Ascorbic acid and vitamin C-containing beverages delay the leucomalachite green reaction to detect latent bloodstains

Identification of female-specific blood stains using a 17β-estradiol-targeted aptamer-based sensor

Blood stain evidence obtained from a violent crime scene provides decisive clues that can enable a case to be solved through forensic analyses such as genetic identification. However, collected samples usually contain a mixture of biological material from different sources, making genetic identification difficult. To address this issue, we developed an activatable aptamer sensor targeting 17β-estradiol for detection of female-specific blood in mixed samples. With the sensor, we were able to detect blood originating from females using a variable light source (495 nm). The sensor was especially sensitive to blood from young females (10-40 years) but not to blood from older females (≥ 50 years). Genomic DNA was extracted from the female blood specimens identified by this method and used for quantification and short tandem repeat genotyping. We confirmed that there was no fluorescence interference from the aptamer sensor. These results indicate that this novel aptamer sensor can be used to analyze evidentiary blood samples and thereby facilitate subsequent genetic identification.