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Facchin C, Fraga-Timiraos AB, Schmitt J, Babaa N, Pannu N, Aliaga A, Larroque AL, Jean-Claude BJ. Molecular Analysis of the Superior Efficacy of a Dual Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-DNA-Targeting Combi-Molecule in Comparison with Its Putative Prodrugs 6-Mono-Alkylamino- and 6,6-Dialkylaminoquinazoline in a Human Osteosarcoma Xenograft Model. Cells 2023; 12:914. [PMID: 36980255 PMCID: PMC10046901 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: ZR2002 is a dual EGFR-DNA-targeting combi-molecule that carries a chloroethyl group at the six-position of the quinazoline ring designed to alkylate DNA. Despite its good pharmacokinetics, ZR2002 is metabolized in vivo into dechlorinated metabolites, losing the DNA-alkylating function required to damage DNA. To increase the DNA damage activity in tumor cells in vivo, we compared ZR2002 with two of its 6-N,N-disubstituted analogs: "JS61", with a nitrogen mustard function at the six-position of the quinazoline ring, and "JS84", with an N-methyl group. Methods: Tumor xenografts were performed with the human Saos-2 osteosarcoma cell line expressing EGFR. Mice were treated with ZR2002, JS84 or JS61, and the tumor burden was measured with a caliper and CT/PET imaging. Drug metabolism was analyzed with LC-MS. EGFR and ɣ-H2AX phosphorylation were quantified via Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Results: In vivo analysis showed that significant tumor growth inhibition was only achieved when ZR2002 was administered in its naked form. The metabolic dealkylation of JS61 and JS84 did not release sufficient concentrations of ZR2002 for the intratumoral inhibition of P-EGFR or enhanced levels of P-H2AX. Conclusions: The results in toto suggest that intratumoral concentrations of intact ZR2002 are correlated with the highest inhibition of P-EGFR and induction of DNA damage in vivo. ZR2002 may well represent a good drug candidate for the treatment of EGFR-expressing osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Facchin
- Cancer Drug Research Laboratory, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bertrand J. Jean-Claude
- Cancer Drug Research Laboratory, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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2
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Seck I, Ciss I, Diédhiou A, Baldé M, Ka S, Ba LA, Ndoye SF, Figadère B, Seon-Meniel B, Gomez G, Cojean S, Pomel S, Loiseau PM, Fall Y, Seck M. 1,2,3-triazenes and 1,2,3-triazoles as antileishmanial, antitrypanosomal, and antiplasmodial agents. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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3
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Jeyanthi G, Karthick T, Beaula TJ, Narayana B, Gnana Sambandam C. Exploration of structural insights, spectroscopic assignments of 4-amino-6-methyl-3-thioxo-3, 4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-5(2H) one. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Figueirêdo PDMS, Sampaio Filho JC, Sodré ADJS, de Castro Júnior JR, Gonçalves IS, Blasques RV, S Correa R, Lima BAV, Dos Anjos Marques L, Coutinho DF, de Azevedo Dos Santos APS, Luz TRSA, de Miranda RDCM, Dos Santos JRA, Doriguetto AC, Pividori MI, Hörner M, Villis PCM. Assessment of the biological potential of diaryltriazene-derived triazene compounds. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2541. [PMID: 33510223 PMCID: PMC7844262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, novel, 1,3-diaryltriazene-derived triazene compounds were synthesized and tested. Triazenes are versatile and belong to a group of alkylating agents with interesting physicochemical properties and proven biological activities. This study describes the synthesis, molecular and crystalline structure, biological activity evaluation, and antifungal and antimicrobial potentials of 1,3-bis(X-methoxy-Y-nitrophenyl)triazenes [X = 2 and 5; Y = 4 and 5]. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the compounds were tested by evaluating the sensitivity of bacteria (American Type Culture Collection, ATCC) and clinical isolates to their solutions using standardized microbiological assays, cytotoxicity evaluation, and ecotoxicity tests. The antimicrobial potentials of triazenes were determined according to their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs); these compounds were active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with low MIC values. The most surprising result was obtained for T3 having the effective MIC of 9.937 µg/mL and antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 90028, C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, and C. tropicallis IC. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report promising activities of triazene compounds against yeast and filamentous fungi. The results showed the potential utility of triazenes as agents affecting selected resistant bacterial and fungal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Costa Sampaio Filho
- Electrochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory (EBL), University of CEUMA (UNICEUMA), São Luís, MA, 65.065-470, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ingrid Santos Gonçalves
- Electrochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory (EBL), University of CEUMA (UNICEUMA), São Luís, MA, 65.065-470, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Vieira Blasques
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics, and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13.600-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Correa
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Dos Anjos Marques
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Clínica, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, 65.080-040, Brazil
| | - Denise Fernandes Coutinho
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, 65.080-040, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - María Isabel Pividori
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Manfredo Hörner
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, 97.110-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Mendes Villis
- Electrochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory (EBL), University of CEUMA (UNICEUMA), São Luís, MA, 65.065-470, Brazil.
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5
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Francisco AP, Mendes E, Santos AR, Perry MJ. Anticancer Triazenes: from Bioprecursors to Hybrid Molecules. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1623-1642. [PMID: 31244412 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190617155749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Triazenes are a very useful and diverse class of compounds that have been studied for their potential in the treatment of many tumors including brain tumor, leukemia and melanoma. Novel compounds of this class continue to be developed as either anticancer compounds or even with other therapeutic applications. This review focused on several types of triazenes from the simplest ones like 1,3-dialkyl-3-acyltriazenes to the more complex ones like combi-triazenes with an emphasis on how triazenes have been developed as effective antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Francisco
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Mendes
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana R Santos
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria J Perry
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Abstract
DNA-damaging agents, such as methylating agents, chloroethylating agents and platinum-based agents, have been extensively used as anticancer drugs. However, the side effects, high toxicity, lack of selectivity and resistance severely limit their clinical applications. In recent years, a strategy combining a DNA-damaging agent with a bioactive molecule (e.g., enzyme inhibitors) or carrier (e.g., steroid hormone and DNA intercalators) to produce a new 'combi-molecule' with improved efficacy or selectivity has been attempted to overcome these drawbacks. The combi-molecule simultaneously acts on two targets and is expected to possess better potency than the parent compounds. Many studies have shown DNA-damaging combi-molecules exhibiting excellent anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. This review focuses on the development of combi-molecules, which possess increased DNA-damaging potency, anticancer efficacy and tumor selectivity and reduced side reactions than the parent compounds. The future opportunities and challenges in the discovery of combi-molecules were also discussed.
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Santos AJRWA, dos Santos Hackbart HC, Giacomini GX, Bersch P, Paraginski GL, Hörner M. Inorganic and organic structures as interleavers among [ bis (1-methyl-3-( p -carboxylatephenyl)triazenide 1-oxide)Ni(II)] complexes to form supramolecular arrangements. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ghalebsaz-Jeddi N, Vessally E. Vibrational studies, NMR analysis, modeling of electronic and thermodynamical parameters of 1,3-bis(4-benzamido)triazene. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024416070104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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El-Latif Z MA, El-Shenawy AI. An Efficient Synthesis of 1,2,4-triazine-6-one Derivatives and Their in vitro Anticancer Activity. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.188.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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X-ray characterization and in vitro biological evaluation of 1-(4-amidophenyl)-3-(4-acetylphenyl)triazene and the gold(I) triazenide complex {Au(I)[RPhNNNPhR′][PPh3]} [R = (C O)NH2, R′ = (C O)CH3]. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Triazene 1-oxide compounds: Synthesis, characterization and evaluation as fluorescence sensor for biological applications. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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El-Barbary AA, El-Shehawy AA, Abdo NI. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Some 6-Methyl-3-Thioxo-2,3-Dihydro-1,2,4-Triazine Derivatives. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2012.755972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. El-Barbary
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Tanta University , Tanta , 31527 , Egypt
| | - Ashraf A. El-Shehawy
- b Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Kafr El-Sheikh University , Kafr El-Sheikh , 33516 , Egypt
| | - Nabiha I. Abdo
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Tanta University , Tanta , 31527 , Egypt
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Diana P, Stagno A, Barraja P, Carbone A, Parrino B, Dall'Acqua F, Vedaldi D, Salvador A, Brun P, Castagliuolo I, Issinger OG, Cirrincione G. Synthesis of Triazenoazaindoles: a New Class of Triazenes with Antitumor Activity. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1291-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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MacPhee M, Rachid Z, Todorova M, Qiu Q, Belinsky G, Jean-Claude BJ. Characterization of the potency of epidermal growth factor (EGFR)-DNA targeting combi-molecules containing a hydrolabile carbamate at the 3-position of the triazene chain. Invest New Drugs 2010; 29:833-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Katsoulas A, Rachid Z, McNamee JP, Williams C, Jean-Claude BJ. Combi-targeting concept: an optimized single-molecule dual-targeting model for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:1033-43. [PMID: 18483293 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of Bcr-Abl by the inhibitor Imatinib has proven efficacious in the therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). However resistance to the drug emerges at the advanced phases of the disease. Therefore, novel therapy models remained to be designed. We have developed a novel dual targeted agent termed "combi-molecule" designed to not only block Bcr-Abl but also damage DNA. ZRF1, the first optimized prototype of the approach, was "programmed" to degrade into another inhibitor ZRF0 plus a methyl diazonium species. It was approximately 2-fold stronger Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor than Imatinib and a more potent DNA-damaging agent than Temodal. In the p53 wild-type Mo7p210 cells, the potency of ZRF1 was approximately 1,000-fold superior to that of the equieffective combinations of Imatinib plus Temodal. More importantly, its superior potency over Imatinib was more pronounced in Bcr-Abl-positive cells coexpressing wild-type p53. Studies to rationalize these results showed that, through its Bcr-Abl inhibitory function, it down-regulated p53. However, sufficient level of the latter protein was available for transactivating p21 and Bax, which are required for cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The results suggest that, in p53 wild-type cells, apoptosis is induced not only through Bcr-Abl inhibition but also through the p53-controlled DNA-damaging pathway, leading to an additive effect that translates into enhanced cell death. The study conclusively showed that p53 is a major determinant for the cytotoxic advantages of the novel combi-molecular approach in CML, a disease in which 70% to 85% of all the cases express wild-type p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Katsoulas
- Cancer Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, McGill University Health Center/Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine Avenue West, M7.19, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1
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Sliwinski T, Czechowska A, Szemraj J, Morawiec Z, Skorski T, Blasiak J. STI571 reduces NER activity in BCR/ABL-expressing cells. Mutat Res 2008; 654:162-7. [PMID: 18602021 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-excision repair (NER) is the most versatile mechanism of DNA repair, recognizing and dealing with a variety of helix-distorting lesions, such as the UV-induced photoproducts cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine (6-4) photoproducts. We investigated the influence of an anticancer drug, STI571, on the efficacy of NER in removing UV-induced DNA damage. STI571 is used mostly in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and inhibits activity of the BCR/ABL oncogenic tyrosine kinase, which is a hallmark of this disease. NER activity was examined in the BCR/ABL-expressing cell lines K562 and BV173 of myeloid and lymphoid origin, respectively, as well as in CCRF-CEM cells, which do not express BCR/ABL. A murine myeloid parental 32D cell line and its counterpart transfected with the BCR/ABL gene were also tested. NER activity was assessed in the cell extracts by use of an UV-irradiated plasmid as a substrate and by a modified single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay on UV-treated nucleoids. Additionally, quantitative PCR was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the removal of UV-induced lesions from the p53 gene by intact cells. Results obtained from these experiments indicate that STI571 decreases the efficacy of NER in leukemic cells expressing BCR/ABL. Therefore, STI571 may overcome the drug resistance associated with increased DNA repair in BCR/ABL-positive leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Sliwinski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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Rachid Z, Katsoulas A, Williams C, Larroque AL, McNamee J, Jean-Claude BJ. Optimization of novel combi-molecules: Identification of balanced and mixed bcr-abl/DNA targeting properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4248-53. [PMID: 17572088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2007] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Steps toward the identification of combi-molecules with strong abl tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitory property and significant DNA damaging potential are described. The optimized combi-molecule 13a was shown to induce approximately twofold stronger abl TK inhibitory activity than Gleevec and high levels of DNA damage in chronic myelogenous leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Rachid
- Cancer Drug Research Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, McGill University/Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine Avenue West Rm. M-719, Montreal, Que., Canada H3A 1A1
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Current Awareness in Hematological Oncology. Hematol Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Majsterek IJ. The rationale engineering of BCR/ABL blockers: an answer to STI571 acquired resistance in leukemia treatment. Leuk Res 2005; 29:605-6. [PMID: 15863197 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2004.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2004] [Accepted: 11/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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