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Nasreen I, Guthigar M, Veigas I. The Knowledge and Practice of Family Planning Among Muslim Women in Rural Karnataka, India. Cureus 2024; 16:e58088. [PMID: 38738056 PMCID: PMC11088720 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Women's health is significantly impacted by undesirable pregnancies and unsafe abortions, leading to the deaths of thousands of women and causing many others to suffer from infertility and long-term reproductive health issues. To address this problem, the use of modern contraception methods is increasing, regardless of economic status and dwelling, allowing women to exercise their rights and access reproductive health services. Objective The objective of this study is to examine the knowledge and practice of family planning and the factors associated with it. Setting and design A cross-sectional study was conducted among Muslim women (n=461) using a two-stage stratified random sampling method with a semi-structured questionnaire in the five taluks of Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka. Methods and materials The required study sample was drawn by adopting the two-stage stratified random sampling technique. The study population was divided into different strata consisting of panchayats and wards. The number of households was selected from these panchayats/wards. Statistical analysis The association between faith in family planning and the knowledge and practice of family planning is studied using a chi-squared test. The factors associated with the practice of family planning are identified using a univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY). Results There is a significant association between faith in family planning and its practice, with a p-value of less than 0.0001. Age was also found to be a significant factor associated with the practice of family planning. Specifically, women aged 31-40 were less likely to practice family planning compared to women aged 21-30, with a p-value of 0.012. The majority of individuals indicated the preferred child (23.9%) and going against the custom (16.5%) as their reasons for not using family planning. Conclusions Muslim women are reasonably well-informed about modern methods of contraception, but their usage remains relatively low. Outreach initiatives, health worker mobilization from within the community, and health education and information sharing are examples of program interventions that could help address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nasreen
- Department of Social Work, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, IND
| | - Mohammed Guthigar
- Department of Social Work, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, IND
| | - Irene Veigas
- Department of Social Work, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, IND
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Su S, Sun Y, Gu X, Wu W, Su X, Ma T, Song A, Xie X, Wang L, Cheng Q, Guo L, Zhang L, Yang J. Exploration of the Healthy Donor Effect Among 0.6 Million Blood Donors in China: Longitudinal Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e48617. [PMID: 38386403 PMCID: PMC10921323 DOI: 10.2196/48617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of completely voluntary blood donation to maintain safe and sustainable blood supplies. However, the benefits of blood donation for donors, such as reducing the risk of disease, remain a topic of debate due to the existence of the healthy donor effect (HDE). This effect arises because of inherent health differences between blood donors and the general population, and it is also considered a methodological issue. OBJECTIVE This study aims to generate a more detailed health profile of blood donors from a donor cohort study to mitigate and quantify the HDE and properly interpret the association between blood donation and disease outcomes among blood donors. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2012 and December 2018 among donors before their first donation. One-to-one propensity score matching was conducted through a random selection of individuals without any history of blood donation, as reported from their electronic health records. We conducted a Poisson regression between blood donors and non-blood donors before the first donation to estimate the adjusted incidence rate ratio (AIRR) of selected blood donation-related diseases, as defined by 13 categories of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes. RESULTS Of the 0.6 million blood donors, 15,115 had an inpatient record before their first donation, whereas 17,356 non-blood donors had an inpatient record. For the comparison between blood donors and the matched non-blood donors, the HDE (the disease incidence rate ratio between non-blood donors and blood donors) was an AIRR of 1.152 (95% CI 1.127-1.178; P<.001). Among disease categories not recommended for blood donation in China, the strongest HDE was observed in the ICD-10 D50-D89 codes, which pertain to diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs as well as certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (AIRR 3.225, 95% CI 2.402-4.330; P<.001). After age stratification, we found that people who had their first blood donation between 46-55 years old had the strongest HDE (AIRR 1.816, 95% CI 1.707-1.932; P<.001). Both male and female donors had significant HDE (AIRR 1.082, 95% CI 1.05-1.116; P=.003; and AIRR 1.236, 95% CI 1.196-1.277; P<.001, respectively) compared with matched non-blood donors. CONCLUSIONS : Our research findings suggest that the HDE is present among blood donors, particularly among female donors and those who first donated blood between the ages of 46 and 55 years. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200055983; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=51760.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Su
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chong Qing, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Data Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyun Gu
- Department of Information Technology, Shaanxi Health Information Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Department of Information Technology, Shaanxi Health Information Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaodong Su
- Department of Medical Record Management, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Aowei Song
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinxin Xie
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Qianke Cheng
- Department of Information Technology, Shaanxi Health Information Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingxia Guo
- Planning Development and Information Office, Health Commission of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Artificial Intelligence and Modelling in Epidemiology Program, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jiangcun Yang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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