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Song Q, Li Y, Cao L, Hao L, Wen N, Wang F, Ma C, Zhang G, Zheng H, Yu W, An Z, Yin Z, Wang H. Impact of National Immunization Strategies on Vaccine-Preventable Diseases - China, 1950-2021. China CDC Wkly 2024; 6:339-343. [PMID: 38736466 PMCID: PMC11082052 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? The incidences of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) included in the Expanded Program on Immunization in China have decreased significantly in recent decades. What is added by this report? This study summarizes the national incidences of nine VPDs and the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) under different immunization strategies from 1950 through 2021 in China. The sharpest decreases in VPD incidence and under-5-year HBsAg seroprevalence occurred during the latest stage of the National Immunization Program. The decreases in VPD incidence were most prominent among children under five years of age. What are the implications for public health practice? These findings provide valuable insights for vaccine value assessment and emphasize the importance of implementing immunization strategies in targeted populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanwei Song
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), Beijing, China
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Yixing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), Beijing, China
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), Beijing, China
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Lixin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), Beijing, China
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Ning Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), Beijing, China
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Fuzhen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), Beijing, China
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), Beijing, China
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Guomin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), Beijing, China
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), Beijing, China
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenzhou Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), Beijing, China
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhijie An
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), Beijing, China
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Zundong Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), Beijing, China
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Huaqing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), Beijing, China
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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Shi T, Meng L, Li D, Jin N, Zhao X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zheng H, Zhao X, Li J, Shen X, Ren X. Effect of different vaccine strategies for the control of Japanese encephalitis in mainland China from 1961 to 2020: A quantitative analysis. Vaccine 2022; 40:6243-6254. [PMID: 36137902 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to quantify the impact of each vaccine strategy (including the P3-inactivated vaccine strategy [1968-1987], the SA 14-14-2 live-attenuated vaccine strategy [1988-2007], and the Expanded Program on Immunization [EPI, 2008-2020]) on the incidence of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in regions with different economic development levels. METHODS The JE incidence in mainland China from 1961 to 2020 was summarized by year, then modeled and analyzed using an interrupted time series analysis. RESULTS After the P3-inactivated vaccine was used, the JE incidence in Eastern China, Central China, Western China and Northeast China in 1968 decreased by 39.80 % (IRR = 0.602, P < 0.001), 7.80 % (IRR = 0.922, P < 0.001), 10.80 % (IRR = 0.892, P < 0.001) and 31.90 % (IRR = 0.681, P < 0.001); the slope/trend of the JE incidence from 1968 to 1987 decreased by 30.80 % (IRR = 0.692, P < 0.001), 29.30 % (IRR = 0.707, P < 0.001), 33.00 % (IRR = 0.670, P < 0.001) and 41.20 % (IRR = 0.588, P < 0.001). After the SA 14-14-2 live-attenuated vaccine was used, the JE incidence in Eastern China and Northeast China in 1988 decreased by 2.60 % (IRR = 0.974, P = 0.009) and 14.70 % (IRR = 0.853, P < 0.001); the slope/trend of the JE incidence in Eastern China and Central China from 1988 to 2007 decreased by 4.60 % (IRR = 0.954, P < 0.001) and 4.70 % (IRR = 0.953, P < 0.001). After the EPI was implemented, the JE incidence in Eastern China, Central China and Western China in 2008 decreased by 10.50 % (IRR = 0.895, P = 0.013), 18.00 % (IRR = 0.820, P < 0.001) and 24.20 % (IRR = 0.758, P < 0.001), the slope/trend of the JE incidence in Eastern China from 2008 to 2020 decreased by 17.80 % (IRR = 0.822, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Each vaccine strategy has different effects on the JE incidence in regions with different economic development. Additionally, some economically underdeveloped regions have gradually become the main areas of the JE outbreak. Therefore, mainland China should provide economic assistance to areas with low economic development and improve JE vaccination plans in the future to control the epidemic of JE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshan Shi
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Donghua Li
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Na Jin
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiangkai Zhao
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hongmiao Zheng
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Juansheng Li
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiping Shen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiaowei Ren
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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Yu Z, Quddoos MU, Akhtar MH, Sajid Amin M, Razzak L, Tariq M, Khan SAR. Re-examining the nexuses of communicable diseases, environmental performance, and dynamics of sustainable Development in OECD countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:65771-65786. [PMID: 35488993 PMCID: PMC9055374 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the determinants of communicable diseases (CDs) and nexus of financial development, economic development, and renewable energy consumption to address the issues of ecological footprint level, the impacts of communicable diseases (CDs), and economic growth of the OECD countries throughout 2000-2019. The results from FMOLS and DOLS reveal that the levels of financial development, energy consumption, and trade volume significantly contribute to overcoming the death toll occurring due to CDs. As regards the growth function, the level of trade in the economy is significantly associated with economic growth. The findings reveal that the improvements and developments in the financial sectors and trading activities cause a reduction in the infection cases represented by COVID-19. In contrast, economic growth does have a negative but insignificant impact upon COVID-19. We conclude that sound financial development combined with economic and environmental regulations could be strategically helpful to cope with CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yu
- School of Economics and Management, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Business Administration, ILMA University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Sajid Amin
- Department of Commerce, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Laeeq Razzak
- School of Economics, Poznan University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Statistics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Wu X, Tang S, Wang Z, Ma X, Zhang L, Zhang F, Xiao L, Zhao S, Li Q, Wang Y, Wang Q, Chen K. Immune Enhancement by the Tetra-Peptide Hydrogel as a Promising Adjuvant for an H7N9 Vaccine against Highly Pathogenic H7N9 Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10010130. [PMID: 35062791 PMCID: PMC8778772 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Short peptide hydrogel was reported as a possible adjuvant for vaccines. In order to evaluate whether the Tetra-Peptide Hydrogel can be a promising adjuvant for an H7N9 vaccine against the highly pathogenic H7N9 virus, we conducted this study. Methods: Tetra-Peptide Hydrogels (D and L conformations) were prepared by a self-assembly system using a Naproxen acid modified tetra peptide of GFFY (Npx-GFFY). Mice received two immunizations with the D-Tetra-Peptide Hydrogel adjuvant vaccine, the L-Tetra-Peptide Hydrogel adjuvant vaccine, or the split vaccine. Fourteen days following the second dose, the mice were challenged with the highly pathogenic A/Guangdong/GZ8H002/2017(H7N9) virus. The mice were observed for signs of illness, weight loss, pathological alterations of the lung tissues and immune responses in the following 2 weeks. Results: The D/L-Tetra-Peptide Hydrogels resembled long bars with hinges on each other, with a diameter of ~10 nm. The H7N9 vaccine was observed to adhere to the hydrogel. All the unvaccinated mice were dead by 8 days post infection with H7N9. The mice immunized by the split H7N9 vaccine were protected against infection with H7N9. Mice immunized by D/L-Tetra-Peptide Hydrogel adjuvant vaccines experienced shorter symptomatic periods and their micro-neutralization titers were higher than in the split H7N9 vaccine at 2 weeks post infection. The hemagglutinating inhibition (HI) titer in the L-Tetra-Peptide Hydrogel adjuvant vaccine group was higher than that in the split H7N9 vaccine 1 week and 2 weeks post infection. The HI titer in the D-Tetra-Peptide Hydrogel adjuvant vaccine group was higher than that in the split H7N9 vaccine at 2 weeks post infection. Conclusion: The D/L Tetra-Peptide Hydrogels increased the protection of the H7N9 vaccine and could be promising adjuvants for H7N9 vaccines against highly pathogenic H7N9 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (F.Z.); (L.X.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Songjia Tang
- Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Zhehua Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease and Medical Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, 1229 Gudun Road, Xihu, Hangzhou 310012, China; (Z.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiaoyun Ma
- Department of Infectious Disease and Medical Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, 1229 Gudun Road, Xihu, Hangzhou 310012, China; (Z.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Lingjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (F.Z.); (L.X.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Fen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (F.Z.); (L.X.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Lanlan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (F.Z.); (L.X.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (F.Z.); (L.X.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (F.Z.); (L.X.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Q.W.); (K.C.)
| | - Qingjing Wang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Q.W.); (K.C.)
| | - Keda Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (F.Z.); (L.X.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Q.W.); (K.C.)
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da Costa ÉSM, Hyeda A, Maluf EMCP. Hospital costs of immunopreventable diseases in the economically active population in Brazil. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1221. [PMID: 34763679 PMCID: PMC8582145 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunopreventable diseases are a public health reality in Brazil and worldwide, a reality that is not exclusive to children, but affects the adult population. OBJECTIVES Discriminating the total costs of hospitalizations from immunopreventable diseases in the population aged 20 to 59 years. METHODS A population, observational, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted with secondary information from DATASUS to discriminate the hospitalizations associated with immunopreventable diseases in Brazil and their care costs, within the Scope of the SUS, between 2008 and 2018, in the economically active population (20 to 59 years). RESULTS It was analyzed 127,746 hospitalizations for immunopreventable diseases, (27.92% of all hospitalizations) were observed in the adult population, totaled R$115,682,097.54 (29.72% of the total costs). Of this population studied, 51.48% were registered as male; 66.74% were associated with influenza disease; 16.05% to chickenpox/herpes zoster infection and 7.55% to acute hepatitis B infections. The trend analysis of the time series of hospitalizations in this population showed a stationary trend. CONCLUSIONS The 127,746 hospitalizations could be avoided with immunization, and 127,746 workers who could be working and not hospitalized. There were also R$115,682,097.54 that could be invested in other public health needs, which became necessary for the treatment of preventable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriano Hyeda
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), General Carneiro Street, 181, Curitiba, Paraná, 80.060-900, Brazil
| | - Eliane M C P Maluf
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), General Carneiro Street, 181, Curitiba, Paraná, 80.060-900, Brazil
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Sun TT, Tao R, Su CW, Umar M. How Do Economic Fluctuations Affect the Mortality of Infectious Diseases? Front Public Health 2021; 9:678213. [PMID: 33968891 PMCID: PMC8100195 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.678213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper uses the mixed frequency vector autoregression model to explore the impact of economic fluctuations on infectious diseases mortality (IDM) from China perspective. We find that quarterly gross domestic product (GDP) fluctuations have a negative impact on the annual IDM, indicating that the mortality of infectious diseases varies counter-cyclically with the business cycle in China. Specifically, IDM usually increases with deterioration in economic conditions, and vice versa. The empirical results are consistent with the hypothesis I derived from the theoretical analysis, which highlights that economic fluctuations can negatively affect the mortality of infectious diseases. The findings can offer revelations for the government to consider the role of economic conditions in controlling the epidemic of infectious diseases. Policymakers should adopt appropriate and effective strategies to mitigate the potential negative effects of macroeconomic downturns on the mortality of infectious diseases. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, these analyses further emphasize the importance of promoting economic growth, increasing public health expenditure, and preventing and controlling foreign infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Sun
- School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Preventation, Qingdao, China
| | - Chi-Wei Su
- School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Muhammad Umar
- School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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