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Hu Y, Tian L, Ma K, Han L, Li W, Hu L, Fei G, Zhang T, Yu D, Xu L, Wang F, Xiao B, Chen L. ER stress-related protein, CHOP, may serve as a biomarker of mechanical asphyxia: a primary study. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:1091-1104. [PMID: 35122137 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The precise authentication of death from mechanical asphyxia (DMA) has been a complex problem in forensic medicine. Besides the traditional methods that concern the superficial characterization of the body, researchers are now paying more attention to the biomarkers that may help the identification of DMA. It has been reported that the extremely hypoxic environment created by DMA can cause the specific expression of mitochondria-related protein, which may sever as the biomarkers of DMA authentication. Since endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) has been found to be related to the dysfunction of mitochondria, it is promising to look for the biomarkers of DMA among ER stress-related proteins. In this article, animal and cell experiments were conducted to examine how ER-mitochondria interaction may be influenced in the hypoxic condition caused by DMA primarily. Human samples were then used to verify the possible biomarkers of DMA. We found that ER stress-related protein CHOP was significantly up-regulated within a short-term postmortem interval (PMI) in brain tissue of DMA samples, which may interact with a series of ER stress- and mitochondria-related protein, leading to the apoptosis of the cells. It was also verified in human samples that the expression level of CHOP can sever as a potential biomarker of DMA within a specific PMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Tian
- Forensic Lab, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Pudong Branch, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, 255 Yanzhong Road, Shanghai, 200125, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijun Ma
- Forensic Lab, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, 803 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China
| | - Liujun Han
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencan Li
- Forensic Lab, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Pudong Branch, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, 255 Yanzhong Road, Shanghai, 200125, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyuyan Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Fei
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Shanghai Police College, 100 Chongjing Road, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianye Zhang
- Forensic Lab, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, 803 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China
| | - Delun Yu
- Forensic Lab, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, 803 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyi Xu
- Forensic Lab, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, 803 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Forensic Lab, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Qianjiang Public Security Bureau, 27 Nanpu Road, Qianjiang, 433199, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi Xiao
- Forensic Lab, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, 803 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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He J, Lu H, Young L, Deng R, Callow D, Tong S, Jia X. Real-time quantitative monitoring of cerebral blood flow by laser speckle contrast imaging after cardiac arrest with targeted temperature management. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1161-1171. [PMID: 29283290 PMCID: PMC6547180 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17748787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain injury is the main cause of mortality and morbidity after cardiac arrest (CA). Changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) after reperfusion are associated with brain injury and recovery. To characterize the relative CBF (rCBF) after CA, 14 rats underwent 7 min asphyxia-CA and were randomly treated with 6 h post-resuscitation normothermic (36.5-37.5℃) or hypothermic- (32-34℃) targeted temperature management (TTM) (N = 7). rCBF was monitored by a laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) technique. Brain recovery was evaluated by neurologic deficit score (NDS) and quantitative EEG - information quantity (qEEG-IQ). There were regional differences in rCBF among veins of distinct cerebral areas and heterogeneous responses among the three components of the vascular system. Hypothermia immediately following return of spontaneous circulation led to a longer hyperemia duration (19.7 ± 1.8 vs. 12.7 ± 0.8 min, p < 0.01), a lower rCBF (0.73 ± 0.01 vs. 0.79 ± 0.01; p < 0.001) at the hypoperfusion phase, a better NDS (median [25th-75th], 74 [61-77] vs. 49 [40-77], p < 0.01), and a higher qEEG-IQ (0.94 ± 0.02 vs. 0.77 ± 0.02, p < 0.001) compared with normothermic TTM. High resolution LSCI technique demonstrated hypothermic TTM extends hyperemia duration, delays onset of hypoperfusion phase and lowered rCBF, which is associated with early restoration of electrophysiological recovery and improved functional outcome after CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyun He
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hongyang Lu
- 2 School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leanne Young
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruoxian Deng
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Callow
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shanbao Tong
- 2 School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,4 Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,5 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,6 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Expression of Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 and miR-199a in Rat Brain After Fatal Ligature Strangulation. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2017; 38:78-82. [PMID: 28072596 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The roles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and microRNA in the brain tissue after fatal mechanical asphyxia have not been clearly elucidated. We examined the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), the key regulator of unfolded protein response, and miR-199a in the brain tissues of rats subjected to fatal ligature strangulation to understand the roles of ER stress and microRNA in ligature strangulation. The expressions of GRP78 and miR-199a in rat cortex, hippocampi, and midbrain were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in a rat model of ligature strangulation. Furthermore, the levels of miR-199a-3p and miR-199a-5p were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Glucose-regulated protein 78 was highly expressed in the cortex and midbrain in the ligature strangulation group (P < 0.01) when compared with the control group. The expression of GRP78 in the hippocampi showed no significant difference between the 2 groups. miR-199a-3p in the cortex and midbrain was significantly down-regulated in the ligature strangulation group (P < 0.01). However, miR-199a-5p in each brain region showed no significant difference between the 2 groups. In conclusion, ER stress was involved in the physiological and pathological processes of ligature strangulation. Furthermore, upstream miR-199a may play an important regulatory role in mechanical asphyxia.
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