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Das S. TTF-1 Immunoreactivity in the Germinal Matrix: A Brief Case Study. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2024; 27:608-610. [PMID: 39056573 DOI: 10.1177/10935266241264603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Das
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Neuropathology), University of Alberta and Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Angelico G, Mazzucchelli M, Attanasio G, Tinnirello G, Farina J, Zanelli M, Palicelli A, Bisagni A, Barbagallo GMV, Certo F, Zizzo M, Koufopoulos N, Magro G, Caltabiano R, Broggi G. H3K27me3 Loss in Central Nervous System Tumors: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3451. [PMID: 39456545 PMCID: PMC11506073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16203451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2024] [Revised: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent a formidable clinical challenge due to their molecular complexity and varied prognostic outcomes. This review delves into the pivotal role of the epigenetic marker H3K27me3 in the development and treatment of CNS tumors. H3K27me3, specifically the trimethylation of lysine 27 on the histone H3 protein, plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression and maintaining chromatin architecture (e.g., in X-chromosome inactivation). Notably, a reduction in H3K27me3 levels, frequently tied to mutations in the H3 gene family such as H3F3A and HIST1H3B, is evident in diverse brain tumor variants, including the diffuse midline glioma characterized by the H3K27M mutation and certain pediatric high-grade gliomas. The loss of H3K27me3 has been linked to more aggressive behavior in meningiomas, with the trimethylation loss associated with significantly shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) among grade 2 meningiomas, albeit not within grade 1 tumors. Pediatric posterior fossa ependymomas characterized by a lowered H3K27me3 and DNA hypomethylation exhibit poor prognosis, underscoring the prognostic significance of these epigenetic alterations in CNS tumors. Comprehending the role of H3K27me3 in CNS tumors is vital for advancing diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions, with the goal of enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life. This review underscores the importance of ongoing investigations into H3K27me to refine and optimize management strategies for CNS tumors, paving the way for improved personalized medicine practices in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Angelico
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | - Manuel Mazzucchelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (G.T.); (J.F.); (G.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Giulio Attanasio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (G.T.); (J.F.); (G.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Giordana Tinnirello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (G.T.); (J.F.); (G.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Jessica Farina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (G.T.); (J.F.); (G.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Magda Zanelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (M.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Palicelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (M.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandra Bisagni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (M.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Francesco Certo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco” University Hospital, 95121 Catania, Italy; (G.M.V.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Maurizio Zizzo
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Nektarios Koufopoulos
- Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Gaetano Magro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (G.T.); (J.F.); (G.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (G.T.); (J.F.); (G.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (G.T.); (J.F.); (G.M.); (R.C.)
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Marastoni E, Ammendola S, Rossi S, Giovannoni I, Broggi G, Masotto B, Feletti A, Barresi V. H3 K27M mutation in rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors: a potential diagnostic pitfall. Virchows Arch 2024:10.1007/s00428-024-03739-2. [PMID: 38233563 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-024-03739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
According to the fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), diffuse midline glioma H3 K27-altered is a grade 4 infiltrative glioma that arises from midline anatomical structures and is characterized by the loss of H3 K27me3 and co-occurring H3 K27M mutation or EZHIP overexpression. However, the H3 K27M mutation has also been observed in circumscribed gliomas and glioneuronal tumors arising in midline anatomical structures, which may result in diagnostic pitfalls.Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) is a CNS WHO grade 1 neoplasm that histologically features neurocytic and glial components and originates in midline anatomical structures.This study aimed to assess whether RGNTs, similar to other midline tumors, may exhibit immunohistochemical loss of H3 K27me3 and harbor the H3 K27M mutation.All seven analyzed RGNTs displayed immunohistochemical loss of H3 K27me3 in all tumor cells or H3 K27me3 mosaic immunostaining. In one case, H3 K27me3 loss was associated with the H3 K27M mutation, whereas the other six cases did not exhibit any H3 mutations or EZHIP overexpression. During a follow-up period of 23 months, the H3 K27M-mutant case remained unchanged in size despite partial resection, indicating that the H3 mutation may not confer higher biological aggressiveness to RGNT.The immunohistochemical loss of H3 K27me3 co-occurring with the H3 K27M mutation may result in the potential misdiagnosis of RGNT, especially in cases of small biopsy specimens consisting of only the glial component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Marastoni
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, P.le L.A. Scuro, 10, 37138, Verona, Italy
| | - Serena Ammendola
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, P.le L.A. Scuro, 10, 37138, Verona, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossi
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Barbara Masotto
- Unit of Cranial Posterior Fossa Surgery, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Feletti
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valeria Barresi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, P.le L.A. Scuro, 10, 37138, Verona, Italy.
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