD in anterior laxity of 0.8 ± 1.8 mm (range, –4.2 to 5.3 mm), mean IKDC score of 87.6 ± 10.6 (range, 43.7-100.0), and mean Lysholm score of 90.8 ± 9.3 (range, 56.0-100.0). At final follow-up, compared with knees with partial ruptures, those with complete ruptures had equivalent laxity (P = .266) and Lysholm scores (P = .352) but lower IKDC scores (P = .009). Multivariable regression revealed that the IKDC score decreased with increased preoperative laxity (β = –1.35 [95% CI, –2.48 to –0.23]; P = .019). Conclusion: The novel adjustable-length CSF device produced satisfactory anterior laxity and clinical outcomes, with a failure rate of 2.1%, which compare favorably with those reported for nonadjustable CSF devices.
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Ouanezar H, Blakeney WG, Fernandes LR, Borade A, Latrobe C, Temponi EF, Sonnery-Cottet B. Clinical Outcomes of Single Anteromedial Bundle Biologic Augmentation Technique for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Consideration of Tibial Remnant Size. Arthroscopy 2018; 34:714-722. [PMID: 29198590 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2017.08.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcomes, knee stability, complications, and reoperations associated with anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using the single anteromedial bundle biological augmentation (SAMBBA) technique in a consecutive series of 128 patients with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. A secondary aim was to compare larger preserved ACL remnants with smaller preserved remnants. METHODS Patients who underwent primary anatomic ACL reconstruction using the SAMBBA technique from July 2013 to October 2014 were analyzed. Exclusion criteria were (1) age <16 years, (2) revision cases, (3) multiple ligament injuries, (4) chondral lesions greater than grade 2 according to the Outerbridge classification, (5) additional injuries to the collateral ligaments greater than grade 2, or (6) a history of a contralateral ACL injury. Clinical assessment including evaluation of side-to-side difference and functional outcome measures with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score and the Tegner Activity Scale were used to evaluate outcomes before surgery and at the last follow-up. Any subsequent surgical procedures were systematically recorded during the study period. The patients were also divided in 2 groups according to their ACL remnant size, ≥50% or <50%, and compared. RESULTS Of the 135 patients who underwent primary SAMBBA technique, 128 patients returned to final follow-up, with a mean follow-up of 31.7 months (range, 24-44.3). At last follow-up, the IKDC score significantly improved from 54.1 ± 15.1 to 92.5 ± 11.4 (P < .001); the Tegner activity score (6.4 ± 1.2) was similar (P = .3) to the preinjury score (6.5 ± 1.2). Side-to-side laxity significantly improved from 6.7 ± 1.2 mm to 0.7 ± 1 mm (P < .001). Twenty-four subsequent surgeries (18.7%) were performed including 10 meniscal procedures, 7 ACL revisions, 5 arthroscopies for cyclops lesions, one microfracture, and one manipulation under anaesthesia. The side-to-side laxity (P = .30) and rates of reoperation (P = .65), graft failure (P = .45), and cyclops lesions (P = .67) were not significantly different between ≥50% or <50% ACL remnant groups. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that primary anatomic ACL reconstruction using the SAMBBA technique significantly improved clinical and functional outcomes between baseline and follow-up at a minimum of 24 months. A low rate of complications was observed with this technique. No significant differences between large and moderate size ACL remnants were detected for all outcome measures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV case series with subgroup analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Ouanezar
- Centre Orthopédique Santy, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Group Ramsay-Générale de Santé, Lyon, France
| | - William G Blakeney
- Centre Orthopédique Santy, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Group Ramsay-Générale de Santé, Lyon, France
| | - Levi Reina Fernandes
- Centre Orthopédique Santy, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Group Ramsay-Générale de Santé, Lyon, France
| | - Amrut Borade
- Centre Orthopédique Santy, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Group Ramsay-Générale de Santé, Lyon, France
| | - Charles Latrobe
- Centre Orthopédique Santy, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Group Ramsay-Générale de Santé, Lyon, France
| | | | - Bertrand Sonnery-Cottet
- Centre Orthopédique Santy, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Group Ramsay-Générale de Santé, Lyon, France.
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Temponi EF, Oliveira JNP, Soares LFM, de Carvalho Júnior LH. A Femoral Tunnel View Test During ACL Reconstruction. Arthrosc Tech 2017; 6:e1177-e1181. [PMID: 29354414 PMCID: PMC5621967 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite technologic advances in the surgical techniques for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, some patients continue to have violation of the femoral cortex, commonly referred to as wall blowout. These posterior or lateral cortical breaches lead to loss of graft containment and subsequent difficulty with graft fixation. If this intraoperative error is not promptly recognized and treated, the graft is at an increased risk of premature failure. Thus, in these situations, recognizing the complication and knowing strategies for alternative or salvage fixation are of importance. This article details a simple tunnel view test realized during ACL reconstruction that would enable determining the integrity and depth of the femoral tunnel. The femoral tunnel view test is a technically straightforward and quick test able to obtain a superior view of patient anatomy to facilitate accurate tunnel integrity evaluation during ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Frois Temponi
- Hospital Madre Teresa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Address correspondence to Eduardo Frois Temponi, M.D., M.Sc., Avenida Raja Gabáglia 1002, Gutierrez, 30441-070, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.Avenida Raja Gabáglia 1002GutierrezBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil
| | | | | | - Lúcio Honório de Carvalho Júnior
- Hospital Madre Teresa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento do Aparelho Locomotor, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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