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Kakimoto Y, Ueda A, Kimura Y, Akiyama T, Tanaka M, Ikeda H, Isozaki S, Maeda K, Osawa M. Layer-specific proteomic profiling of human normal heart. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155453. [PMID: 39003999 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The organized functioning of the anisotropic myocardial layers-including the inner longitudinal, middle circular, and outer longitudinal layers-is essential for stable systemic circulation. However, the proteomic profile of each myocardial layer has not been studied yet. Here, we aimed to elucidate the layer-specific proteomic profile of human cardiac tissue using microscopic sampling. METHODS Normal hearts were obtained from five autopsy cases, and cardiomyocytes were microdissected separately from the three myocardial layers of the left ventricle. Histological analysis and shotgun proteomic profiling were performed, followed by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Histologically, no significant changes were observed among the three layers regarding cardiomyocyte diameter and myocardial fibrosis. Totally 1220 proteins-comprising 9404 peptides-were identified from 15 samples, of which the expression levels of 92 proteins were significantly altered among the layers. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the proteins specifically elevated in the inner and outer layers mostly belonged to the actin filament-binding protein group. In particular, MYH1 was highly expressed in cardiomyocytes in the outer layer, and CTNNA3 was highly expressed at the intercalated disc in the inner layer. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on layer-specific proteomic profiling of human normal hearts. Anisotropic profiles of actin filament-binding proteins in myocardial layers may contribute to the anisotropic contractile and conductive abilities of the heart. Knowledge of the layer-specific proteome profiles of a human heart in the normal state can aid in further research on cardiac pathology, such as the prognosis and treatment of focal myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kakimoto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Ueda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomoko Akiyama
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Haruka Ikeda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Shotaro Isozaki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuho Maeda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Motoki Osawa
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
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Yang T, Kong J, Shao X, Meng Z, Liang P, Zhou N, Jing J, Zhang F, Cheng M, Liu Z, Xu X, Li Y, Guo Y, Wang T, Chen J, Sun X, Zhang Z, Zhang F, Jin B, Wang W, Huang M, Zhang K, Wang H, Li D. A statistical study of postmortem heart weight in Chinese adults. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 354:111912. [PMID: 38103455 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Objective assessment of cardiac hypertrophy in forensic pathology practice is of great significance for forensic pathologists, for whom reference values for normal heart weights are needed. Developed regions such as Europe, the United States, and Japan recalculate the weight of human organs at regular intervals, but in China, there has been no systematic calculation of the weights of human organs since 2006. AIMS To statistically analyse the heart weight of Chinese adults postmortem and obtain a reference range. MATERIALS AND METHODS 4170 adult autopsy reports were collected from 12 forensic departments in 10 provinces in China. The causes of death were classified by sex, and heart weight and the heart weight/body height ratio reference values were further calculated according to different body mass index and body heights. Finally, the cutoff value of cardiac hypertrophy in Chinese adults was calculated. RESULTS In the group of non-cardiovascular disease causes of death, the cardiac weight of the electric death group was higher, while the heart weight of the prolonged bed-rest group was significantly reduced. After the electric death and prolonged bed-rest groups were excluded, heart weight, the heart weight/body height ratio, and cutoff values for cardiac hypertrophy were further classified and analysed according to body mass index. The mean reference values for heart weight in men and women with normal weight status were 325.82 ± 41.60 g and 286.39 ± 44.84 g, and the heart weight/body height ratios were 1.95 ± 0.23 in men and 1.82 ± 0.27, respectively. The cutoff values for cardiac hypertrophy were 387.35 g for men and 346.80 g for women. CONCLUSION The heart weight reference values of both sexes in this study were significantly higher than those in 2006, which is considered related to the development of China's economy and the improvement of people's living standards. This study also suggests the need for a new round of statistical surveys and updated data on the weight of other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Yang
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangwei Kong
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xilin Shao
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilin Meng
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyu Liang
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nian Zhou
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Jing
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu Zhang
- Guangdong Public Security Department, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Guangdong Public Security Department, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengjia Liu
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yingmin Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Forensic Medicine,School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences of Suzhou Medical School, Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xupeng Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Wenzhou Medical University Forensic Center, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Wenzhou Medical University Forensic Center, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Mengxue Huang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Sichuan Huada Judicial Expertise Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongri Li
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Research Center of Traffic Accident Identification Engineering Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Beer T, Eriksson A, Wingren CJ. Cardiac Enlargement in a Medicolegal Autopsy Setting. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2023; 44:267-272. [PMID: 37819124 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A key element for diagnosing cardiac enlargement in an autopsy setting is relevant heart weight references. However, most available references are to a large extent not representative of a medicolegal autopsy population, implying that reference weights are likely lower than those in the relevant population.To establish more applicable heart weight references in a medicolegal autopsy population, we designed a heart weight model that accounts for undiagnosed cardiac enlargement using data from 11,897 nontraumatic Swedish medicolegal autopsy cases autopsied between 2010 and 2019. The model was validated in 296 nonobese young adult suicidal hanging cases.For a decedent of average height (174 cm), the evidence that a heart weight was enlarged reached weak support at approximately 430 g, substantial support at approximately 480 g, and strong support at 520 g. The modeled prevalence of cardiac enlargement was very high among elderly and obese decedents.We believe that our model is more applicable in a medicolegal setting than those previously published. The presented quantification of the degree of uncertainty regarding diagnosis can help the pathologist in diagnosing cardiac enlargement. To facilitate the use of this model, we also made it available through a simple online tool ( https://formedum.shinyapps.io/HeartWeightCalc/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Torfinn Beer
- From the Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation/Forensic Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå
| | - Anders Eriksson
- From the Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation/Forensic Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå
| | - Carl Johan Wingren
- Forensic Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Kakimoto Y, Ueda A, Ito M, Tanaka M, Kubota T, Isozaki S, Osawa M. Proteomic profiling of sudden cardiac death with acquired cardiac hypertrophy. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:1453-1461. [PMID: 37284852 PMCID: PMC10421815 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy, which develops in middle-aged and older individuals as a consequence of hypertension and obesity, is an established risk factor for sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, it is sometimes difficult to differentiate SCD with acquired cardiac hypertrophy (SCH) from compensated cardiac hypertrophy (CCH), at autopsy. We aimed to elucidate the proteomic alteration in SCH, which can be a guideline for future postmortem diagnosis. METHODS Cardiac tissues were sampled at autopsy. SCH group consisted of ischemic heart failure, hypertensive heart failure, and aortic stenosis. CCH group included cases of non-cardiac death with cardiac hypertrophy. The control group comprised cases of non-cardiac death without cardiac hypertrophy. All patients were aged > 40 years, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was not included in this study. We performed histological examination and shotgun proteomic analysis, followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS Significant obesity and myocardial hypertrophy, and mild myocardial fibrosis were comparable in SCH and CCH cases compared to control cases. The proteomic profile of SCH cases was distinguishable from those of CCH and control cases, and many sarcomere proteins were increased in SCH cases. Especially, the protein and mRNA levels of MYH7 and MYL3 were significantly increased in SCH cases. CONCLUSION This is the first report of cardiac proteomic analysis in SCH and CCH cases. The stepwise upregulation of sarcomere proteins may increase the risk for SCD in acquired cardiac hypertrophy before cardiac fibrosis progresses significantly. These findings can possibly aid in the postmortem diagnosis of SCH in middle-aged and older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kakimoto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Ueda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ito
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kubota
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shotaro Isozaki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Osawa
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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