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Shakeri M, Aminian A, Mokhtari K, Bahaeddini M, Tabrizian P, Farahani N, Nabavi N, Hashemi M. Unraveling the molecular landscape of osteoarthritis: A comprehensive review focused on the role of non-coding RNAs. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155446. [PMID: 39004001 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) poses a significant global health challenge, with its prevalence anticipated to increase in the coming years. This review delves into the emerging molecular biomarkers in OA pathology, focusing on the roles of various molecules such as metabolites, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Advances in omics technologies have transformed biomarker identification, enabling comprehensive analyses of the complex pathways involved in OA pathogenesis. Notably, ncRNAs, especially miRNAs and lncRNAs, exhibit dysregulated expression patterns in OA, presenting promising opportunities for diagnosis and therapy. Additionally, the intricate interplay between epigenetic modifications and OA progression highlights the regulatory role of epigenetics in gene expression dynamics. Genome-wide association studies have pinpointed key genes undergoing epigenetic changes, providing insights into the inflammatory processes and chondrocyte hypertrophy typical of OA. Understanding the molecular landscape of OA, including biomarkers and epigenetic mechanisms, holds significant potential for developing innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for OA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Shakeri
- MD, Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Aminian
- MD, Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Bahaeddini
- MD, Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pouria Tabrizian
- MD, Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Najma Farahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Independent Researcher, Victoria, British Columbia V8V 1P7, Canada
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Chong TKY, Tan JR, Ma CA, Wong SBS, Leung YY. Association of adipokines with severity of knee osteoarthritis assessed clinically and on magnetic resonance imaging. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2023; 5:100405. [PMID: 37664871 PMCID: PMC10469549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2023.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to evaluate the association between the adipokines: Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, and high sensitive-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with clinical, radiographical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) severity. Design We performed a cross-sectional study in participants with earlier knee OA. Demographics, clinical (WOMAC), radiographical and MRI (BLOKS scoring) severity of knee OA were assessed. Serum leptin, adiponectin, resistin and hs-CRP were measured. Association of adipokines and hs-CRP with clinical, radiographic and MRI severity outcomes were evaluated using regression models with adjustment with age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Results 137 participants with earlier knee OA (82% women, mean ± SD age: 55.5 ± 7.8 years) were included. Participants had moderate knee OA symptoms, mean WOMAC pain and function were 30.6 ± 18.0, and 31.7 ± 19.8 respectively. Mean BMI was 27.0 ± 5.9 kg/m2. After adjustment with age, sex and BMI, serum leptin was positively associated with osteophyte size, cartilage integrity, infrapatellar synovitis and effusion. While hs-CRP was associated with meniscus extrusion and adiponectin was associated with WOMAC pain and function. Conclusion Serum adipokines, particularly leptin was associated with severity of various structural defects of the knee joint on MRI beyond age, sex and BMI in earlier knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin-Rong Tan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Ann Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steven, Bak Siew Wong
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Radiology, SengKang General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying-Ying Leung
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Sampath SJP, Venkatesan V, Ghosh S, Kotikalapudi N. Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Osteoarthritis-An Updated Review. Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:308-331. [PMID: 37578613 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic syndrome (MetS), also called the 'deadly quartet' comprising obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, has been ascertained to have a causal role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). This review is aimed at discussing the current knowledge on the contribution of metabolic syndrome and its various components to OA pathogenesis and progression. RECENT FINDINGS Lately, an increased association identified between the various components of metabolic syndrome (obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) with OA has led to the identification of the 'metabolic phenotype' of OA. These metabolic perturbations alongside low-grade systemic inflammation have been identified to inflict detrimental effects upon multiple tissues of the joint including cartilage, bone, and synovium leading to complete joint failure in OA. Recent epidemiological and clinical findings affirm that adipokines significantly contribute to inflammation, tissue degradation, and OA pathogenesis mediated through multiple signaling pathways. OA is no longer perceived as just a 'wear and tear' disease and the involvement of the metabolic components in OA pathogenesis adds up to the complexity of the disease. Given the global surge in obesity and its allied metabolic perturbations, this review aims to throw light on the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of MetS-associated OA and the need to address MetS in the context of metabolic OA management. Better regulation of the constituent factors of MetS could be profitable in preventing MetS-associated OA. The identification of key roles for several metabolic regulators in OA pathogenesis has also opened up newer avenues in the recognition and development of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Joshua Pragasam Sampath
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
- Molecular Biology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
| | | | - Sudip Ghosh
- Molecular Biology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Nagasuryaprasad Kotikalapudi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Lynskey SJ, Macaluso MJ, Gill SD, McGee SL, Page RS. Biomarkers of Osteoarthritis—A Narrative Review on Causal Links with Metabolic Syndrome. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030730. [PMID: 36983885 PMCID: PMC10051744 DOI: 10.3390/life13030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of OA (OA) is multifactorial and is strongly associated with risk factors such as aging, trauma, metabolic disorders, and obesity. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)-associated OA, collectively coined MetS-OA, is an increasingly recognized entity in which metabolic disorders and low-grade inflammation play a key mechanistic role in the disruption of joint homeostasis and cartilage degradation. Although there have been enormous efforts to discover biomarkers of MetS and OA, studies investigating a pathophysiological link between MetS and OA are relatively limited, and no serum blood marker has proved diagnostic so far. OA biomarkers that are necessary to discriminate and diagnose early disease remain to be elicited, explained in part by limited prospective studies, and therefore limited tools available to utilize in any prognostic capacity. Biomarker validation projects have been established by the Biomarker Consortium to determine biochemical markers demonstrating predictive validity for knee OA. Given that the metabolic constituents of MetS are treatable to varying extents, it stands to reason that treating these, and monitoring such treatment, may help to mitigate deleterious links with OA development. This narrative review will describe the current state of biomarker identification and utility in OA associated with MetS. We discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of disease according to constituent pathologies of MetS and how identification of biomarkers may guide future investigation of novel targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel James Lynskey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geelong University Hospital, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Barwon Health Laboratory, Barwon Health, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Marc Julian Macaluso
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Stephen D. Gill
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geelong University Hospital, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- Barwon Centre for Orthopaedic Research and Education (BCORE), St. John of God Hospital, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- IMPACT—the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Sean L. McGee
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- IMPACT—the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Richard S. Page
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geelong University Hospital, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- Barwon Centre for Orthopaedic Research and Education (BCORE), St. John of God Hospital, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- IMPACT—the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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González-Rodríguez M, Ruiz-Fernández C, Cordero-Barreal A, Ait Eldjoudi D, Pino J, Farrag Y, Gualillo O. Adipokines as targets in musculoskeletal immune and inflammatory diseases. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103352. [PMID: 36099964 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines are the principal mediators in adipose signaling. Nevertheless, besides their role in energy storage, these molecules can be produced by other cells, such as immune cells or chondrocytes. Given their pleiotropic effects, research over the past few years has also focused on musculoskeletal diseases, showing that these adipokines might have relevant roles in worsening the disease or improving the treatment response. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of adipokines and their role in the most prevalent musculoskeletal immune and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- María González-Rodríguez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; International PhD School of the University of Santiago de Compostela (EDIUS), Doctoral Programme in Drug Research and Development, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Clara Ruiz-Fernández
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; International PhD School of the University of Santiago de Compostela (EDIUS), Doctoral Programme in Medicine Clinical Research, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cordero-Barreal
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; International PhD School of the University of Santiago de Compostela (EDIUS), Doctoral Programme in Molecular Medicine, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Djedjiga Ait Eldjoudi
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesus Pino
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Cirurgía y Especialidades Médico-Cirúrgicas Área de Traumatología e Ortopedia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Yousof Farrag
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Li B, Zhan H, Luo J, Wang X, Cao T, Wei B. A novel serological biomarker are associated with disease severity in patients with osteoarthritis. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:1007-1013. [PMID: 36036835 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is a 25-30 kDa glycoprotein, as a distinct component of the human plasma lipoprotein system. Its known biological functions are mainly related to lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential role of ApoD concentration in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS This study was performed in a population of 113 KOA subjects and 97 healthy controls. Serum ApoD was detected using the commercial ELISA kit (Cusabio, Wu Han, China, Cat No. CSB-EL001935HU). Radiographic progression was evaluated using Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) classification. The clinical severity of KOA was assessed by visual analog score (VAS), Hospital for special surgery (HSS) knee score disease duration and TNF-α. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to test the potential diagnostic value of ApoD in radiographic progression. RESULTS The serum ApoD level of patients with KOA was significantly lower than that of healthy controls. The serum ApoD level was negatively correlated with KL grades, VAS score, disease duration, TNF-α concentrations. On the contrary, it was positively correlated with HSS score. However, there was no correlation between this serological indicator and which side was affected. ROC curve analysis indicated that attenuated serum ApoD could serve as an appropriate biomarker concerning the diagnosis of KOA. CONCLUSIONS Serum ApoD concentration was correlated with the presence and severity of KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Femoral Head, Linyi People's Hospital, The Intersection of Wuhan Road and Wohushan Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Huixian Zhan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Femoral Head, Linyi People's Hospital, The Intersection of Wuhan Road and Wohushan Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Jintao Luo
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Femoral Head, Linyi People's Hospital, The Intersection of Wuhan Road and Wohushan Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Femoral Head, Linyi People's Hospital, The Intersection of Wuhan Road and Wohushan Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Femoral Head, Linyi People's Hospital, The Intersection of Wuhan Road and Wohushan Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Biaofang Wei
- Department of Femoral Head, Linyi People's Hospital, The Intersection of Wuhan Road and Wohushan Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China.
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Effect of short-term high fat diet on resistin levels and expression of autophagy-related genes in the cartilage of male rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15313. [PMID: 36097281 PMCID: PMC9468003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, the precise molecular mechanisms linking obesity to OA remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of short-term high-fat diet (HFD) on the development of OA and the possible role of the adipokine resistin and autophagy-related genes in mediating this effect. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were equally divided into 2 groups: control and obese groups. Body mass index (BMI), levels of lipid profile, glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR index were significantly higher in the obese group compared with control. Our results revealed significantly higher serum and cartilage resistin levels with a significant increase in the mRNA expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) as well as protein levels of IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), ADAMTS 5 (aggrecanase-2) and caspase-3 in the cartilage of obese rats. The HFD induced a significant upregulation of autophagy related 5 (ATG5), beclin-1 and light chain 3 (LC3) mRNA expressions and a significant downregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression in cartilage. The protein levels of cartilage ATG5 were also significantly elevated in HFD-fed group. In conclusion, we suggested that increased levels of resistin and expression of autophagy-related genes may contribute in part, to OA development in HFD-fed rats. This provides a novel insight into the early molecular changes in the cartilage associated with obesity.
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Schadler P, Lohberger B, Thauerer B, Faschingbauer M, Kullich W, Stradner MH, Leithner A, Ritschl V, Omara M, Steinecker-Frohnwieser B. The Association of Blood Biomarkers and Body Mass Index in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cartilage 2022; 13:19476035211069251. [PMID: 35094602 PMCID: PMC9137302 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211069251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite massive efforts, there are no diagnostic blood biomarkers for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This study investigated several candidate diagnostic biomarkers and the metabolic phenotype in end-stage KOA in the context of obesity. DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, adult patients undergoing knee arthroplasty were enrolled and KOA severity was assessed using the Lequesne index. Blood biomarkers with an important role in obesity, the metabolic syndrome, or KOA (oxidized form of low-density lipoprotein [oxLDL], advanced glycation end product [AGE], soluble AGE receptor [sRAGE], fatty acid binding protein 4 [FABP4], phospholipase A2 group IIA [PLA2G2A], fibroblast growth factor 23 [FGF-23], ghrelin, leptin, and resistin) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; n = 70) or Luminex technique (subgroup of n = 35). H1-NMR spectroscopy was used for the quantification of metabolite levels (subgroup of n = 31). The hip-knee-ankle angle was assessed. Multivariable and multivariate regression analysis was used to examine the relationship of biomarkers with body mass index (BMI) and KOA severity in complete case and multiple imputation analysis. RESULTS While most of the investigated biomarkers were not associated with KOA severity, FABP4 and leptin were found to correlate with BMI and gender. Resistin was associated with Lequesne index in complete case analysis. Using a targeted metabolomics approach, BMI-dependent changes in the metabolome were hardly visible. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm studies on FABP4, leptin, and resistin with regard to obesity and the metabolic syndrome. There was no association of the investigated biomarkers with KOA severity, most likely due to the patient selection (end-stage KOA patients). Based on this absence of BMI-dependent changes in the metabolome, we might assume that BMI is not correlated with KOA severity in this specific patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Schadler
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Saalfelden, Austria,Birgit Lohberger, Head of the Research Laboratory, Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5-7, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Bettina Thauerer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Saalfelden, Austria
| | | | - Werner Kullich
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Saalfelden, Austria
| | - Martin Helmut Stradner
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Valentin Ritschl
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maisa Omara
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria,Institute for Outcomes Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Lambova SN, Batsalova T, Moten D, Stoyanova S, Georgieva E, Belenska-Todorova L, Kolchakova D, Dzhambazov B. Serum Leptin and Resistin Levels in Knee Osteoarthritis-Clinical and Radiologic Links: Towards Precise Definition of Metabolic Type Knee Osteoarthritis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081019. [PMID: 34440223 PMCID: PMC8393571 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered a major risk factor for the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Apart from the mechanical effect of obesity via increase in mechanical overload of weight-bearing joints, an association with hand OA has been observed. There has been increasing interest in the role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of OA in the recent years. It has been suggested that their systemic effects link obesity and OA. In this regard, the aim of the current study was measurement and analysis of serum levels of leptin and resistin in patients with knee OA with different body mass index (BMI). Seventy-three patients with primary symptomatic knee OA at the age between 35 and 87 years (mean age 66 years) were included in the study (67 women and 6 men). The patients were from 2nd to 4th radiographic stage according to Kellgren–Lawrence scale. 43 patients were with concomitant obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, mean values 38.34 ± 8.20) and 30 patients with BMI < 30 kg/m2 (mean values 25.07 ± 2.95). Eleven individuals with different BMIs, including cases with obesity but without radiographic knee OA, were examined as a control group. Serum levels of leptin and resistin were measured via ELISA method. In patients with knee OA and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, serum levels of leptin (39.546 ± 12.918 ng/mL) were significantly higher as compared with healthy individuals (15.832 ± 16.531 ng/mL, p < 0.05) and the patients with low BMI (p < 0.05). In patients with BMI < 30 kg/m2 the levels of leptin (13.010 ± 10.94 ng/mL) did not differ significantly from the respective values in the control group (p = 0.48). Serum levels of resistin were also higher in knee OA patients in comparison with healthy controls, but the difference was statistically significant only for patients with high BMI (2.452 ± 1.002 ng/mL in the group with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; 2.401 ± 1.441 ng/mL in patients with BMI < 30 kg/m2; 1.610 ± 1.001 ng/mL in the control group, p < 0.05). A correlation was found between the serum levels of leptin and radiographic stage of OA, i.e., higher leptin levels were present in the more advanced 3rd and 4th radiographic stage, while for resistin a correlation was observed in the patient subgroup with BMI < 30 kg/m2. Serum leptin and resistin levels and clinical characteristics were analyzed in patients with different clinical forms of OA. Novel clinical correlations have been found in the current study in patients with isolated knee OA vs. cases with presence of other disease localizations. It has been observed that patients with isolated knee OA were significantly younger and had higher BMI as compared with cases in whom OA is combined with other localizations i.e., spondyloarthritis ± presence of hip OA and with generalized OA. This supports the hypothesis that presence of obesity promotes earlier development of knee OA as an isolated localization of the disease in younger patients before appearance of osteoarthritic changes at other sites. The levels of leptin and resistin in isolated knee OA were also higher. Serum levels of leptin and resistin in combination with patients’ clinical characteristics suggest existence of different clinical and laboratory profile through which more precise definition of metabolic phenotype of knee OA would be possible. Considering the fact that obesity is a modifiable risk factor that has an impact on progression of knee OA, different approaches to influence obesity may offer potential for future disease-modifying therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevdalina Nikolova Lambova
- Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Rheumatology, MHAT “Sveti Mina”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
| | - Tsvetelina Batsalova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Plovdiv University, Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.B.); (D.M.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (D.K.); (B.D.)
| | - Dzhemal Moten
- Department of Developmental Biology, Plovdiv University, Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.B.); (D.M.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (D.K.); (B.D.)
| | - Stela Stoyanova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Plovdiv University, Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.B.); (D.M.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (D.K.); (B.D.)
| | - Elenka Georgieva
- Department of Developmental Biology, Plovdiv University, Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.B.); (D.M.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (D.K.); (B.D.)
| | | | - Desislava Kolchakova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Plovdiv University, Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.B.); (D.M.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (D.K.); (B.D.)
| | - Balik Dzhambazov
- Department of Developmental Biology, Plovdiv University, Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.B.); (D.M.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (D.K.); (B.D.)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epidemiologic studies reveal that the link between obesity and osteoarthritis cannot be uniquely explained by overweight-associated mechanical overload. For this reason, much attention focuses on the endocrine activity of adipose tissues. In addition to the systemic role of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues, many arguments highlight the involvement of local adipose tissues in osteoarthritis. RECENT FINDINGS Alteration in MRI signal intensity of the infrapatellar fat pad may predict both accelerated knee osteoarthritis and joint replacement. In this context, recent studies show that mesenchymal stromal cells could play a pivotal role in the pathological remodelling of intra-articular adipose tissues (IAATs) in osteoarthritis. In parallel, recent findings underline bone marrow adipose tissue as a major player in the control of the bone microenvironment, suggesting its possible role in osteoarthritis. SUMMARY The recent description of adipose tissues of various phenotypes within an osteoarthritic joint allows us to evoke their direct involvement in the initiation and progression of the osteoarthritic process. We can expect in the near future the discovery of novel molecules targeting these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florent Eymard
- Department of Rheumatology, AP-HP Henri Mondor Hospital
- Gly-CRRET Research Unit 4397, Université Paris-Est Créteil
| | - Francis Berenbaum
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA)
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM CRSA, AP-HP Hopital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Houard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA)
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11
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Hou J, He C, He W, Yang M, Luo X, Li C. Obesity and Bone Health: A Complex Link. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:600181. [PMID: 33409277 PMCID: PMC7779553 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.600181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, the connections between obesity and skeleton have been extensively explored, but the results are inconsistent. Obesity is thought to affect bone health through a variety of mechanisms, including body weight, fat volume, bone formation/resorption, proinflammatory cytokines together with bone marrow microenvironment. In this review, we will mainly describe the effects of adipokines secreted by white adipose tissue on bone cells, as well as the interaction between brown adipose tissue, bone marrow adipose tissue, and bone metabolism. Meanwhile, this review also reviews the evidence for the effects of adipose tissue and its distribution on bone mass and bone-related diseases, along with the correlation between different populations with obesity and bone health. And we describe changes in bone metabolism in patients with anorexia nervosa or type 2 diabetes. In summary, all of these findings show that the response of skeleton to obesity is complex and depends on diversified factors, such as mechanical loading, obesity type, the location of adipose tissue, gender, age, bone sites, and secreted cytokines, and that these factors may exert a primary function in bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenzhen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xianghang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Changjun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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12
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Kleine SA, Gogal RM, Krunkosky TM, Sanderson SL, George C, Norton M, Budsberg SC. Resistin concentrations in serum and stifle synovial fluid from normal and cruciate deficient dogs with osteoarthritis. Vet Surg 2020; 49:1164-1173. [PMID: 32472596 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare synovial fluid (SF) resistin concentrations in healthy dogs to dogs with osteoarthritis (OA) secondary to cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) injury and to correlate resistin concentrations with body condition score (BCS) and evaluate resistin release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and adipocytes. STUDY DESIGN Controlled, prospective, clinical study ANIMALS: Thirty-nine client-owned dogs, 13 healthy and 26 with secondary OA, were enrolled. Blood was collected from six healthy purpose-bred dogs for PBMC culture. An additional six mixed-breed dogs were used for adipocyte collection and culture. METHODS Resistin concentrations were measured with a canine-specific enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Resistin was compared between healthy SF and OA SF with Student's t test. Correlation of resistin concentrations to BCS was performed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and adipocytes were cultured under three conditions: negative control, lipopolysaccharide, and concanavalin A (Con A). A linear mixed model was used to determine differences in resistin concentrations among treatments. RESULTS Resistin concentrations in OA SF were comparable to healthy SF. Neither serum nor SF resistin was correlated with BCS. Cultured PBMC stimulated with Con A released resistin, while adipocytes did not. CONCLUSION Neither serum nor SF resistin were altered in dogs with OA secondary to CrCL insufficiency. In addition, resistin was not correlated with canine body fat and did not appear to function as adipocytokine in the dog. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Resistin may not be involved in the pathogenesis of OA. However, resistin may be important in inflammation because it is released from inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Kleine
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Services, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Robert M Gogal
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Thomas M Krunkosky
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Sherry L Sanderson
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Clinton George
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Megan Norton
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Steven C Budsberg
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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