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Kiani-Zadeh M, Rezvany MR, Namjoo S, Barati M, Mohammadi MH, Ghasemi B, Tabatabaei T, Ghavamzadeh A, Zaker F, Teimoori-Toolabi L. Studying the potential of upregulated PTGS2 and VEGF-C besides hyper-methylation of PTGS2 promoter as biomarkers of Acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7849-7862. [PMID: 35733068 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hereby, we aimed to investigate the expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and Vascular Endothelial Factor-C (VEGF-C) besides the methylation of PTGS2 in AML patients. VEGF-C and PTGS2 expression analysis were evaluated in newly diagnosed AML patients and healthy controls by quantitative Reverse Transcriptase PCR method. Also, PTGS2 methylation status was evaluated by Methylation-Sensitive High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis (MS-HRM). While 34% of patients were female, the mean age of the patients was 43.41 ± 17.60 years suffering mostly from M4 (48.21%) type of AML. Although methylation level between patients and controls was not significantly different, none of the normal controls showed methylation in the PTGS2 promoter. PTGS2 and VEGF-C levels were elevated in AML cases and correlated with WBC, Platelet, and Hemoglobin levels. The survival of patients with overexpressed VEGF-C and PTGS2 was poorer than others. It can be concluded that PTGS2 and especially VEGF-C expression but not PTGS2 methylation can be considered as diagnostic biomarkers for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Kiani-Zadeh
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rezvany
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soodeh Namjoo
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Department of HSCT research center, Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Ghasemi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahere Tabatabaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Zaker
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69th Pasteur Street Kargar Avenue, 1316943551, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Abstract
In contrast to solid cancers, which often require genetic modifications and complex cellular reprogramming for effective metastatic dissemination, leukaemic cells uniquely possess the innate ability for migration and invasion. Dedifferentiated, malignant leukocytes retain the benign leukocytes' capacity for cell motility and survival in the circulation, while acquiring the potential for rapid and uncontrolled cell division. For these reasons, leukaemias, although not traditionally considered as metastatic diseases, are in fact models of highly efficient metastatic spread. Accordingly, they are often aggressive and challenging diseases to treat. In this Perspective, we discuss the key molecular processes that facilitate metastasis in a variety of leukaemic subtypes, the clinical significance of leukaemic invasion into specific tissues and the current pipeline of treatments targeting leukaemia metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Whiteley
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Trevor T Price
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gaia Cantelli
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Dorothy A Sipkins
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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3
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Park S, Kim HJ, Hwang HS, Han AR. Peptides Targeting Fms-Related Tyrosine Kinase-4 Activate the Function of Natural Killer Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:400-409. [PMID: 34158419 PMCID: PMC8611315 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The increased expression for the Fms-related tyrosine kinase-4 (FLT-4, known as VEGFR-3) is relevant to dysfunctional natural killer (NK) cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MAZ51 (M), a VEGFR-3 inhibiting chemical, was effectively restored the function of NK cells via the high expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in NK cells, as shown in our previous study. Although tremendous amount of clinical data using peptides are currently available in real clinic, peptides targeting FLT-4 in modulating immune cells such as NK cells are not fully elucidated. Methods and Results In present study, we developed peptides targeting FLT-4 (P), which is inhibiting an affinity for AML-NK expressing FLT-4 in vitro and in vivo. Bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells (MNCs) from AML patients were treated with combinational cocktails of the three agents including P, M, ara-C (A) and FLT-4 expression and IFN-γ release were examined. In an AML mouse model, IFN-γ expression were examined in T and NK cells from mouse BM, spleen, and liver to address relevance between peptides and immune cell activation. We found that AML-NK cells both in human and mouse samples showed a gradual increase the IFN-γ levels compared to the controls. There was a trend toward a reduction in leukemic blasts in the BM, spleen, and liver from the AML mice, when we compared the effects of combinational treatments. Conclusions Our results suggest that the function of AML-NK cells was synergistically activated by P in combination with M or A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Hwang
- Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - A-Reum Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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4
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Lee SE, Lee JY, Han AR, Hwang HS, Min WS, Kim HJ. Effect of High VEGF-C mRNA Expression on Achievement of Complete Remission in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:567-574. [PMID: 29544089 PMCID: PMC5854918 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) is known to be expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts, the relevance of VEGF-C in the clinical setting remains to be fully explored. We examined the effect of VEGF-C on achievement of complete remission (CR) in adult de novo AML and immune cell population profiles according to VEGF-C mRNA expression. In comparison of VEGF-C expression between the no-CR and CR groups, the CR group showed a trend toward higher levels of plasma VEGF-C (P = .088), whereas mRNA expression of VEGF-C was downregulated (P = .008). Next, patients with continuous data for VEGF-C were divided into two groups (low vs. high) by a ROC curve analysis. The low- versus high-level groups for plasma VEGF-C (RR of 0.20, P = .030), mRNA expression of VEGF-C (RR of 18.75, P = .003), and the ratio of plasma level to mRNA expression (RR of 0.05, P = .007) were potential predictors of CR on univariate analysis. After adjusting for potential clinical factors including genetic group, multivariate analyses revealed that high VEGF-C mRNA expression was an independent risk factor for failure of induction chemotherapy. Furthermore, patients with high VEGF-C mRNA expression had a lower frequency of NKT and CD8+ cells and showed a trend for a lower frequency of NK cells. These results suggest that interruption of VEGF-C signaling might be a potential therapeutic target for antileukemic treatment in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea
| | - A-Reum Han
- Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Hwang
- Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Min
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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5
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Guillem V, Calabuig M, Brunet S, Esteve J, Escoda L, Gallardo D, Ribera JM, Queipo de Llano MP, Arnan M, Pedro C, Amigo ML, Martí-Tutusaus JM, García-Guiñón A, Bargay J, Sampol A, Salamero O, Font L, Talarn C, Hoyos M, Díaz-Beyá M, Garrido A, Navarro B, Nomdédeu J, Sierra J, Tormo M. Bone marrow VEGFC expression is associated with multilineage dysplasia and several prognostic markers in adult acute myeloid leukemia, but not with survival. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:2383-2393. [PMID: 29345176 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1422858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) stimulates leukemia cell proliferation and survival, and promotes angiogenesis. We studied VEGFC expression in bone marrow samples from 353 adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and its relationship with several clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular variables. We also studied the expression of 84 genes involved in VEGF signaling in 24 patients. We found that VEGFC expression was higher in AML patients with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) than in patients with non-AML-MRC. We also found an association between VEGFC expression and the patient cytogenetic risk group, with those with a worse prognosis having higher VEGFC expression levels. No correlation was observed between VEGFC expression and survival or complete remission. VEGFC expression strongly correlated with expression of the VEGF receptors FLT1, KDR, and NRP1. Thus, in this series, VEGFC expression was increased in AML-MRC and in subgroups with a poorer prognosis, but has no impact on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Guillem
- a Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology , Hospital Clínico Universitario INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute , Valencia , Spain
| | - Marisa Calabuig
- a Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology , Hospital Clínico Universitario INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute , Valencia , Spain
| | - Salut Brunet
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau and Jose Carreras Leukemia Research Institutes, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jordi Esteve
- c Department of Hematology , Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Lourdes Escoda
- d Department of Hematology , Hospital Universitari Joan XIII , Tarragona , Spain
| | - David Gallardo
- e Department of Hematology , ICO Girona, Hospital Josep Trueta, IDIBGI Foundation , Girona , Spain
| | - Josep-Maria Ribera
- f Department of Hematology , ICO Badalona - Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , Badalona , Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Arnan
- h Department of Hematology , ICO - Hospital Duran i Reynals , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Carme Pedro
- i Department of Hematology , Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar , Barcelona , Spain
| | - María Luz Amigo
- j Department of Hematology , Hospital Morales Meseguer , Murcia , Spain
| | | | - Antoni García-Guiñón
- l Department of Hematology , Hospital Universitari Arnau de Villanova , Lleida , Spain
| | - Joan Bargay
- m Department of Hematology , Hospital Son Llatzer , Mallorca , Spain
| | - Antonia Sampol
- n Department of Hematology , University Hospital Son Espases, Instituto IDISPA , Palma de Mallorca , Spain
| | - Olga Salamero
- o Department of Hematology , Hospital Vall d'Hebron , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Llorenç Font
- p Department of Hematology , Hospital Verge de la Cinta , Tortosa , Spain
| | - Carme Talarn
- c Department of Hematology , Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Montserrat Hoyos
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau and Jose Carreras Leukemia Research Institutes, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - Marina Díaz-Beyá
- c Department of Hematology , Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ana Garrido
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau and Jose Carreras Leukemia Research Institutes, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - Blanca Navarro
- a Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology , Hospital Clínico Universitario INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute , Valencia , Spain
| | - Josep Nomdédeu
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau and Jose Carreras Leukemia Research Institutes, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jordi Sierra
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau and Jose Carreras Leukemia Research Institutes, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mar Tormo
- a Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology , Hospital Clínico Universitario INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute , Valencia , Spain
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6
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Shahrabi S, Rezaeeyan H, Ahmadzadeh A, Shahjahani M, Saki N. Bone Marrow Blood Vessels: Normal and Neoplastic Niche. Oncol Rev 2016; 10:306. [PMID: 27994770 PMCID: PMC5136754 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2016.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are among the most important factors in the transport of materials such as nutrients and oxygen. This study will review the role of blood vessels in normal bone marrow hematopoiesis as well as pathological conditions like leukemia and metastasis. Relevant literature was identified by a Pubmed search (1992-2016) of English-language papers using the terms bone marrow, leukemia, metastasis, and vessel. Given that blood vessels are conduits for the transfer of nutrients, they create a favorable situation for cancer cells and cause their growth and development. On the other hand, blood vessels protect leukemia cells against chemotherapy drugs. Finally, it may be concluded that the vessels are an important factor in the development of malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Shahrabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hadi Rezaeeyan
- Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadzadeh
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahjahani
- Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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7
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Shirzad R, Shahrabi S, Ahmadzadeh A, Kampen KR, Shahjahani M, Saki N. Signaling and molecular basis of bone marrow niche angiogenesis in leukemia. Clin Transl Oncol 2016; 18:957-71. [PMID: 26742939 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process of blood vessel formation, is necessary for tissue survival in normal and pathologic conditions. Increased angiogenesis in BM niche is correlated with leukemia progression and resistance to treatment. Angiogenesis can interfere with disease progression and several angiogenic (such as vascular growth factors) as well as anti-angiogenic factors (i.e. angiostatin) can affect angiogenesis. Furthermore, miRs can affect the angiogenic process by inhibiting angiogenesis or increasing the expression of growth factors. Given the importance of angiogenesis in BM for maintenance of leukemic clones, recognition of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors and miRs as well as drug resistance mechanisms of leukemic blasts can improve the therapeutic strategies. We highlight the changes in angiogenic balance within the BM niche in different leukemia types. Moreover, we explored the pathways leading to drug resistance in relation to angiogenesis and attempted to assign interesting candidates for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shirzad
- Health Research Institute, Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - S Shahrabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - A Ahmadzadeh
- Health Research Institute, Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - K R Kampen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Shahjahani
- Health Research Institute, Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - N Saki
- Health Research Institute, Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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8
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Endothelial cell derived angiocrine support of acute myeloid leukemia targeted by receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition. Leuk Res 2015; 39:984-9. [PMID: 26189107 PMCID: PMC9234949 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), refractory disease is a major challenge and the leukemia microenvironment may harbor refractory disease. Human AML cell lines KG-1 and HL-60 expressed receptors also found on endothelial cells (ECs) such as VEGFRs, PDGFRs, and cKit. When human AML cells were co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and primary bone marrow endothelial cell (BMECs), the AML cells were more resistant to cytarabine chemotherapy, even in transwell co-culture suggesting angiocrine regulation. Primary BMECs secreted significantly increased levels of VEGF-A and PDGF-AB after exposure to cytarabine. Pazopanib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (RTKI) of VEGFRs, PDGFRs, and cKit, removed EC protection of AML cells and enhanced AML cell sensitivity to cytarabine. Xenograft modeling showed significant regression of AML cells and abrogation of BM hypervascularity in RTKI treated cohorts. Together, these results show direct cytotoxicity of RTKIs on AML cells and reversal of EC protection. Combining RTKIs with chemotherapy may serve as promising therapeutic strategy for patients with AML.
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9
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Cogle CR, Bosse RC, Brewer T, Migdady Y, Shirzad R, Kampen KR, Saki N. Acute myeloid leukemia in the vascular niche. Cancer Lett 2015; 380:552-560. [PMID: 25963886 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The greatest challenge in treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is refractory disease. With approximately 60-80% of AML patients dying of relapsed disease, there is an urgent need to define and target mechanisms of drug resistance. Unfortunately, targeting cell-intrinsic resistance has failed to improve clinical outcomes in AML. Emerging data show that cell-extrinsic factors in the bone marrow microenvironment protect and support AML cells. The vascular niche, in particular, regulates AML cell survival and cell cycling by both paracrine secretion and adhesive contact with endothelial cells. Moreover, AML cells can functionally integrate within vascular endothelia, undergo quiescence, and resist cytotoxic chemotherapy. Together, these findings support the notion of blood vessels as sanctuary sites for AML. Therefore, vascular targeting agents may serve to remit AML. Several early phase clinical trials have tested anti-angiogenic agents, leukemia mobilizing agents, and vascular disrupting agents in AML patients. In general, these agents can be safely administered to AML patients and cardiovascular side effects were reported. Response rates to vascular targeting agents in AML have been modest; however, a majority of vascular targeting trials in AML are monotherapy in design and indiscriminate in patient recruitment. When considering the chemosensitizing effects of targeting the microenvironment, there is a strong rationale to build upon these early phase clinical trials and initiate phase IB/II trials of combination therapy where vascular targeting agents are positioned as priming agents for cytotoxic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Cogle
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Raphael C Bosse
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Takae Brewer
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yazan Migdady
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Reza Shirzad
- Health research institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kim Rosalie Kampen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Health research institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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10
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(Lymph)angiogenic influences on hematopoietic cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Mol Med 2014; 46:e122. [PMID: 25412683 PMCID: PMC4262793 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the effect of (lymph)angiogenic cytokines on hematopoietic cells involved in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Like angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis occurs in pathophysiological conditions but not in healthy adults. AML is closely associated with the vasculature system, and the interplay between lymphangiogenic cytokines maintains leukemic blast survival in the bone marrow (BM). Once AML is induced, proangiogenic cytokines function as angiogenic or lymphangiogenic factors and affect hematopoietic cells, including BM-derived immune cells. Simultaneously, the representative cytokines, VEGFs and their receptors are expressed on AML blasts in vascular and osteoblast niches in both the BM and the peripheral circulation. After exposure to (lymph)angiogenic cytokines in leukemogenesis and infiltration, immune cell phenotypes and functions are affected. These dynamic behaviors in the BM reflect the clinical features of AML. In this review, we note the importance of lymphangiogenic factors and their receptors in hematopoietic cells in AML. Understanding the functional characterization of (lymph)angiogenic factors in the BM niche in AML will also be helpful in interrupting the engraftment of leukemic stem cells and for enhancing immune cell function by modulating the tumor microenvironment.
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11
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Aliparasti MR, Almasi S, Sanaat Z, Movasaghpoor A, Khalili-Dizaji R, Sadeghi-Bazargani H. Gene Expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Iranian Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Turk J Haematol 2014; 30:137-43. [PMID: 24385776 PMCID: PMC3878457 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2011.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The crucial role of angiogenesis in the pathophysiology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been proposed. One of the key regulators of angiogenesis is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Among the VEGF family, it has been observed that VEGF-A and VEGF-C are expressed by AML cells and mediate leukemic cell proliferation, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy. Emerging evidence, however, suggests that elevated levels of VEGF or a proangiogenic phenotype may impede, rather than promote, early tumor development and progression. As the significance of VEGF-A and VEGF-C levels in the pathogenesis of AML has not been clarified well, the aim of this study is to evaluate gene expression of these angiogenesis promoters and its possible prognostic value in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Iranian patients with AML. Materials and Methods: We investigated the mRNA expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 27 patients with newly diagnosed AML and 28 healthy controls by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Expression of VEGF-C mRNA was significantly lower in AML patients than in healthy controls (p<0.001). However, there was no significant decrement in expression of VEGF-A mRNA of AML patients compared to the control group (p=0.861). VEGF-A and VEGF-C expression were not able to predict clinical outcome. Conclusion: Our data showed that AML is associated with a decreased expression of VEGF-C mRNA. However, expression levels did not influence the clinical outcome in our study. It seems that angiogenesis is affected by different cytokines other than VEGF-C or VEGF-A, and VEGF is also affected by different cytokines. Taken together, these findings help to provide new insights into the investigation of other angiogenic factors and cytokines that may play roles in the pathogenesis of AML. Conflict of interest:None declared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Aliparasti
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shohreh Almasi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sanaat
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Movasaghpoor
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Khalili-Dizaji
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Health & Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Haouas
- Department of Biological and Chemical EngineeringNational Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
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13
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Hua KT, Lee WJ, Yang SF, Chen CK, Hsiao M, Ku CC, Wei LH, Kuo ML, Chien MH. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C modulates proliferation and chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemic cells through an endothelin-1-dependent induction of cyclooxygenase-2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:387-97. [PMID: 24184161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
High-level expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C is associated with chemoresistance and adverse prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our previous study has found that VEGF-C induces cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in AML cell lines and significant correlation of VEGF-C and COX-2 in bone marrow specimens. COX-2 has been reported to mediate the proliferation and drug resistance in several solid tumors. Herein, we demonstrated that the VEGF-C-induced proliferation of AML cells is effectively abolished by the depletion or inhibition of COX-2. The expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) rapidly increased following treatment with VEGF-C. We found that ET-1 was also involved in the VEGF-C-mediated proliferation of AML cells, and that recombinant ET-1 induced COX-2 mRNA and protein expressions in AML cells. Treatment with the endothelin receptor A (ETRA) antagonist, BQ 123, or ET-1 shRNAs inhibited VEGF-C-induced COX-2 expression. Flow cytometry and immunoblotting revealed that VEGF-C induces S phase accumulation through the inhibition of p27 and the upregulation of cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase-2 expressions. The cell-cycle-related effects of VEGF-C were reversed by the depletion of COX-2 or ET-1. The depletion of COX-2 or ET-1 also suppressed VEGF-C-induced increases in the bcl-2/bax ratio and chemoresistance against etoposide and cytosine arabinoside in AML cells. We also demonstrated VEGF-C/ET-1/COX-2 axis-mediated chemoresistance in an AML xenograft mouse model. Our findings suggest that VEGF-C induces COX-2-mediated resistance to chemotherapy through the induction of ET-1 expression. Acting as a key regulator in the VEGF-C/COX-2 axis, ET-1 represents a potential target for ameliorating resistance to chemotherapy in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Tai Hua
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Ku
- Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Hung Wei
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Liang Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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Ribatti D. Angiogenesis as a treatment target in leukemia. Int J Hematol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/ijh.13.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The importance of angiogenesis in the growth and survival of leukemia has been well established and confirmed by several studies. In the last 20 years, several antiangiogenic agents have been used in preclinical and clinical studies of the treatment of leukemia. This review article summarizes the literature focusing on the relationship between angiogenesis and disease progression, and the advantages and limits of the antiangiogenic treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, & Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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15
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Kampen KR, Ter Elst A, de Bont ESJM. Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:1307-17. [PMID: 22833169 PMCID: PMC11113417 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is designed to provide an overview of the current literature concerning vascular endothelial growth factor signaling (VEGF) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Aberrant VEGF signaling operates in the bone marrow of AML patients and is related to a poor prognosis. The altered signaling pathway demonstrated to interfere in several autocrine and paracrine signaling pathways. VEGF signaling promotes autocrine AML blast cell proliferation, survival, and chemotherapy resistance. In addition, VEGF signaling can mediate paracrine vascular endothelial cell-controlled angiogenesis in AML. Both effects presumably explain the association of high VEGF levels and poor therapeutic outcome. More recently, researches focusing on bone marrow stem cell niches demonstrate a role for VEGF signaling in the preservation of several cell types within these niches. The bone marrow niches are proposed to be a protective microenvironment for AML cells that could be responsible for relapses in AML patients. This implies the need of sophisticated VEGF-targeted therapeutics in AML therapy strategies. This review highlights our current understanding of aberrant VEGF signaling in AML, appoints the interference of VEGF signaling in the AML-associated microenvironment, and reflects the novelty of current VEGF-targeted therapeutics used in clinical trails for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim R Kampen
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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16
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Paesler J, Gehrke I, Poll-Wolbeck SJ, Kreuzer KA. Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor in hematologic malignancies. Eur J Haematol 2012; 89:373-84. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Paesler
- Department I of Internal Medicine I; University at Cologne; Cologne; Germany
| | - Iris Gehrke
- Department I of Internal Medicine I; University at Cologne; Cologne; Germany
| | | | - Karl-Anton Kreuzer
- Department I of Internal Medicine I; University at Cologne; Cologne; Germany
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17
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Shirasaki R, Tashiro H, Oka Y, Sugao T, Yamamoto T, Yoshimi M, Akiyama N, Kawasugi K, Shirafuji N. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C and its receptor type-3 expressed in acute lymphocytic leukemia cases with t(1;19). Int J Hematol 2011; 94:203-208. [PMID: 21732038 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-011-0889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C system was analyzed in two cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) with TCF3/PBX1 fusion to determine whether the VEGF-C system influences the growth of these ALL blasts. Bone marrow non-adherent mononuclear cells were prepared from the patients, and expressions of VEGFs and VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) were analyzed based on RNA and protein levels. Cell proliferation was also assayed with or without neutralizing antibodies to VEGFs. The patients' leukemic blasts expressed a significant amount of VEGF-C and VEGFR type-3. When anti-VEGF-C antibody was added to the blast cell cultures, cell proliferation was suppressed. These observations indicate that, in our ALL cases with TCF3/PBX1 fusion, VEGF-C autocrine stimulation plays an important role in the proliferation of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Shirasaki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Haruko Tashiro
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Yoko Oka
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sugao
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yoshimi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Nobu Akiyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kawasugi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Naoki Shirafuji
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan.
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18
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Deeb G, Vaughan MM, McInnis I, Ford LA, Sait SNJ, Starostik P, Wetzler M, Mashtare T, Wang ES. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α protein expression is associated with poor survival in normal karyotype adult acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2010; 35:579-84. [PMID: 21176961 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We examined the predictive impact of HIF-1α protein expression on clinical outcome of 84 normal karyotype acute myeloid leukemia (NK-AML) patients (median age 66.5 years) at our institute. Thirty percent of NK-AML cells expressed cytoplasmic HIF-1α. In univariate analysis, low HIF-1α (≤ 5%, n = 66) was associated with improved event-free survival (p = 0.0453, HR = 0.22). Multivariate analysis incorporating age, complete remission, FLT3-ITD mutation, and marrow blast percentage demonstrated that HIF-1α was independently associated with poorer overall and event-free survival. HIF-1α expression correlated with VEGF-C but not VEGF-A, marrow angiogenesis, FLT3 ITD or NPM1 mutations. These results support HIF-1α as an outcome marker for NK-AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Deeb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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19
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Dincaslan HU, Yavuz G, Unal E, Tacyildiz N, Ikinciogullari A, Dogu F, Guloglu D, Yuksek N, Ertem U. Does serum soluble vascular endothelial growth factor levels have different importance in pediatric acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma patients? Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2010; 27:503-16. [PMID: 20677920 DOI: 10.3109/08880018.2010.493574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) seems to play a central role in angiogenesis-lymphangiogenesis in hematological malignancies. There are limited data related to childhood hematologic malignancies. The aim of the study was to evaluate soluble VEGF (sVEGF) levels in children with acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma (ML) at diagnosis and in remission. The levels of serum sVEGF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 20 children with acute leukemia, 33 children with different histopathological subtypes of ML, and 20 healthy controls. The levels of sVEGF at diagnosis (range 2 -1040 pg/mL; median 52 pg/mL) was significantly lower than in remission (range 136 -1960 pg/mL; median 630 pg/mL) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) group (P = .018). The sVEGF levels at diagnosis (range: 2 -640 pg/mL; median 89 pg/mL) was significantly lower compared to remission values (range: 116 -1960 pg/mL; median 136 pg/mL) in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (P = .002). In ML group, including Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), sVEGF levels at diagnosis were higher than remission levels, but there was no statistically significant difference (P >.05). On the other hand, there were significant difference between levels in active disease and control group, ie, BL versus control, T-cell NHL versus control, and HL versus control (P = .008, P = .043, P = .007, respectively). The authors noticed that sVEGF levels showed distinct behavioral pattern in different childhood malignancies at diagnosis and in remission. In acute leukemia and ML patients, VEGF acts through different pathophysiological mechanisms, in both bone marrow (BM) angiogenesis and lymphoid tissue lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Ugur Dincaslan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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20
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High VEGFC expression is associated with unique gene expression profiles and predicts adverse prognosis in pediatric and adult acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2010; 116:1747-54. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-03-270991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
High VEGFC mRNA expression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts is related to increased in vitro and in vivo drug resistance. Prognostic significance of VEGFC on long-term outcome and its associated gene expression profiles remain to be defined. We studied effect of VEGFC on treatment outcome and investigated gene expression profiles associated with VEGFC using microarray data of 525 adult and 100 pediatric patients with AML. High VEGFC expression appeared strongly associated with reduced complete remission rate (P = .004), reduced overall and event-free survival (OS and EFS) in adult AML (P = .002 and P < .001, respectively). Multivariable analysis established high VEGFC as prognostic indicator independent of cytogenetic risk, FLT3-ITD, NPM1, CEBPA, age, and white blood cell count (P = .038 for OS; P = .006 for EFS). Also, in pediatric AML high VEGFC was related to reduced OS (P = .041). A unique series of differentially expressed genes was identified that distinguished AML with high VEGFC from AML with low VEGFC, that is, 331 up-regulated genes (representative of proliferation, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor activity, signal transduction) and 44 down-regulated genes (eg, related to apoptosis) consistent with a role in enhanced chemoresistance. In conclusion, high VEGFC predicts adverse long-term prognosis and provides prognostic information in addition to well-known prognostic factors.
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21
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Chien MH, Kuo ML, Wei LH. Re: Cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2 and acute myeloid leukemia. Carcinogenesis 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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22
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An open-label, Phase I study of cediranib (RECENTIN™) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2010; 34:196-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Chien MH, Ku CC, Johansson G, Chen MW, Hsiao M, Su JL, Inoue H, Hua KT, Wei LH, Kuo ML. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) promotes angiogenesis by induction of COX-2 in leukemic cells via the VEGF-R3/JNK/AP-1 pathway. Carcinogenesis 2010; 30:2005-13. [PMID: 19825968 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C is recognized as a tumor lymphangiogenic factor based on the effects of activated VEGF-R3 on lymphatic endothelial cells. Many tumor cells express VEGF-R3 but the function of this receptor in tumor cells is largely unknown. It has been reported that the VEGF-C/VEGF-R3 axis is activated in subsets of leukemia patients. Herein, we have shown that VEGF-C induces angiogenic activity in the tube formation assay invitro and Matrigel plug assay in vivo by upregulating an angiogenic factor, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), through VEGF-R3 in the human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line, THP-1. COX-2 induction by VEGF-C was also observed in other VEGF-R3(+) human AML cell lines (U937 and HL60). Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis of bone marrow specimens of 37 patients diagnosed with AML revealed that VEGF-C expression in specimens was associated with the expression of COX-2 (P < 0.001). The manner by which signaling pathways transduced by VEGF-C is responsible for COX-2 upregulation was further investigated. Blocking the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway with the MAPK kinase inhibitor, PD 98059, failed to inhibit VEGF-C-mediated COX-2 expression. However, VEGF-C-induced COX-2 upregulation was effectively abolished by overexpression of dominant-negative c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or treatment with the JNK inhibitor, SP 600125. VEGF-C induced JNK-dependent nuclear translocation of c-Jun. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays revealed that VEGF-C enhanced c-Jun binding to the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-response element of the COX-2 promoter and induced COX-2 expression. In sum, the data herein highlight the pathogenic role of VEGF-C in leukemia via regulation of angiogenesis through upregulation of COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Chien
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Toxicology, Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine and Angiogenesis Research Center, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei 10016, Taiwan
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24
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Ribatti D. Lymphangiogenesis in haematological malignancies. Leuk Res 2009; 33:753-5. [PMID: 19157548 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare, Bari, Italy.
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25
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Serum Levels of Angiogenic Factors and their Prognostic Relevance in Bladder Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2008; 15:193-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-008-9107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Angiopoietin-2 predicts disease-free survival after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with high-risk myeloid malignancies. Blood 2008; 112:2139-48. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-12-130021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Emerging data suggest a critical role for bone marrow angiogenesis in hematologic malignancies. The angiopoietin/Tie ligand-receptor system is an essential regulator of this process. We evaluated whether circulating angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is a predictor for the probability of disease-free survival (DFS) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for high-risk acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. Ang-2 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum from 20 healthy controls and 90 patients with acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome before conditioning for HSCT. Circulating Ang-2 was elevated in patients (median, 2.21 ng/mL; range, 0.18-48.84 ng/mL) compared with controls (median, 0.87 ng/mL; range, 0.27-4.51 ng/mL; P < .001). Multivariate analyses confirmed the independent prognostic impact of Ang-2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-4.76, P = .005), percentage of bone marrow infiltration (HR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.29, P = .033), and chemotherapy cycles before HSCT (HR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08, P = .048). Regression tree analysis detected optimal cutoff values for Ang-2 and recursively identified bone marrow blasts and Ang-2 as the best predictors for DFS. Because few predictors for DFS exist in the setting of allo-HSCT, Ang-2 may be used as a readily available powerful biomarker to pre-estimate DFS and may open new perspectives for risk-adapted treatment of high-risk myeloid malignancies.
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