1
|
Lambert CA, Garbacki N, Colige AC. Chemotherapy induces alternative transcription and splicing: Facts and hopes for cancer treatment. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 91:84-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
2
|
de Necochea-Campion R, Shouse GP, Zhou Q, Mirshahidi S, Chen CS. Aberrant splicing and drug resistance in AML. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:85. [PMID: 27613060 PMCID: PMC5018179 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has unveiled a new window into the heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In particular, recurrent mutations in spliceosome machinery and genome-wide aberrant splicing events have been recognized as a prominent component of this disease. This review will focus on how these factors influence drug resistance through altered splicing of tumor suppressor and oncogenes and dysregulation of the apoptotic signaling network. A better understanding of these factors in disease progression is necessary to design appropriate therapeutic strategies recognizing specific alternatively spliced or mutated oncogenic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia de Necochea-Campion
- Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Geoffrey P Shouse
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Chan Shun Pavilion 11015, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Saied Mirshahidi
- Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Chien-Shing Chen
- Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Chan Shun Pavilion 11015, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Splicing Regulators and Their Roles in Cancer Biology and Therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:150514. [PMID: 26273588 PMCID: PMC4529883 DOI: 10.1155/2015/150514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing allows cells to expand the encoding potential of their genomes. In this elegant mechanism, a single gene can yield protein isoforms with even antagonistic functions depending on the cellular physiological context. Alterations in splicing regulatory factors activity in cancer cells, however, can generate an abnormal protein expression pattern that promotes growth, survival, and other processes, which are relevant to tumor biology. In this review, we discuss dysregulated alternative splicing events and regulatory factors that impact pathways related to cancer. The SR proteins and their regulatory kinases SRPKs and CLKs have been frequently found altered in tumors and are examined in more detail. Finally, perspectives that support splicing machinery as target for the development of novel anticancer therapies are discussed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Satoh N, Yokoyama C, Itamura N, Miyajima-Nakano Y, Hisatomi H. Alternative splicing isoform in succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C causes downregulation of succinate-coenzyme Q oxidoreductase activity in mitochondria. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:330-334. [PMID: 25435987 PMCID: PMC4246615 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane and is responsible for the redox of succinic acid. SDH is a tetrameric iron-sulfur flavoprotein of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory chain. The SDH complex, subunit C (SDHC) transcript has deletion-type alternative splicing sites. Generally, alternative splicing produces variant proteins and expression patterns, as products of different genes. In certain cases, specific alternative splicing variants (ASVs) have been associated with human disease. Due to a frameshift mutation causing loss of the heme binding region, the SDHC Δ5 isoform (lacking exon 5) exhibits no SDHC activity. To investigate whether the SDHC splicing variants can function as dominant-negative inhibitors, SDHC ASVs were overexpressed in HCT-15 human colorectal cancer cells. Using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, a dominant-negative effect of the Δ5 isoform on SDHC mRNA was shown. In addition, Δ5 overexpression increased the levels of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, in the Δ5 isoform-overexpressing cells, SDH activity was reduced. SDHC activation is a significant event during the electron transport chain, and the function of the SDHC Δ5 variant may be significant for the differentiation of tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Satoh
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei Universty, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
| | - Chikako Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei Universty, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
| | - Noriaki Itamura
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei Universty, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Miyajima-Nakano
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei Universty, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hisatomi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei Universty, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sehgal L, Mathur R, Braun FK, Wise JF, Berkova Z, Neelapu S, Kwak LW, Samaniego F. FAS-antisense 1 lncRNA and production of soluble versus membrane Fas in B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2014; 28:2376-87. [PMID: 24811343 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Impaired Fas-mediated apoptosis is associated with poor clinical outcomes and cancer chemoresistance. Soluble Fas receptor (sFas), produced by skipping of exon 6, inhibits apoptosis by sequestering Fas ligand. Serum sFas is associated with poor prognosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. We found that the alternative splicing of Fas in lymphomas is tightly regulated by a long-noncoding RNA corresponding to an antisense transcript of Fas (FAS-AS1). Levels of FAS-AS1 correlate inversely with production of sFas, and FAS-AS1 binding to the RBM5 inhibits RBM5-mediated exon 6 skipping. EZH2, often mutated or overexpressed in lymphomas, hyper-methylates the FAS-AS1 promoter and represses the FAS-AS1 expression. EZH2-mediated repression of FAS-AS1 promoter can be released by DZNeP (3-Deazaneplanocin A) or overcome by ectopic expression of FAS-AS1, both of which increase levels of FAS-AS1 and correspondingly decrease expression of sFas. Treatment with Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor or EZH2 knockdown decreases the levels of EZH2, RBM5 and sFas, thereby enhancing Fas-mediated apoptosis. This is the first report showing functional regulation of Fas repression by its antisense RNA. Our results reveal new therapeutic targets in lymphomas and provide a rationale for the use of EZH2 inhibitors or ibrutinib in combination with chemotherapeutic agents that recruit Fas for effective cell killing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Sehgal
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Mathur
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F K Braun
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J F Wise
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Z Berkova
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Neelapu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L W Kwak
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F Samaniego
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang S, Tang Y, Cui H, Zhao X, Luo X, Pan W, Huang X, Shen N. Let-7/miR-98 regulate Fas and Fas-mediated apoptosis. Genes Immun 2011; 12:149-54. [PMID: 21228813 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2010.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fas is ubiquitously expressed on a variety of cells and triggers apoptosis, which have critical roles in the immune system. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently identified as regulators that modulate target gene expression and are involved in diverse biological processes, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis. This study was undertaken to investigate the contribution of miRNA in the regulation of Fas expression and Fas-mediated apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that Fas was a potential target of let-7/miR-98 family. Indeed ectopic expression of let-7/miR-98 reduced, whereas knockdown of endogenous let-7/miR-98 increased the expression of Fas at both mRNA and protein levels. Let-7/miR-98 was verified to target Fas 3' untranslated region directly by site-directed gene mutagenesis and reporter gene assay. More importantly, introduction of let-7/miR-98 could decrease the sensitivity to Fas-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, let-7/miR-98 expression was reduced in activation-induced cell death process, accompanied by increased expression of Fas. In conclusion, our study first demonstrated that let-7/miR-98 regulated Fas expression and the sensitivity of Fas-mediated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- Joint Molecular Rheumatology Laboratory of the Institute of Health Sciences and Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang Z, Wang R, Xie H, Shang W, Manicassamy S, Sun Z. Stabilized beta-catenin potentiates Fas-mediated T cell apoptosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:6586-92. [PMID: 18453577 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.10.6586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In response to Ag stimulation, Ag-specific T cells proliferate and accumulate in the peripheral lymphoid tissues. To avoid excessive T cell accumulation, the immune system has developed mechanisms to delete clonally expanded T cells. Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis plays a critical role in the deletion of activated peripheral T cells, which is clearly demonstrated by superantigen (staphylococcal enterotoxin B)-induced deletion of Vbeta8(+) T cells. Using transgenic mice expressing a stabilized beta-catenin (beta-cat(Tg)), we show here that beta-catenin was able to enhance apoptosis of activated T cells by up-regulating Fas. In response to staphylococcal enterotoxin B stimulation, beta-cat(Tg) mice exhibited accelerated deletion of CD4(+)Vbeta8(+) T cells compared with wild type mice. Surface Fas levels were significantly higher on activated T cells obtained from beta-cat(Tg) mice than that from wild type mice. Additionally, T cells from beta-cat(Tg) mice were more sensitive to apoptosis induced by crosslinking Fas, activation-induced cell death, and to apoptosis induced by cytokine withdrawal. Lastly, beta-catenin bound to and stimulated the Fas promoter. Therefore, our data demonstrated that the beta-catenin pathway was able to promote the apoptosis of activated T cells in part via up-regulation of Fas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kamachi M, Aramaki T, Tanimura S, Ichinose K, Fujikawa K, Iwamoto N, Yoshizaki A, Ida H, Kawakami A, Kohno M, Eguchi K. Activation of protein phosphatase causes alternative splicing of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL): potential effect on immune surveillance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 360:280-5. [PMID: 17583676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) belongs to the TNF superfamily of proteins. It is highly expressed on natural killer cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and monocytes after stimulation, and plays a critical role in immune surveillance. Two splice variants of TRAIL were identified recently that show no proapoptotic activity. Phosphorylation level in splicing factors, serine-arginine-rich (SR) and heterogeneous ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) govern the mRNA splicing of several apoptosis-related genes. We characterized the apoptotic stimuli-mediated alternative splicing pattern of TRAIL and investigated the possible underlying mechanism of alternative splicing. Etoposide and cycloheximide induced alternative splicing, whereas staurosporine (a broad kinase inhibitor) blocked both constitutive and alternative splicing. De novo ceramide synthesis and subsequent protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1) activation enhanced the alternative splicing, as did TNF-alpha but not interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) stimulation. We demonstrated that TRAIL alters gene expression through mRNA splicing and may change proapoptotic potential in response to cytokine stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kamachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kamachi M, Eguchi K. Alternative splicing through intracellular signaling pathways: The emerging importance of diversity and regulation in immune regulation. Inflamm Regen 2007. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.27.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|