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Marchwicka A, Nowak U, Grembowska A, Jakuszak A, Poręba P, Marcinkowska E. Overexpressed fibroblast growth factor receptors increase 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-dependent differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 224:106173. [PMID: 36031072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many malignancies are driven by mutations within the gene for fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1). Previously, we have shown that signal transduction from the FOP2-FGFR1 fusion protein in acute myeloid leukemia KG1 cells is responsible for a low level of expression of the vitamin D receptor gene. In this paper, we address whether other fibroblast growth factor receptors regulate the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. We used the human myeloid leukemia U937 and HL60 cells, the bone cancer cell line U2OS, and cell transfection methods to answer the question. For myeloid leukemia cells, overexpression of FGFRs 1-3 genes caused a shift towards monocytic differentiation; this was extracellular regulated kinase (Erk) 1,2-dependent. Overexpression of FGFRs 1-3 genes also upregulated expression of the VDR gene, further sensitizing these cells to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-induced monocyte differentiation. When we increased expression in bone cells, fibroblast growth factor receptors did not upregulate VDR gene expression, nor influence the activity of VDR. Fibroblast growth factor receptors are overexpressed in many neoplasms. Therefore, it may be reasonable to use vitamin D analogs to treat these cancers, to activate VDR and drive cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Marchwicka
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Nowak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Grembowska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jakuszak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Poręba
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Vitamin D Derivatives in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The Matter of Selecting the Right Targets. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142851. [PMID: 35889808 PMCID: PMC9320351 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive and often fatal hematopoietic malignancy. A very attractive way to treat myeloid leukemia, called “differentiation therapy”, was proposed when in vitro studies showed that some compounds are capable of inducing differentiation of AML cell lines. One of the differentiation-inducing agents, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), which can induce granulocytic differentiation in AML cell lines, has been introduced into clinics to treat patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in which a PML-RARA fusion protein is generated by a chromosomal translocation. ATRA has greatly improved the treatment of APL. Since 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) is capable of inducing monocytic differentiation of leukemic cells, the idea of treating other AMLs with vitamin D analogs was widely accepted. However, early clinical trials in which cancer patients were treated either with 1,25D or with analogs did not lead to conclusive results. Recent results have shown that AML types with certain mutations, such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations, may be the right targets for differentiation therapy using 1,25D, due to upregulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) pathway.
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Gleba JJ, Kłopotowska D, Banach J, Turlej E, Mielko KA, Gębura K, Bogunia-Kubik K, Kutner A, Wietrzyk J. Polymorphism of VDR Gene and the Sensitivity of Human Leukemia and Lymphoma Cells to Active Forms of Vitamin D. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020387. [PMID: 35053549 PMCID: PMC8774213 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Developing new therapeutic strategies is necessary for leukemias and lymphomas treatment. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the use of an active form of vitamin D3 calcitriol and its analog tacalcitol as an anticancer drug. Most of all, selecting the molecular factor responsible for the cell’s sensitivity to the tested agents. A biomarker that could be use in the future to select patients for therapy and improve survival outcomes. We examined nine cell lines and evaluated the proteins involved in the biological activity of calcitriol and tacalcitol: the classical vitamin D receptor and 1,25D3-MARRS, as well as polymorphism in the VDR gene receptor. Results showed that VDR polymorphism may predispose to response to calcitriol and tacalcitol anticancer therapy. Abstract The active forms of vitamin D3 (calcitriol and tacalcitol) coupled to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are known to exhibit anti-cancer properties. However, not all cancer cells are sensitive to the active forms of vitamin D3 and its analogs. The study aimed to determine whether polymorphism of VDR is responsible for the sensitivity of human leukemia and lymphoma cells to calcitriol and tacalcitol. The impact of calcitriol and tacalcitol on the proliferation and morphology of nine different leukemia and lymphoma cell lines was determined. Only MV-4-11, Thp-1, and HL-60 cell lines sensitive to proliferation inhibition by calcitriol and tacalcitol showed morphology changes. Subsequently, the levels of the VDR and 1,25D3-MARRS proteins of calcitriol and tacalcitol binding receptors and the VDR receptor polymorphism in human leukemia and lymphoma cells were ascertained. Contrary to the current understanding, higher levels of VDR are not responsible for the greater sensitivity of cells to calcitriol and tacalcitol. Importantly, we first showed that sensitivity to calcitriol and tacalcitol in leukemias and lymphomas could be determined by the VDR polymorphism. The FokI polymorphism and the presence of the “bat” haplotype were observed only in the sensitive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Joanna Gleba
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53–114 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (J.B.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-904-207-2571
| | - Dagmara Kłopotowska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53–114 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (J.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Joanna Banach
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53–114 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (J.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Eliza Turlej
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53–114 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (J.B.); (J.W.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27 B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Karolina Anna Mielko
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53–114 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (J.B.); (J.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Gębura
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53–114 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.G.); (K.B.-K.)
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53–114 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.G.); (K.B.-K.)
| | - Andrzej Kutner
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53–114 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (J.B.); (J.W.)
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Ex vivo drug screening defines novel drug sensitivity patterns for informing personalized therapy in myeloid neoplasms. Blood Adv 2021; 4:2768-2778. [PMID: 32569379 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine approaches such as ex vivo drug sensitivity screening (DSS) are appealing to inform rational drug selection in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and acute myeloid leukemia, given their marked biologic heterogeneity. We evaluated a novel, fully automated ex vivo DSS platform that uses high-throughput flow cytometry in 54 patients with newly diagnosed or treatment-refractory myeloid neoplasms to evaluate sensitivity (blast cytotoxicity and differentiation) to 74 US Food and Drug Administration-approved or investigational drugs and 36 drug combinations. After piloting the platform in 33 patients, we conducted a prospective feasibility study enrolling 21 patients refractory to hypomethylating agents (HMAs) to determine whether this assay could be performed within a clinically actionable time frame and could accurately predict clinical responses in vivo. When assayed for cytotoxicity, ex vivo drug sensitivity patterns were heterogeneous, but they defined distinct patient clusters with differential sensitivity to HMAs, anthracyclines, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and kinase inhibitors (P < .001 among clusters) and demonstrated synergy between HMAs and venetoclax (P < .01 for combinations vs single agents). In our feasibility study, ex vivo DSS results were available at a median of 15 days after bone marrow biopsy, and they informed personalized therapy, which frequently included venetoclax combinations, kinase inhibitors, differentiative agents, and androgens. In 21 patients with available ex vivo and in vivo clinical response data, the DSS platform had a positive predictive value of 0.92, negative predictive value of 0.82, and overall accuracy of 0.85. These data demonstrate the utility of this approach for identifying potentially useful and often novel therapeutic drugs for patients with myeloid neoplasms refractory to standard therapies.
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Investigating the Role of Methylation in Silencing of VDR Gene Expression in Normal Cells during Hematopoiesis and in Their Leukemic Counterparts. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091991. [PMID: 32872475 PMCID: PMC7563846 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is present in multiple types of blood cells, and its ligand, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), is important for the proper functioning of the immune system. Activity of VDR is higher in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells than in fully differentiated blood cells of mice and humans. In some human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts, the expression of the VDR gene is also high. The mechanism of silencing the VDR gene expression during differentiation of blood cells has been addressed in this work. (2) Methods: The cells have been obtained using fluorescence activated sorting from murine tissues and from human umbilical cord blood (UCB). Then, the expression of the VDR gene and transcriptional activity of the VDR protein has been tested in real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Eventually, the methylation of VDR promoter regions was tested using bisulfite sequencing. (3) Results: The CpG islands in VDR promoters were not methylated in the cells studied both in mice and in humans. The use of hypomethylating agents had no effect toward expression of human VDR transcripts, but it increased expression of the VDR-target gene, CYP24A1. (4) Conclusions: The expression of the VDR gene and transcriptional activity of the VDR protein varies at successive stages of hematopoietic differentiation in humans and mice, and in blasts from AML patients. The experiments presented in this case indicate that methylation of the promoter region of the VDR gene is not the major mechanism responsible for these differences.
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Pezeshki SMS, Asnafi AA, Khosravi A, Shahjahani M, Azizidoost S, Shahrabi S. Vitamin D and its receptor polymorphisms: New possible prognostic biomarkers in leukemias. Oncol Rev 2018; 12:366. [PMID: 30405894 PMCID: PMC6199555 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2018.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several factors such as chromosomal translocations, gene mutations, and polymorphisms are involved in the pathogenesis of leukemia/lymphoma. Recently, the role of vitamin D (VD) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms in hematologic malignancies has been considered. In this review, we examine the possible role of VD levels, as well as VDR polymorphisms as prognostic biomarkers in leukemia/lymphoma. Relevant English language literature were searched and retrieved from Google Scholar search engine (1985-2017). The following keywords were used: vitamin D, vitamin D receptor, leukemia, lymphoma, and polymorphism. Increased serum levels of VD in patients with leukemia are associated with a better prognosis. However, low VD levels are associated with a poor prognosis, and VDR polymorphisms in various leukemias can have prognostic value. VD biomarker can be regarded as a potential prognostic factor for a number of leukemias, including acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). There is a significant relationship between different polymorphisms of VDR (including Taq I and Fok I) with several leukemia types such as ALL and AML, which may have prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Pezeshki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Amin Asnafi
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abbas Khosravi
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahjahani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shirin Azizidoost
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeid Shahrabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Regulation of Expression of CEBP Genes by Variably Expressed Vitamin D Receptor and Retinoic Acid Receptor α in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071918. [PMID: 29966306 PMCID: PMC6073189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) are potent inducers of differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells. During myeloid differentiation specific transcription factors are expressed at crucial developmental stages. However, precise mechanism controlling the diversification of myeloid progenitors is largely unknown, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) transcription factors have been characterized as key regulators of the development and function of the myeloid system. Past data point at functional redundancy among C/EBP family members during myeloid differentiation. In this study, we show that in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, high expression of vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) is needed for strong and sustained upregulation of CEBPB gene, while the moderate expression of VDR is sufficient for upregulation of CEBPD in response to 1,25D. The high expression level of the gene encoding for retinoic acid receptor α (RARA) allows for high and sustained expression of CEBPB, which becomes decreased along with a decrease of RARA expression. Expression of CEBPB induced by ATRA is accompanied by upregulated expression of CEBPE with similar kinetics. Our results suggest that CEBPB is the major VDR and RARA-responsive gene among the CEBP family, necessary for expression of genes connected with myeloid functions.
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The human nucleophosmin 1 mutation A inhibits myeloid differentiation of leukemia cells by modulating miR-10b. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71477-71490. [PMID: 27669739 PMCID: PMC5342094 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) gene are the most frequent genetic alteration in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we showed that enforced expression of NPM1 mutation type A (NPM1-mA) inhibits myeloid differentiation of leukemia cells, whereas knockdown of NPM1-mA has the opposite effect. Our analyses of normal karyotype AML samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset revealed that miR-10b is commonly overexpressed in NPM1-mutated AMLs. We also found high expression of miR-10b in primary NPM1-mutated AML blasts and NPM1-mA positive OCI-AML3 cells. In addition, NPM1-mA knockdown enhanced myeloid differentiation, while induced expression of miR-10b reversed this effect. Finally, we showed that KLF4 is downregulated in NPM1-mutated AMLs. These results demonstrated that miR-10b exerts its effects by repressing the translation of KLF4 and that NPM1-mA inhibits myeloid differentiation through the miR-10b/KLF4 axis. This sheds new light on the effect of NPM1 mutations' on leukemogenesis.
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Janik S, Nowak U, Łaszkiewicz A, Satyr A, Majkowski M, Marchwicka A, Śnieżewski Ł, Berkowska K, Gabryś M, Cebrat M, Marcinkowska E. Diverse Regulation of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and ATRA in Murine and Human Blood Cells at Early Stages of Their Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28635660 PMCID: PMC5486144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is present in multiple blood cells, and the hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system. The role of retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) in hematopoiesis is very important, as the fusion of RARα gene with PML gene initiates acute promyelocytic leukemia where differentiation of the myeloid lineage is blocked, followed by an uncontrolled proliferation of leukemic blasts. RARα takes part in regulation of VDR transcription, and unliganded RARα acts as a transcriptional repressor to VDR gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. This is why we decided to examine the effects of the combination of 1,25D and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on VDR gene expression in normal human and murine blood cells at various steps of their development. We tested the expression of VDR and regulation of this gene in response to 1,25D or ATRA, as well as transcriptional activities of nuclear receptors VDR and RARs in human and murine blood cells. We discovered that regulation of VDR expression in humans is different from in mice. In human blood cells at early stages of their differentiation ATRA, but not 1,25D, upregulates the expression of VDR. In contrast, in murine blood cells 1,25D, but not ATRA, upregulates the expression of VDR. VDR and RAR receptors are present and transcriptionally active in blood cells of both species, especially at early steps of blood development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Janik
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Urszula Nowak
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Łaszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anastasiia Satyr
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Michał Majkowski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Marchwicka
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Śnieżewski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Berkowska
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marian Gabryś
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wrocław Medical University, Chałubińskiego 3, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Cebrat
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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Marcinkowska E, Wallace GR, Brown G. The Use of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ as an Anticancer Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E729. [PMID: 27187375 PMCID: PMC4881551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion that vitamin D can influence the incidence of cancer arose from epidemiological studies. The major source of vitamin D in the organism is skin production upon exposure to ultra violet-B. The very first observation of an inverse correlation between exposure of individuals to the sun and the likelihood of cancer was reported as early as 1941. In 1980, Garland and Garland hypothesised, from findings from epidemiological studies of patients in the US with colon cancer, that vitamin D produced in response to sun exposure is protective against cancer as opposed to sunlight per se. Later studies revealed inverse correlations between sun exposure and the occurrence of prostate and breast cancers. These observations prompted laboratory investigation of whether or not vitamin D had an effect on cancer cells. Vitamin D is not active against cancer cells, but the most active metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1,25D) has profound biological effects. Here, we review the anticancer action of 1,25D, clinical trials of 1,25D to date and the prospects of the future therapeutic use of new and low calcaemic analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Marcinkowska
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Graham R Wallace
- Institute of Inflammation and Aging, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Geoffrey Brown
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Marchwicka A, Corcoran A, Berkowska K, Marcinkowska E. Restored expression of vitamin D receptor and sensitivity to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in response to disrupted fusion FOP2-FGFR1 gene in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:7. [PMID: 26839680 PMCID: PMC4735962 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells can be induced to undergo terminal differentiation with subsequent loss of tumorigenicity using 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) alone or in combination with hematopoietic cytokines. KG1 cells are resistant to 1,25D-induced cell differentiation. These cells have the aberrant signal transduction resulting from a constitutively active fusion protein FOP2-FGFR1, a constitutively active STAT1 and a high level of interferon (IFN) stimulated genes (ISGs). Methods In this paper we report that in KG1 cells with constitutively activated protein FOP2-FGFR1 delivery of plasmid DNA disrupted FOP2-FGFR1 fusion gene. Results As a consequence, STAT1 signal transduction pathway became switched off, the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene was increased and sensitivity to 1,25D-induced differentiation was restored. The activation of ISGs in KG1 cells resulted in resistance to externally added IFNs, and also this effect was reversed in cells with disrupted FOP2-FGFR1 fusion gene. Discussion In this paper we have documented for the first time a link between constitutively active STAT1 signal transduction pathway, high level of ISGs and low expression of VDR gene. Conclusions We show in this paper that delivery of plasmid DNA to the cells may disrupt fusion gene FOP2-FGFR1 which occurs in a disease entity called 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome. Inhibition of the FOP2-FGFR1 signal transduction pathway restored sensitivity of the cells to 1,25D-induced cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Marchwicka
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aoife Corcoran
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Berkowska
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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12
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Gocek E, Studzinski GP. The Potential of Vitamin D-Regulated Intracellular Signaling Pathways as Targets for Myeloid Leukemia Therapy. J Clin Med 2015; 4:504-34. [PMID: 26239344 PMCID: PMC4470153 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current standard regimens for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are curative in less than half of patients; therefore, there is a great need for innovative new approaches to this problem. One approach is to target new treatments to the pathways that are instrumental to cell growth and survival with drugs that are less harmful to normal cells than to neoplastic cells. In this review, we focus on the MAPK family of signaling pathways and those that are known to, or potentially can, interact with MAPKs, such as PI3K/AKT/FOXO and JAK/STAT. We exemplify the recent studies in this field with specific relevance to vitamin D and its derivatives, since they have featured prominently in recent scientific literature as having anti-cancer properties. Since microRNAs also are known to be regulated by activated vitamin D, this is also briefly discussed here, as are the implications of the emerging acquisition of transcriptosome data and potentiation of the biological effects of vitamin D by other compounds. While there are ongoing clinical trials of various compounds that affect signaling pathways, more studies are needed to establish the clinical utility of vitamin D in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Gocek
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
| | - George P Studzinski
- Department of Pathology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Ave., Newark, NJ 17101, USA.
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Marchwicka A, Cebrat M, Sampath P, Snieżewski L, Marcinkowska E. Perspectives of differentiation therapies of acute myeloid leukemia: the search for the molecular basis of patients' variable responses to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d and vitamin d analogs. Front Oncol 2014; 4:125. [PMID: 24904835 PMCID: PMC4034350 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of differentiation therapy of cancer is ~40 years old. Despite many encouraging results obtained in laboratories, both in vitro and in vivo studies, the only really successful clinical application of differentiation therapy was all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-based therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). ATRA, which induces granulocytic differentiation of APL leukemic blasts, has revolutionized the therapy of this disease by converting it from a fatal to a curable one. However, ATRA does not work for other acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). Since 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) is capable of inducing monocytic differentiation of leukemic cells, the idea of treating other AMLs with vitamin D analogs (VDAs) was widely accepted. Also, some types of solid cancers responded to in vitro applied VDAs, and hence it was postulated that VDAs can be used in many clinical applications. However, early clinical trials in which cancer patients were treated either with 1,25D or with VDAs, did not lead to conclusive results. In order to search for a molecular basis of such unpredictable responses of AML patients toward VDAs, we performed ex vivo experiments using patient’s blast cells. Experiments were also performed using 1,25D-responsive and 1,25D-non-responsive cell lines, to study their mechanisms of resistance toward 1,25D-induced differentiation. We found that one of the possible reasons might be due to a very low expression level of vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA in resistant cells, which can be increased by exposing the cells to ATRA. Our considerations concerning the molecular mechanism behind the low VDR expression and its regulation by ATRA are reported in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Cebrat
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Preetha Sampath
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Lukasz Snieżewski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
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Bolla NR, Marcinkowska E, Brown G, Kutner A. Retiferols - synthesis and biological activity of a conceptually novel class of vitamin D analogs. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 24:633-46. [PMID: 24654573 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.898061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hypothesis that retiferols are a novel class of vitamin D analogs with therapeutic potential has been recently proved. The CD-ring of vitamin D, originated from a steroid precursor, is not necessary for biological activity. The retiferol, disubstituted at C-13, was bound to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of vitamin D receptor (VDR) just like the vitamin D hormone [1,25-(OH)2D3]. This finding opens the way for retiferols as a novel class of vitamin D therapeutics. AREAS COVERED This review presents the concept of retiferols and their structure evolution. Medicinal chemistry and therapeutic perspective of retiferols are reviewed showing how these vitamin D analogs became a source of potential therapeutics. EXPERT OPINION Docking experiments and molecular modeling have shown that positioning of vitamin D analog at the LBD of VDR is not disturbed by deletion of a large portion of the vitamin D, exactly as hypothesized. Twenty years of structural modifications have shown that removal of the CD-ring fragment and regioselective methylation results in an almost complete loss of the undesired calcemic activity of retiferol while gaining the agonistic activity comparable to that of 1,25-(OH)2D3.
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15
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Baurska H, Kiełbiński M, Biecek P, Haus O, Jaźwiec B, Kutner A, Marcinkowska E. Monocytic differentiation induced by side-chain modified analogs of vitamin D in ex vivo cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2014; 38:638-47. [PMID: 24703772 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation-inducing potential of side-chain modified analogs of vitamins D, compared to the reference compound, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, was studied in blast cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia and in cell lines. Analogs PRI-1906 and PRI-1907 showed increased cell-differentiation activities, PRI-1907 even at a very low concentration. Our study revealed a high variability of individual patients' blasts in their susceptibility to vitamin D analogs. The blasts of the patients with normal karyotype and with mutated NPM1 reacted to analogs with stronger differentiation than the blasts of the remaining patients, while the blasts with mutated FLT3 receptor reacted with weaker differentiation than the remaining blasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Baurska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Kiełbiński
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wrocław Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Przemysław Biecek
- Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Olga Haus
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Skłodowska-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Bożena Jaźwiec
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wrocław Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kutner
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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16
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Gocek E, Marchwicka A, Bujko K, Marcinkowska E. NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase is regulated by all-trans retinoic acid and by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human acute myeloid leukemia cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91752. [PMID: 24642534 PMCID: PMC3958372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines can be driven to differentiate to monocyte-like cells by 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) and to granulocyte-like cells by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Both compounds activate their specific intracellular receptors, vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoic acid receptors (RARs) respectively. Inside the cells 1,25D is degraded to calcitrioic acid by a mitochondrial enzyme CYP24A1, while ATRA is degraded to several polar metabolites by CYP26. NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is a membrane-bound enzyme required for electron transfer to cytochrome P450 (CYP), vital in the processes of the metabolism of drugs and steroid production in humans. In this paper we report that POR in AML cells, from both cell lines and patients, is upregulated by ATRA and by 1,25D at the level of mRNA and protein. Partial silencing of POR in HL60 cells resulted in augmented differentiation response to 1,25D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Gocek
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Kamila Bujko
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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17
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Lee HJ, Muindi JR, Tan W, Hu Q, Wang D, Liu S, Wilding GE, Ford LA, Sait SNJ, Block AW, Adjei AA, Barcos M, Griffiths EA, Thompson JE, Wang ES, Johnson CS, Trump DL, Wetzler M. Low 25(OH) vitamin D3 levels are associated with adverse outcome in newly diagnosed, intensively treated adult acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer 2013; 120:521-9. [PMID: 24166051 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested that low 25(OH) vitamin D3 levels may be prognostic in some malignancies, but no studies have evaluated their impact on treatment outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS Vitamin D levels were evaluated in 97 consecutive, newly diagnosed, intensively treated patients with AML. MicroRNA expression profiles and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 25(OH) vitamin D3 pathway genes were evaluated and correlated with 25(OH) vitamin D3 levels and treatment outcome. RESULTS Thirty-four patients (35%) had normal 25(OH) vitamin D3 levels (32-100 ng/mL), 34 patients (35%) had insufficient levels (20-31.9 ng/mL), and 29 patients (30%) had deficient levels (<20 ng/mL). Insufficient/deficient 25(OH) vitamin D3 levels were associated with worse relapse-free survival (RFS) compared with normal vitamin D3 levels. In multivariate analyses, deficient 25(OH) vitamin D3 , smoking, European Leukemia Network genetic group, and white blood cell count retained their statistical significance for RFS. Several microRNAs and SNPs were associated with 25(OH) vitamin D3 levels, although none remained significant after multiple test corrections; one 25(OH) vitamin D3 receptor SNP, rs10783219, was associated with a lower complete remission rate (P = .0442) and with shorter RFS (P = .0058) and overall survival (P = .0011). CONCLUSIONS It remains to be determined what role microRNA and SNP profiles play in contributing to low 25(OH) vitamin D3 level and/or outcome and whether supplementation will improve outcomes for patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun Ju Lee
- Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York
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18
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Pietraszek A, Malińska M, Chodyński M, Krupa M, Krajewski K, Cmoch P, Woźniak K, Kutner A. Synthesis and crystallographic study of 1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol analogs. Steroids 2013; 78:1003-14. [PMID: 23811018 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hybrid analogs of 1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol (PRI-5201 and PRI-5202) were synthesized as potential anticancer agents using a convergent strategy. The analogs were designed by combining a 19-nor modification of the A-ring with the homologated and rigidified ergocalciferol-like side-chain of the previously obtained analogs PRI-1906 and PRI-1907. The strategy also allowed the novel efficient synthesis of 19-nor-1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol (paricalcitol, PRI-5100) and its (24R)-diastereomer (PRI-5101). The single crystal X-ray structures of the 19-nor analogs (PRI-5100 and PRI-5101) were solved and refined. The A-ring of both analogs adopts exclusively chair β-conformation in the solid state. The side-chain of these analogs is coplanar with the CD-ring plane, while it is perpendicular in 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.
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19
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Gocek E, Marchwicka A, Baurska H, Chrobak A, Marcinkowska E. Opposite regulation of vitamin D receptor by ATRA in AML cells susceptible and resistant to vitamin D-induced differentiation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 132:220-6. [PMID: 22789609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Some leukemic cell lines can be driven to differentiate to monocyte-like cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25D) and to granulocyte-like cells by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Acute myloid leukemias (AMLs) are heterogeneous blood malignancies characterized by a block at various stages of hematopoietic differentiation and there are more than 200 known chromosome translocations and mutations in leukemic cells of patients diagnosed with AML. Because of the multiplicity in the genetic lesions causing the disease, AMLs are particularly difficult to treat successfully. In particular, various AML cells to a variable degree respond to 1,25D-based differentiation and only one type of AML undergoes successfully ATRA-based differentiation therapy. In this paper we describe that AML cell line KG-1 is resistant to 1,25D-induced monocytic differentiation, while sensitive to ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation. We show that KG-1 cells have very low level of VDR protein and that expression of VDR mRNA is upregulated by ATRA. We show for the first time that this regulation is cell context-specific, because in another AML cell line, HL60, VDR mRNA is downregulated by ATRA. ATRA-induced VDR protein in cytosol of KG-1 cells can be further activated by 1,25D to induce monocytic differentiation of these cells.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cytosol/drug effects
- Cytosol/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism
- Steroid Hydroxylases/genetics
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives
- Vitamin D/metabolism
- Vitamin D/pharmacology
- Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Gocek
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Tamka 2, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland
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20
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Regulation of Leukemic Cell Differentiation through the Vitamin D Receptor at the Levels of Intracellular Signal Transduction, Gene Transcription, and Protein Trafficking and Stability. LEUKEMIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:713243. [PMID: 23213549 PMCID: PMC3505923 DOI: 10.1155/2012/713243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D) exerts its biological activities through vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is a member of the superfamily of steroid receptors, that act as ligand-dependent transcription factors. Ligated VDR in complex with retinoid X receptor (RXR) binds to regulatory regions of 1,25(OH)2D-target genes. 1,25(OH)2D is able to induce differentiation of leukemic blasts towards macrophage-like cells. Many different acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines respond to 1,25(OH)2D by increasing CD14 cell surface receptor, some additionally upregulate CD11b and CD11c integrins. In untreated AML cells VDR protein is present in cytosol at a very low level, even though its mRNA is continuously expressed. Ligation of VDR causes protein stabilization and translocation to the cell nuclei, where it regulates transcription of target genes. Several important groups of genes are regulated by 1,25(OH)2D in HL60 cells. These genes include differentiation-related genes involved in macrophage function, as well as a gene regulating degradation of 1,25(OH)2D, namely CYP24A1. We summarize here the data which demonstrate that though some cellular responses to 1,25(OH)2D in AML cells are transcription-dependent, there are many others which depend on intracellular signal transduction, protein trafficking and stabilization. The final effect of 1,25(OH)2D action in leukemic cells requires all these acting together.
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21
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Brown G, Hughes PJ. A role for caspase inhibitors in differentiation therapy of myeloid leukaemia. Leuk Res 2012; 36:808-10. [PMID: 22534101 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Gocek E, Wang X, Liu X, Liu CG, Studzinski GP. MicroRNA-32 upregulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human myeloid leukemia cells leads to Bim targeting and inhibition of AraC-induced apoptosis. Cancer Res 2011; 71:6230-9. [PMID: 21816906 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25D) used to treat human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells induces features of normal monocytes, but the mechanisms underlying this response are not fully understood. We hypothesized that one or more microRNAs (miRNA) known to control mouse hematopoiesis and lineage commitment might contribute to the ability of 1,25D to control the malignant phenotype. Here we report that 1,25D markedly induces expression of miR-32 in human myeloid leukemia cells, in which it targets the 3'-untranslated region of the mRNA encoding the proapoptotic factor Bim to reduce its expression. RNAi-mediated suppression of the miRNA-processing enzymes Drosha and Dicer increased Bim levels, in support of the concept that Bim is under miRNA control in AML cells. Antisense-mediated suppression of miR-32 was sufficient to upregulate Bim expression in AML cells. Conversely, ectopic expression of miR-32 downregulated Bim expression and increased the differentiation response to 1,25D treatment in a manner that was associated with increased cell survival. The positive effects of miR-32 on cell survival were confirmed by evidence of increased cell death in AML cells preexposed to antisense miR-32 before treatment with arabinocytosine, a chemotherapeutic drug used to treat human AML. Together, our findings indicate that miR-32 blockade is sufficient to elevate Bim expression and sensitize AML cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Thus, agents which can inhibit miR-32 expression may offer clinical utility by enhancing therapeutic efficacy in human AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Gocek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UMD-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA
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23
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Baurska H, Klopot A, Kielbinski M, Chrobak A, Wijas E, Kutner A, Marcinkowska E. Structure-function analysis of vitamin D(2) analogs as potential inducers of leukemia differentiation and inhibitors of prostate cancer proliferation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 126:46-54. [PMID: 21550403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We characterized a structure-function relationships of four analogs of vitamin D(2) with extended and branched side-chains. We tested their ability to induce differentiation of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells both in vitro and ex vivo. Our experiments on five human cell lines revealed substantial differences among tested analogs. Analogs with side-chains extended by one (PRI-1906) or two carbon units (PRI-1907) displayed similar or elevated cell-differentiating activity in comparison to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25D), whereas further extending side-chain resulted in substantially lower biological activity (PRI-1908 and PRI-1909). Similar pattern of cell-differentiating activities to that observed in human cell lines has also been shown in blast cells isolated from patients diagnosed with AML. The ability of the analogs to activate expression of CYP24A1 gene has been studied in HL60 cell line. The analog PRI-1906 activated expression of CYP24A1 similarly to 1,25D, while PRI-1907 weaker than 1,25D. In addition, the analogs PRI-1906 and PRI-1907 were able to moderately inhibit proliferation and significantly activate expression of CYP24A1 mRNA in prostate cancer cells PC-3. Finally, we examined the molecular actions triggered by these analogs and found that their biological activity was related to their ability to induce expression and nuclear translocation of VDR and C/EBPβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Baurska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Tamka, Poland
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24
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Gocek E, Marcinkowska E. Differentiation therapy of acute myeloid leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:2402-20. [PMID: 24212816 PMCID: PMC3757424 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3022402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a predominant acute leukemia among adults, characterized by accumulation of malignantly transformed immature myeloid precursors. A very attractive way to treat myeloid leukemia, which is now called 'differentiation therapy', was proposed as in vitro studies have shown that a variety of agents stimulate differentiation of the cell lines isolated from leukemic patients. One of the differentiation-inducing agents, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), which can induce granulocytic differentiation in myeloid leukemic cell lines, has been introduced into clinics to treat patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in which a PML-RARA fusion protein is generated by a t(15;17)(q22;q12) chromosomal translocation. Because differentiation therapy using ATRA has significantly improved prognosis for patients with APL, many efforts have been made to find alternative differentiating agents. Since 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) is capable of inducing in vitro monocyte/macrophage differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells, clinical trials have been performed to estimate its potential to treat patients with AML or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Unfortunately therapeutic concentrations of 1,25D can induce potentially fatal systemic hypercalcemia, thus limiting clinical utility of that compound. Attempts to overcome this problem have focused on the synthesis of 1,25D analogs (VDAs) which retain differentiation inducing potential, but lack its hypercalcemic effects. This review aims to discuss current problems and potential solutions in differentiation therapy of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Gocek
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul Tamka 2, Wroclaw 50-137, Poland; E-Mail: (E.G.)
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul Tamka 2, Wroclaw 50-137, Poland; E-Mail: (E.G.)
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25
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Musgrove EA, Sutherland RL. RB in breast cancer: differential effects in estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative disease. Cell Cycle 2011; 9:4607. [PMID: 21260944 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.23.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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26
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Wang X, Gocek E, Novik V, Harrison JS, Danilenko M, Studzinski GP. Inhibition of Cot1/Tlp2 oncogene in AML cells reduces ERK5 activation and up-regulates p27Kip1 concomitant with enhancement of differentiation and cell cycle arrest induced by silibinin and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3). Cell Cycle 2010; 9:4542-51. [PMID: 21084834 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.22.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a disease characterized by dysregulated cell proliferation associated with impaired cell differentiation, and current treatment regimens rarely save the patient. Thus, new mechanism-based approaches are needed to improve prognosis of this disease. We have investigated in preclinical studies the potential anti-leukemia use of the plant-derived polyphenol Silibinin (SIL) in combination with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D). Although most of the leukemic blasts ex vivo responded by differentiation to treatment with this combination, the reasons for the absence of SIL-1,25D synergy in some cases were unclear. Here we report that failure of SIL to enhance the action of 1,25D is likely due to the SIL-induced increase in the activity of differentiation-antagonizing cell components, such as ERK5. This kinase is under the control of Cot1/Tlp2, and inhibition of Cot1 activity by a specific pharmacological inhibitor 4-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenylamino)-6-(pyridin-3-yl-methylamino-3-cyano-[1-7]-naphthyridine, or by Cot1 siRNA, increases the differentiation by SIL/1,25D combinations. Conversely, over-expression of a Cot1 construct increases the cellular levels of P-ERK5, and SIL/1,25D-induced differentiation and cell cycle arrest are diminished. It appears that reduction in ERK5 activity by inhibition of Cot1 allows SIL to augment the expression of 1,25D-induced differentiation promoting factors and cell cycle regulators such as p27 (Kip1) , which leads to cell cycle arrest. This study shows that in some cell contexts SIL/1,25D can promote expression of both differentiation-promoting and differentiation-inhibiting genes, and that the latter can be neutralized by a highly specific pharmacological inhibitor, suggesting a potential for supplementing treatment of AML with this combination of agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry New Jersey, Newark, USA
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