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Liu Z, Bian W, Bian Y. Leadership Blossoms in Parental Warmth: Positive Parenting Practices Shape Adolescent Leader Emergence via Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Mechanisms. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-01983-y. [PMID: 38782844 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Developing leadership skills during adolescence is crucial for future career success. Previous studies have primarily focused on the impact of school settings, academic courses, and simulated team tasks on leader emergence, neglecting the significant role of parental influence in this process. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research investigated the positive relationship between parental warmth and adolescent leader emergence and the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. The quantitative study (Study 1) collected multi-source data from 1255 adolescents (Mage = 14.2, SDage = 0.56, 48.2% male) and their parents, teachers and peers. Findings from Study 1 revealed a positive correlation between parental warmth and adolescent leader emergence. Structural equation modeling showed two mediating pathways: an intrapersonal pathway involving self-esteem and leader self-efficacy, and an interpersonal pathway involving empathy and prosocial behavior. Encouragement of independence, as an additional adolescents-focused parenting practice, strengthened the observed positive relationship. The qualitative study (Study 2) conducted in-depth interviews with adolescents to identify the parental practices that facilitate or hinder adolescent leader emergence for the triangulation of the central research question. Study 2 collected data from 32 adolescents (Mage = 15.16, SDage = 1.37, 50% male). Findings from Study 2 corroborated the significance of parental warmth and the encouragement of independence for adolescent leader emergence, elucidating specific parenting behaviors conducive to these positive parenting practices, such as providing companionship and communication, as well as encouraging adolescents to participate in household tasks. This mix-methods research prepositioned the stages of leadership development, advocating for the importance of the warmth and autonomy from parents as formative factors for cultivating the next generation of leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguang Liu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wenjun Bian
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufang Bian
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Jia R, Yang Q, Liu B, Song H, Wang Z. Social anxiety and celebrity worship: the mediating effects of mobile phone dependence and moderating effects of family socioeconomic status. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:364. [PMID: 37908023 PMCID: PMC10619286 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Absorption-addiction model suggests that people worship celebrities to compensate for some personal or social defects, so poor mental state is related to celebrity worship. The current study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms influencing celebrity worship. A total of 1,147 participants (aged 19-26 years) completed online questionnaires to assess social anxiety, mobile phone dependence, parental income and celebrity worship. Results showed that: (1) social anxiety, socioeconomic status (SES) and celebrity worship were positively correlated; (2) Social anxiety affected celebrity worship through mobile phone dependence; (3) SES played a moderating role in the mediation model. At higher levels of SES, individuals with high social anxiety showed reduced dependence on mobile phones. These findings highlight the importance of mobile phone dependence and family SES in celebrity worship. Additionally, the findings demonstrated that females are more likely to pay attention to celebrities, but the greater SES and reduced mobile phone dependence can mitigate their celebrity addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jia
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Yuncheng Central Hospital of Shanxi Province, Yuncheng, China
| | - Han Song
- College of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhengjun Wang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062, China.
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Asselmann E, Holst E, Specht J. Longitudinal bidirectional associations between personality and becoming a leader. J Pers 2023; 91:285-298. [PMID: 35428997 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leaders differ in their personalities from non-leaders. However, when do these differences emerge? Are leaders "born to be leaders" or does their personality change in preparation for a leadership role and due to increasing leadership experience? METHOD Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, we examined personality differences between leaders (N = 2683 leaders, women: n = 967; 36.04%) and non-leaders (N = 33,663) as well as personality changes before and after becoming a leader. RESULTS Already in the years before starting a leadership position, leaders-to-be were more extraverted, open, emotionally stable, conscientious, and willing to take risks, felt to have greater control, and trusted others more than non-leaders. Moreover, personality changed in emergent leaders: While approaching a leadership position, leaders-to-be (especially men) became gradually more extraverted, open, and willing to take risks and felt to have more control over their life. After becoming a leader, they became less extraverted, less willing to take risks, and less conscientious but gained self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that people are not simply "born to be leaders" but that their personalities change considerably in preparation for a leadership role and due to leadership experience. Some changes are transient, but others last for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Asselmann
- Department of Psychology, HMU Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Elke Holst
- German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jule Specht
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Wang R, Lin X, Wang L. The paradoxical effects of social class on career adaptability: The role of intolerance of uncertainty. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1064603. [PMID: 36562049 PMCID: PMC9766956 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1064603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction As a growth background factor, family social class has far-reaching effects on youth career development. However, we have limited understanding of the role and functional mechanisms of social class in career adaptability. Based on the social cognitive theory of social class, we examine the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between youths' subjective social class and career adaptability. We also explore the moderating influences of self-esteem. Methods Data were collected from a sample consisting of 712 undergraduates (63.2% female) in China. Results Results show that subjective social class positively impacts career adaptability via prospective anxiety, and negatively impacts career adaptability via inhibitory anxiety. The intensity of these indirect relationships is contingent on youths' self-esteem. Discussion Our study illustrates the complex and paradoxical effects of social class on career adaptability and has important theoretical and practical implications. This study expands the theoretical perspective by bringing in the social cognitive theory of social class, provides novel insight into the complex interaction between individuals and the environment in youth career development, and should provide inspiration for the design of career intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimeng Wang
- School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Ruimeng Wang,
| | - Xinqi Lin
- School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Barling J, Weatherhead JG, Pupco S, Turner N, Montgomery AW. Contextual, interpersonal, and personal predictors of young adults' affective-identity motivation to lead. LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/lodj-05-2021-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeWhy some people are motivated to become leaders is important both conceptually and practically. Motivation to lead compels people to seek out leadership roles and is a distinct predictor of leader role occupancy. The goal of our research is to determine contextual (socioeconomic status and parenting quality), interpersonal (sociometric status), and personal (self-esteem and gender) antecedents of the motivation to lead among young adults.Design/methodology/approachThe authors tested the model using two samples of Canadian undergraduate students (Sample 1: N = 174, M age = 20.02 years, 83% female; Sample 2: N = 217, M age = 18.8 years, 54% female). The authors tested the proposed measurement model using the first sample, and tested the hypothesized structural model using the second sample.FindingsThe proposed 5-factor measurement model provided an excellent fit to the data. The hypothesized model also provided a good fit to the data after controlling for potential threats from endogeneity. In addition, gender moderated the relationship between sociometric status and affective-identity motivation to lead, such that this interaction was significant for females but not males.Practical implicationsThe findings make a practical contribution in understanding how parents, teachers, and organizations can encourage greater motivation to lead, especially among young adults who have faced poverty and marginalization and tend to be excluded from leadership positions in organizations.Originality/valueThe authors conceptualize and test the contextual, interpersonal, and personal predictors of affective-identity motivation to lead among young adults.
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Vogel B, Reichard RJ, Batistič S, Černe M. A bibliometric review of the leadership development field: How we got here, where we are, and where we are headed. LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2020.101381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Singla H, Mehta MD, Mehta P. Modeling spiritual intelligence on quality of work life of college teachers: a mediating role of psychological capital. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUALITY AND SERVICE SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/ijqss-07-2020-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the effect of spiritual intelligence on the quality of work life (QWL) of college teachers. Besides this, the mediating impact of psychological capital on improving their QWL and moderating effect of gender has also been examined in the study.
Design/methodology/approach
Variance-based structural equation modelling is used for testing the proposed structural model with a sample of 451 college teachers.
Findings
The findings of the study reveal that QWL is positively influenced by spiritual intelligence. Moreover, QWL can be augmented with the presence of psychological capital. Nevertheless, there exist no gender differences with respect to the relationships of the study.
Practical implications
The study holds implications for the teachers and educational institutions as they can prepare themselves to cope up with the stressful events and experience a good QWL.
Social implications
A teacher’s role is said to be instrumental in bringing about a holistic development in pupil’s personality by instilling right value system in him/her. Nevertheless, such role of the teachers can only be justified if the teachers are equipped with higher levels of spiritual intelligence and are psychologically more active and satisfied with their work life.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first of its kind that makes an incremental contribution to the QWL literature by exploring a partial mediating role of psychological capital on the relationship between spiritual intelligence and QWL.
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Brown MI, Wai J, Chabris CF. Can You Ever Be Too Smart for Your Own Good? Comparing Linear and Nonlinear Effects of Cognitive Ability on Life Outcomes. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021; 16:1337-1359. [PMID: 33682520 DOI: 10.1177/1745691620964122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite a long-standing expert consensus about the importance of cognitive ability for life outcomes, contrary views continue to proliferate in scholarly and popular literature. This divergence of beliefs presents an obstacle for evidence-based policymaking and decision-making in a variety of settings. One commonly held idea is that greater cognitive ability does not matter or is actually harmful beyond a certain point (sometimes stated as > 100 or 120 IQ points). We empirically tested these notions using data from four longitudinal, representative cohort studies comprising 48,558 participants in the United States and United Kingdom from 1957 to the present. We found that ability measured in youth has a positive association with most occupational, educational, health, and social outcomes later in life. Most effects were characterized by a moderate to strong linear trend or a practically null effect (mean R2 range = .002-.256). Nearly all nonlinear effects were practically insignificant in magnitude (mean incremental R2 = .001) or were not replicated across cohorts or survey waves. We found no support for any downside to higher ability and no evidence for a threshold beyond which greater scores cease to be beneficial. Thus, greater cognitive ability is generally advantageous-and virtually never detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt I Brown
- Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Wai
- Department of Education Reform, Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas
| | - Christopher F Chabris
- Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
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Hoyland T, Psychogios A, Epitropaki O, Damiani J, Mukhuty S, Priestnall C. A two-nation investigation of leadership self-perceptions and motivation to lead in early adulthood: the moderating role of gender and socio-economic status. LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/lodj-03-2020-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeDrawing on the social-cognitive and motivational literature of leadership, the present study examines the influence of young adults' self-perceptions of leadership on their leadership self-efficacy (LSE) and motivation to lead (MTL) in their future career. The authors further examine gender and socio-economic status (SES) as important moderators of the proposed relationships.Design/methodology/approachThe present investigation consists of a two-study research design, based on data collected from young adult samples across two culturally different countries, namely the UK (N = 267) and Japan (N = 127).FindingsThe study presents evidence of self-perceptions of leadership influencing LSE and MTL. The results further support the mediating role of leader self-efficacy. Regarding the moderating role of gender, results in both samples showed that the effects of leader self-efficacy on MTL were stronger for males. SES was found to moderate the effects of leadership self-perceptions of negative implicit leadership theories (ILTs) on LSE in the UK sample and the effects of leadership self-perceptions of positive ILTs on LSE in the Japanese sample.Originality/valueThis study fills the gap of empirical research focused on early adulthood influences on leadership development. In particular, this study has a three-fold contribution, by, firstly, developing a conceptual model that examines the role of young adults' self-perceptions of leadership on their self-efficacy as leaders and MTL; secondly examining contingencies of the proposed relationships; and thirdly testing the conceptual model in two countries.
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College women leaders, 1985–2015: achievement motivations across generations. JOURNAL OF MANAGERIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/jmp-03-2019-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeGiven continuing gender inequality in the upper echelons of organizations, women's leadership aspirations and orientations are of significant research interest. Controversy remains as to whether today's “Millennial” college women approach work with different leadership aspirations and attitudes than previous generational cohorts. This study compares the leadership and achievement orientations of college women leaders from 1985 to 2015, along with peer comparators from 2015.Design/methodology/approachData were obtained from attendees at a conference for college women leaders in 1985 and 2015; male and female comparators were surveyed in 2015.FindingsComparing 1985 and 2015 cohorts of college women leaders suggests both similarity and change, as well as differences between women leaders and their male and female peers. Women leaders from 2015 demonstrated no differences in intrinsic direct achievement, lower self-esteem and higher power apprehension and lower levels of leadership motivation compared to the 1985 cohort. Millennial women leaders reported higher intrinsic direct and power direct achievement than male and female peers, with men higher on competitive achievement than either female group. Millennial women were more concerned about workplace gender equity, about sharing household responsibilities and were more favorable toward using external childcare while working compared to male peers.Practical implicationsImplications for developing young women with leadership potential are discussed.Originality/valueThese results make a strong contribution to understanding the leadership aspirations, achievement orientations and work–life expectations of the next generation of organizational leaders.
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Offermann LR, Thomas KR, Lanzo LA, Smith LN. Achieving leadership and success: A 28-year follow-up of college women leaders. THE LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Family socioeconomic status and youth leadership potential: Serial mediating effects of parental rearing behaviors and youth self-esteem. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nuzulia S, Why FYP. When the Dark Shines: The Role of Dark Personality Traits in Leadership Role Occupancy and Hiring Decisions in a Collectivistic Culture. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550619893956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two studies investigated the role of the Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism), conscientiousness, and intelligence on leadership role occupancy and hiring decisions in Indonesian culture, which is a collectivist culture. Study 1 used generalized linear model to examine two groups of participants with (i.e., school principals) and without (i.e., teachers) significant leadership responsibilities by controlling for participant grouping by school. The results indicated that, in comparison with teachers, school principals had significantly higher narcissism and conscientiousness and lower psychopathy and intelligence. In Study 2, video recordings of simulated job interviews of 133 undergraduates were evaluated by 133 professional recruiters. Interviewee narcissism was the only significant positive predictor for hiring decision. Both studies provide consistent evidence that narcissism is a significant positive factor in both leadership role occupancy and hiring decision in a collectivist culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nuzulia
- Department of Psychology, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
- Department of Psychology, University of Hull, United Kingdom
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From School to Work: Improving Graduates’ Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12030804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As boundaryless careers become mainstream, individuals need to enhance career decision-making self-efficacy (CDSE) during career transitions to secure better employment outcomes and sustainable career development, especially when moving from a school to a work environment. Drawing on social cognitive career theory, this study empirically proposed a moderated mediation model to examine whether proactive personality (measured at Time 1), career success criteria clarity (CSCC, measured at Time 2), and family socioeconomic status (including family income, parents’ educational level, and parents’ occupational level; measured at Time 1) would contribute to CDSE (measured at Time 2). Results based on a two-wave survey of 235 college students showed that: (1) proactive personality positively predicted CDSE; (2) CSCC positively predicted CDSE; (3) CSCC partly mediated the relation between proactive personality and CDSE; (4) the positive effect of CSCC on CDSE was stronger among students with a lower family socioeconomic status. Individuals with strong proactive personalities were more likely to develop salience in career success criteria and in turn became more confident in making career decisions. Therefore, vocational educators in higher education could help to improve students’ CDSE by promoting training programs for proactive thinking, providing successful role models, and encouraging family involvement, especially for students with a lower family socioeconomic status.
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Yuan Y, Chen Q, Sun X, Liu Z, Xue G, Yang D. Development and Preliminary Validation of the Youth Leadership Potential Scale. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2310. [PMID: 31681104 PMCID: PMC6811702 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the need for a valid and reliable scale of youth leadership potential based on the development theory of leadership, the current study developed the Youth Leadership Potential Scale (YLPS) and investigated its factor structure and psychometric properties in a sample of 696 students (grades 7–9) in China. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) identified a five-factor solution comprising leadership information, leadership attitude, communication skills, decision-making skills, and stress management skills. ESEM within confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated an adequate fit for this structure. The scale showed good composite reliability and measurement invariance across different gender and grade/age groups. The scale also showed sufficient concurrent validity with the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, the Chinese Roets Rating Scale for Leadership, and the Leadership Skills Inventory. Furthermore, criterion-related validity was supported by the relationship between YLPS scores and the length of student leadership positions. The results suggest that the YLPS is a valid and pragmatic measure for assessing youth leadership potential. The current study is the first to develop a youth leadership potential scale based on the development theory of leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Yunnan Provincial Natural Gas Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Xue
- Department of Public Administration, Chinese Academy of Governance, Beijing, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Human Capital Management, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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Yu S, Blader SL. Why Does Social Class Affect Subjective Well-Being? The Role of Status and Power. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2019; 46:331-348. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167219853841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The link between social class and subjective well-being (SWB) has been an important topic of inquiry, with broad implications for understanding the psychology of social class and the determinants of SWB. Prior research on this topic has focused primarily on the extent to which social class affects SWB and the factors that moderate that impact. We extend prior work by examining the concerns that account for why social class shapes SWB. In particular, we examine the role of status and power in mediating the impact of one’s social class on one’s SWB. Across five studies, we theorize and find that status mediates the impact of social class on SWB and, moreover, that status is a stronger mediator of this link than is power. Overall, these studies advance scholarly research on the psychology of social hierarchy by clarifying the interplay between social class, status, and power in relation to SWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yu
- New York University, New York City, USA
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Reitan T, Stenberg SÅ. From classroom to conscription. Leadership emergence in childhood and early adulthood. THE LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Steele AR, Day DV. The Role of Self-Attention in Leader Development. JOURNAL OF LEADERSHIP STUDIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jls.21570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dietl E, Rule N, Blickle G. Core self-evaluations mediate the association between leaders' facial appearance and their professional success: Adults' and children's perceptions. LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fedi A, Rollero C. If Stigmatized, Self-Esteem Is not Enough: Effects of Sexism, Self-Esteem and Social Identity on Leadership Aspiration. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 12:533-549. [PMID: 27872665 PMCID: PMC5114871 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v12i4.984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ambivalent sexism has many pernicious consequences. Since gender stereotypes also affect leadership roles, the present research investigated the effects of ambivalent sexism on envisioning oneself as a leader. Our studies tested the influence of sexist attitudes (toward women - Study 1 - and men - Study 2) on leadership aspiration, taking into account the interaction among ambivalent attitudes, personal characteristics (e.g. self-esteem), and group processes (e.g. level of identification with gender). Specifically, the current study used a 3 (sexism: hostile, benevolent, control) x 2 (social identification: high, low) x 2 (self-esteem: high, low) factorial design. 178 women participated in Study 1. Results showed that, although sexism was not recognised as a form of prejudice and did not trigger negative emotions, in sexist conditions high-identified women increase their leadership aspiration. In Study 2 men (N = 184) showed to recognise hostility as a form of prejudice, to experience more negative emotions, but to be not influenced in leadership aspiration. For both men and women self-esteem had a significant main effect on leadership aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fedi
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Rollero
- Faculty of Psychology, University eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
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Hagmann-von Arx P, Gygi JT, Weidmann R, Grob A. Testing Relations of Crystallized and Fluid Intelligence and the Incremental Predictive Validity of Conscientiousness and Its Facets on Career Success in a Small Sample of German and Swiss Workers. Front Psychol 2016; 7:500. [PMID: 27148112 PMCID: PMC4830819 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relation of fluid and crystallized intelligence with extrinsic (occupational skill level, income) and intrinsic (job satisfaction) career success as well as the incremental predictive validity of conscientiousness and its facets. Participants (N = 121) completed the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS), the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), and reported their occupational skill level, income, and job satisfaction. Results revealed that crystallized intelligence was positively related to occupational skill level, but not to income. The association of crystallized intelligence and job satisfaction was negative and stronger for the lowest occupational skill level, whereas it was non-significant for higher levels. Fluid intelligence showed no association with career success. Beyond intelligence, conscientiousness and its facet self-discipline were associated with income, whereas conscientiousness and its facets competence and achievement striving were associated with job satisfaction. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the assessment process as well as for future research to adequately predict career success.
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Li WD, Wang N, Arvey RD, Soong R, Saw SM, Song Z. A mixed blessing? Dual mediating mechanisms in the relationship between dopamine transporter gene DAT1 and leadership role occupancy. LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Daly M, Egan M, O'Reilly F. Childhood general cognitive ability predicts leadership role occupancy across life: Evidence from 17,000 cohort study participants. LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zaccaro SJ, Connelly S, Repchick KM, Daza AI, Young MC, Kilcullen RN, Gilrane VL, Robbins JM, Bartholomew LN. The influence of higher order cognitive capacities on leader organizational continuance and retention: The mediating role of developmental experiences. LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hojat M, Michalec B, Veloski JJ, Tykocinski ML. Can empathy, other personality attributes, and level of positive social influence in medical school identify potential leaders in medicine? ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2015; 90:505-10. [PMID: 25629944 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the hypotheses that medical students recognized by peers as the most positive social influencers would score (1) high on measures of engaging personality attributes that are conducive to relationship building (empathy, sociability, activity, self-esteem), and (2) low on disengaging personality attributes that are detrimental to interpersonal relationships (loneliness, neuroticism, aggression-hostility, impulsive sensation seeking). METHOD The study included 666 Jefferson Medical College students who graduated in 2011-2013. Students used a peer nomination instrument to identify classmates who had a positive influence on their professional and personal development. At matriculation, these students had completed a survey that included the Jefferson Scale of Empathy and Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire short form and abridged versions of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale. In multivariate analyses of variance, the method of contrasted groups was used to compare the personality attributes of students nominated most frequently by their peers as positive influencers (top influencers [top 25% in their class distribution], n = 176) with those of students nominated least frequently (bottom influencers [bottom 25%], n = 171). RESULTS The top influencers scored significantly higher on empathy, sociability, and activity and significantly lower on loneliness compared with the bottom influencers. However, the effect size estimates of the differences were moderate at best. CONCLUSIONS The research hypotheses were partially confirmed. Positive social influencers appear to possess personality attributes conducive to relationship building, which is an important feature of effective leadership. The findings have implications for identifying and training potential leaders in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Hojat
- Dr. Hojat is research professor of psychiatry and human behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, and director, Jefferson Longitudinal Study of Medical Education, Center for Research in Medical Education and Health Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Michalec is assistant professor, Department of Sociology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware. Mr. Veloski is director, Medical Education Division, Center for Research in Medical Education and Health Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Tykocinski is provost and executive vice president for academic affairs, Thomas Jefferson University, and Anthony F. and Gertrude M. De Palma Dean and Professor of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
Do former high school athletes make better employees than nonathletes? Two studies examine how participation in competitive youth sports appears to be relevant for early-career job prospects as well as late-in-life outcomes. In the short run, Study 1 shows that people expect former student-athletes to display significantly more leadership, self-confidence, and self-respect than those who were active outside of sports—such as being in the band or on the yearbook staff. In the long run, Study 2 uses biodata to discover that men who participated in varsity-level high school sports an average of 60 years earlier appeared to demonstrate higher levels of leadership and enjoyed higher-status careers. Surprisingly, these ex-athletes also exhibited more prosocial behavior than nonathletes—they more frequently volunteered time and donated to charity. These findings open a wide range of possibilities regarding how one’s participation in competitive youth sports might influence the development of important skills and values beyond simply signaling the specific traits examined here. Moreover, this contributes to theoretical debates about the traits of students involved in competitive athletics, and it highlights the need for closer attention to the relevance of sports in the workplace and beyond—including late-in-life charitable giving and voluntarism.
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Fitzsimmons TW, Callan VJ, Paulsen N. Gender disparity in the C-suite: Do male and female CEOs differ in how they reached the top? THE LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Day DV, Fleenor JW, Atwater LE, Sturm RE, McKee RA. Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25years of research and theory. LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
This paper argues that children and childhood constitute a ‘white space’ in organization studies, which should now be explored, mapped and analysed. Rather than being separate, children and organization are deeply implicated in one another, which provides a rich basis for theoretical inquiry. The paper draws on Spivak’s concept of the subaltern and on actor-network theory to articulate how and where organization studies might critically engage with, and find a place for, children and childhood. It frames such an inquiry around six potential research trajectories: epistemological, methodological, ontological, temporal, political and reflexive.
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Day DV. Integrative perspectives on longitudinal investigations of leader development: From childhood through adulthood. LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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