1
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Tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide enhances NK-92MI mediated cellular immunotherapy in all-trans retinoic acid-resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:1231-1243. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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2
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An Experimental Study Reveals the Protective Effect of Autophagy against Realgar-Induced Liver Injury via Suppressing ROS-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105697. [PMID: 35628508 PMCID: PMC9145910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Realgar, a poisonous traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to cause liver injury when used for long periods or overdoses. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study is to explore the role of autophagy in sub-chronic realgar exposure-induced liver injury. Here, the liver injury model was established by continuously administrating mice with 1.35 g/kg realgar for 8 weeks. 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and rapamycin (RAPA) were used to regulate autophagy. The results showed that realgar induced abnormal changes in liver function, pathological morphology, expression of inflammatory cytokines, and upregulated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in mouse livers. RAPA treatment (an inducer of autophagy) significantly improved realgar-induced liver injury and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while 3-MA (an inhibitor of autophagy) aggravated the realgar-induced liver injury and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, we found that realgar-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mouse livers is mediated by ROS. RAPA eliminates excessive ROS, inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation and down-regulates the TXNIP/NLRP3 axis, consequently suppressing ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which may be the underlying mechanism of the protective effect of autophagy on realgar-induced liver injury. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that autophagy alleviates realgar-induced liver injury by inhibiting ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Autophagy may represent a therapeutic target in modulating realgar-induced liver injury.
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Wang J, Ding L, Zhou J, Ma H, Wu Y, Wang J, Lv X, Liu S, Wang H, Yan Y, Luo N, Li Q, Xu H, Di L, Wu Q, Duan J. Target lipidomics approach to reveal the resolution of inflammation induced by Chinese medicine combination in Liu-Shen-Wan against realgar overexposure to rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112171. [PMID: 31442622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liu-Shen-Wan (LSW) is one of the popular over-the-counter drugs in Asia, which contains realgar (As4S4), used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract inflammation and skin infections. However, the safety and potential risk of this arsenic remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to determine total arsenic in tissue and investigate effects of regular dose and overdose LSW exposure on rat liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a target lipidomics approach to quantify inflammatory eicosanoids and employed ICP-MS to determine total arsenic in tissue. RESULTS The results showed that oral administration of 8 and 40 mg/kg LSW (1 and 5 fold human-equivalent dose) induced light changes of liver lipidomic profile in rats, which was associated with anti-inflammatory function of LSW. In our recent report, we observed that 41 and 134 mg/kg realgar (40 and 132 fold human-equivalent dose) stimulated rat liver inflammation through up-regulation of pro-inflammatory LOX-derived, CYP-derived HETEs and COX-derived PGs. However, we found that LSW in the form of drug combination, containing 41 and 134 mg/kg realger, could not stimulate these similar inflammatory responses in rats, although the liver total arsenic levels of the realger and LSW groups were same. CONCLUSION The downregulation of pro-inflammatory response showed that the LSW containing realger is safer than realger alone administrated to rats. These results suggested that Chinese medicines combination could reduce realgar-derived arsenic toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lanfang Ding
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hongyue Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiang Lv
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengjin Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengbin Wang
- Leiyunshang Pharmaceutical Company. Ltd, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yanqing Yan
- Leiyunshang Pharmaceutical Company. Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Niancui Luo
- Leiyunshang Pharmaceutical Company. Ltd, Suzhou, China.
| | - Quan Li
- Leiyunshang Pharmaceutical Company. Ltd, Suzhou, China.
| | - Huiqin Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liuqing Di
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of Highly Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), Nanjing, China.
| | - Qinan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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4
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Zhao Y, Mu Z, Cai L, Liu X, Jia J, Zhang J. Tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide ameliorates lupus syndromes by inhibiting IL-17 producing double negative T cells. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e12849. [PMID: 30707471 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of uncertain etiology that affects multiple tissues and organs. Tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide (As4 S4 ), a traditional Chinese medicine, is effective on acute promyelocytic leukemia with mild side effects. In our previous study, BXSB lupus-prone mice treated with As4 S4 has showed improved monocytosis, decreased serum interleukin (IL)-6 and suppressed skin, liver and renal lesions with well-tolerance. In this study, we explored the effect and mechanism of As4 S4 on the MRL/lpr mice. MRL/lpr and wild MRL/MpJ mice were divided into control and As4 S4 treatment groups and dosed with As4 S4 or placebo for 8 weeks. We found that As4 S4 prevented the skin, renal and lung lesions of MRL/lpr mice. As4 S4 significantly decreased the double negative T (DN T) cells and reduced the serum levels of IL-17, IL-10, and antinuclear antibodies titer. Further results revealed that the FasL was decreased, and activated caspases elevated in DN T cells in As4 S4 treated MRL/lpr mice. Taken together, As4 S4 could selectively suppresses DN T cells by inducing apoptosis. It also reduced inflammatory cytokines IL-17, which may be produced by DN T cells. As4 S4 may represent a new therapy for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanglei Mu
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Jia
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, He PC, Liu YF, Qi J, Zhang M. Construction of SET overexpression vector and its effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of 293T cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4329-34. [PMID: 27035430 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of SET nuclear proto‑oncogene (SET) is commonly associated with cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. In the present study, a eukaryotic SET expression plasmid (pEGFP‑N1‑SET) was constructed and transiently transfected into 293T human embryonic kidney cells. Transfection led to expression of the SET oncoprotein at high levels, as indicated by polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. In addition, the relative mRNA and protein expression of protein phosphatase 2A in pEGFP‑N1‑SET‑transfected 293T cells was downregulated compared with that in empty vector‑transfected cells. Furthermore, overexpression of SET increased the percentage of 293T cells in S and G2/M phases compared with the control transfectants. An increase in B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and a decrease in Bcl‑2‑associated X (Bax) protein expression was observed in the pEGFP‑N1‑SET‑transfected cells compared with that in the controls, and their susceptibility to As4S4‑induced apoptosis was decreased. The protein SET is involved in a number of cellular processes, including DNA replication, chromatin remodeling, gene transcription, differentiation, migration and cell cycle regulation. SET is overexpressed in several neoplasms, particularly in acute myeloid leukemia. The findings of the present study suggested that the SET gene may contribute to tumorigenesis and may be a potential novel effective therapeutic target for leukemia and other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Cheng He
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Feng Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jun Qi
- Institute of Xi'an Blood Bank, Shaanxi Blood Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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6
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Zhang L, Kim S, Ding W, Tong Y, Zhang X, Pan M, Chen S. Arsenic sulfide inhibits cell migration and invasion of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:5579-90. [PMID: 26487802 PMCID: PMC4607060 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s89805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that arsenic sulfide (As4S4) induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several human solid tumor cell lines, including those of gastric cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of As4S4 on the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The human gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MGC803 were selected as in vitro models. Wound-healing migration assay and Transwell invasion assay were carried out to determine the effects of As4S4 on cell migration and invasion. The expressions of E-cadherin, β-catenin, Sp1, KLF4, and VEGF were measured by Western blotting analysis. The activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in MGC803 cells were demonstrated by zymography assay. A mouse xenograft model was established by inoculation with MGC803 cells, then intraperitoneal injected with As4S4 for 3 weeks and monitored for body weight and tumor changes. Finally, the inhibition rate of tumor growth was calculated, and the expression of proteins and genes associated with tumor invasion and metastasis in tumor tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS As4S4 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell lines. The expression of E-cadherin and KLF4 was upregulated, while the expressions of β-catenin, VEGF, and Sp1 were downregulated following treatment with As4S4. Moreover, the protease activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were suppressed by As4S4 in MGC803 cells. Meanwhile, As4S4 effectively suppressed the abilities of tumor growth and invasion in the xenograft tumor model. We found that As4S4 upregulated the expression of E-cadherin and downregulated the expression of β-catenin, Sp1, VEGF, and CD34 in mouse tumor tissues, consistent with the results in vitro. CONCLUSION As4S4 inhibited the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by blocking tumor cell adhesion, decreasing the ability of tumor cells to destroy the basement membrane, and therefore suppressing their angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sungkyoung Kim
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenping Ding
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Tong
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minggui Pan
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Wang Y, Wang H, Li H, Sun H. Metallomic and metalloproteomic strategies in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of metallodrugs. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:437-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02814g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the mechanistic studies of metallodrugs by metallomic and metalloproteomic approaches will improve our understanding of the mechanism of action and allow more metallodrugs to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hongzhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
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8
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Zhang L, Tian W, Kim S, Ding W, Tong Y, Chen S. Arsenic sulfide, the main component of realgar, a traditional Chinese medicine, induces apoptosis of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 9:79-92. [PMID: 25565771 PMCID: PMC4274045 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s74379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arsenic sulfide (As4S4), the main component of realgar, a traditional Chinese medicine, has shown antitumor efficacy in several tumor types, especially for acute promyelocytic leukemia. In this study, we aimed to explore the efficacy and mechanism of As4S4 in gastric cancer. Methods The effect of As4S4 on cell proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells was investigated by MTT assay, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and annexin V–fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining using gastric cancer cell lines AGS (harboring wild-type p53) and MGC803 (harboring mutant p53) in vitro. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was measured by Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry analysis. Mouse xenograft models were established by inoculation with MGC803 cells, and the morphology and the proportion of apoptotic cells in tumor tissues were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. Results As4S4 inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of AGS and MGC803 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. As4S4 upregulated the expression of Bax and MDM2 while downregulated the expression of Bcl-2. The expression of p53 increased significantly in the AGS cells but did not readily increase in the MGC803 cells, which harbored mutant p53. Pifithrin-α, a p53 inhibitor, blocked the modulation of As4S4 on AGS cells, but not on MGC803 cells. Using xenograft as a model, we showed that As4S4 suppressed tumor growth and induced apoptosis in vivo and that the expression of p53 increased accordingly. Conclusion As4S4 is a potent cytotoxic agent for gastric cancer cells, as it induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo through a p53-dependent pathway. Our data indicate that As4S4 may have therapeutic potential in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Department of Oncology, Central Hospital of Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sungkyoung Kim
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenping Ding
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Tong
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, He P, Liu F, Zhou N, Cheng X, Shi L, Zhu H, Zhao J, Wang Y, Zhang M. Tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide (As4S 4) promotes apoptosis in retinoid acid -resistant human acute promyelocytic leukemic NB4-R1 cells through downregulation of SET protein. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:3421-30. [PMID: 24430359 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide (As4S4) is an arsenic compound with antitumor activity, especially in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) that are resistant to retinoic acid (RA). Although recent studies have revealed that the therapeutic action of As4S4 is closely associated with the induction of cellular apoptosis, the exact molecular mechanism underlying this action in RA-resistant APL remains to be clarified. In this study, we found that As4S4-induced apoptosis was accompanied by reduced mRNA and protein expression of SET gene in RA-resistant NB4-R1 cells. Moreover, RNAi knockdown of SET gene further promoted As4S4-induced apoptosis, while SET overexpression recovered the cell viability, suggesting that As4S4 induces apoptosis through the reduction of SET protein in NB4-R1 cells. We also observed that the knockdown of SET gene resulted in the upregulation of protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) expression and the downregulation of promyelocytic leukemia and retinoic acid receptor α fusion gene (PML-RARα) expression, which were enhanced by As4S4 treatments. By contrast, overexpression of SET gene resulted in PP2A downregulation and PML-RARα upregulation, which were abolished by As4S4 pretreatment. Since PP2A is a proapoptotic factor and PML-RARα is an antiapoptotic factor, our results suggest that As4S4-induced apoptosis in RA-resistant NB4-R1 cells is through the downregulation of SET protein expression, which, in turn, increases PP2A and reduces PML-RARα expressions to lead to cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710061
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10
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Zhao Y, Wen G, Qiao Z, Xu H, Sun Q, Huang H, Shan S, Mu Z, Zhang J. Effects of tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide on BXSB lupus-prone mice: a pilot study. Lupus 2014; 22:469-76. [PMID: 23554035 DOI: 10.1177/0961203313478302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of uncertain etiology that affects multiple tissues and organs. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been used in lupus-prone mice with a regulatory effect on immune abnormality. Tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide (As4S4), a traditional Chinese medicine, is effective on acute promyelocytic leukemia with mild side effects than ATO. In this study, a pilot study was performed to investigate the effects and the mechanism of As4S4 on the lupus-prone BXSB mice. Improvement of monocytosis (p<0.05) in spleen and decreased serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p=0.0277) were observed with As4S4 treatment. As4S4-treated mice exhibited amelioration of skin, liver and renal disease with mild side effects. Histological analysis revealed that As4S4 suppressed immune complex deposition, mesangial proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration in kidney and liver. Our study support that As4S4 selectively suppresses cutaneous lupus and nephritis in BXSB mice and might be a potential treatment for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, China
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11
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Tian Y, Liu Y, He P, Liu F, Zhou N, Cheng X, Shi L, Zhu H, Zhao J, Wang Y, Zhang M. Arsenic sulfide promotes apoptosis in retinoid acid resistant human acute promyelocytic leukemic NB4-R1 cells through downregulation of SET protein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83184. [PMID: 24454695 PMCID: PMC3890287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide (As4S4) is an arsenic compound with anti-tumor activity, especially in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) that are resistant to retinoic acid (RA). Although recent studies revealed that the therapeutic action of As4S4 is closely associated with the induction of cellular apoptosis, the exact molecular mechanism of action of As4S4 in RA-resistant APL remains to be clarified. In this study, we found that As4S4-induced apoptosis was accompanied by reduced mRNA and protein expression of SET gene in RA-resistant NB4-R1 cells. Moreover, RNAi knockdown of SET gene further promoted As4S4-induced apoptosis, while SET over-expression inhibited it, suggesting that As4S4 induces apoptosis through the reduction of SET protein in NB4-R1 cells. We also demonstrated that the knockdown of SET gene resulted in the upregulation of protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) expression and the downregulation of promyelocytic leukemia and retinoic acid receptor α fusion gene (PML-RARα) expression, which were enhanced by As4S4 treatments. By contrast, over-expression of SET gene resulted in PP2A downregulation and PML-RARα upregulation, which were abolished by As4S4 pretreatment. Since PP2A is a pro-apoptotic factor and PMLRARα is an anti-apoptotic factor, our results suggest that As4S4-induced apoptosis in NB4-R1 cells is through the downregulation of SET protein expression, which in turn increases PP2A and reduces PML-RARα expressions to lead to cell apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Arsenicals/pharmacology
- Arsenicals/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Shape/drug effects
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Histone Chaperones/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion
- Protein Phosphatase 2/metabolism
- Proteome/metabolism
- Proteomics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Retinoids/pharmacology
- Retinoids/therapeutic use
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Sulfides/pharmacology
- Sulfides/therapeutic use
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwang Tian
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Beijing Military Area of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengcheng He
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (PH); (MZ)
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Naicen Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huachao Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (PH); (MZ)
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An insecticidal protein from Xenorhabdus ehlersii stimulates the innate immune response in Galleria mellonella. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 29:1705-11. [PMID: 23529358 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The bacteria Xenorhabdus spp. are entomopathogenic symbionts that can produce several toxic proteins that interfere with the immune system of insects. Recently, we purified the insecticidal protein XeGroEL from Xenorhabdus ehlersii and discovered that injection of XeGroEL into larvae of Galleria mellonella triggers strong immune responses. In this study, we determined the level of induction of several immune-responsive proteins that were secreted into the hemolymph using comparative proteomic analyses of hemolymph proteins from XeGroEL-challenged larvae. Additionally, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analyses demonstrated increased transcriptional rates of immune-related genes at 5 h post-challenge with purified XeGroEL. Our results help to understand anti-microbial immune responses in G. mellonella, suggesting that the immune system recognizes exogenous proteins and pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
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Liu Y, He P, Zhang M, Shi L, Zhu H, Wang Y, Zhao J. Silencing of the human SET gene in vitro with lentivirus-mediated RNA interference. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:843-7. [PMID: 23338687 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, SET was identified as one of the differentially expressed proteins that was associated with tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide (As4S4)-induced NB4-R1 [retinoic acid-resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell line] apoptosis. However, the mechanism through which SET regulates pathways during this process remains unclear. The aim of this study was to construct lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against SET and investigate the effect of SET on As4S4-induced retinoic acid-resistant APL cell apoptosis. In the present study, 4 different oligonucleotides targeting the human SET gene were synthesized and cloned into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pGCSIL-GFP. The recombinant vectors were introduced into NB4-R1 cells. The silencing efficiency was measured by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Our results showed that the 4 recombinant RNA interference (RNAi) vectors were constructed successfully. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that infection efficiency ranged from 70 to 90%. Infection with the 4 different RNAi vectors significantly knocked down the expression of SET by 52.8, 69.1, 48.9 and 90.3% at the mRNA level, and 92.5, 96.3, 91.7 and 98.4% at the protein level, respectively. We attempt to clarify the mechanism of As4S4 treatment on retinoic acid-resistant APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
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Mancini I, Defant A. Bioactive Poly(Arsenic) Compounds. BIOMEDICAL INORGANIC POLYMERS 2013; 54:175-95. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-41004-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Liu Y, He P, Zhang M, Wu D. Lentiviral vector-mediated RNA interference targeted against prohibitin inhibits apoptosis of the retinoic acid-resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line NB4-R1. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:1288-92. [PMID: 23023919 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the possibility of prohibitin (PHB) inhibition by lentiviral vector-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) and its influence on cell apoptosis in the retinoic acid-resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line NB4-R1, a lentiviral vector encoding a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeted against PHB (pGCSIL-GFP-PHB) was constructed and transfected into the packaging cells 293T, and the viral supernatant was collected to transfect NB4-R1 cells. Quantitative real-time fluorescent PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of PHB. Flow cytometry and detection of enzymatic activity of caspase-3 by western blotting were employed to examine cell apoptosis. Our results provide evidence that the lentiviral vector pGCSIL-GFP-PHB was constructed successfully, and the PHB mRNA and the protein expression inhibitory rates were 90.3 and 95.8%, respectively. When compared to the control group, the activity of caspase-3 decreased significantly, which showed a 57.3% downregulation, and the apoptosis rate was reduced by 44.6% (P<0.05). In conclusion, downregulation of the PHB gene may inhibit apoptosis of NB4-R1 cells, and it is speculated that this was at least partly due to the downregulation of caspase-3, and PHB may be a novel target for gene therapy for retinoic acid-resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Electrochemical biosensor for detection of PML/RARα fusion gene based on eriochrome cyanine R film modified glassy carbon electrode. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Shi H, Zeng H, Yang X, Zhao J, Chen M, Qiu D. An insecticidal protein from Xenorhabdus ehlersii triggers prophenoloxidase activation and hemocyte decrease in Galleria mellonella. Curr Microbiol 2012; 64:604-10. [PMID: 22477033 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The bacteria Xenorhabdus spp. are entomopathogenic symbionts that can produce several toxic proteins that interfere the immune system of insects. We purified an insecticidal protein from Xenorhabdus ehlersii, and designated it as XeGroEL with an estimated molecular mass of ~58 kDa. Galleria mellonella larva injected with XeGroEL presented prophenoloxidase activation and hemocyte decrease. XeGroEL can kill G. mellonella larva in 48 h with an LD(50) of 0.76 ± 0.08 μg/larva. Our results demonstrate that X. ehlersii possesses a toxic XeGroEL protein acting as a potential factor to activate proPO in host insect, which also provides a meaningful hypothesis to understand the interaction between nematode-symbiotic bacteria and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaixing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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An YL, Nie F, Wang ZY, Zhang DS. Preparation and characterization of realgar nanoparticles and their inhibitory effect on rat glioma cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:3187-94. [PMID: 22238507 PMCID: PMC3254263 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s26237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Our objective was to prepare a new nano-sized realgar particle and characterize its anti-tumor effect on tumor cells. Methods Nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation and were detected by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and dynamic light scattering. An anti-proliferative effect of realgar nanoparticles on rat glioma (C6) cells was determined by the MTT assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis rates were observed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis-related gene expression was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results Realgar nanoparticles were successfully prepared. The particles were spherical, with an average diameter of approximately 80 nm, and contained arsenic and sulfur elements. Realgar nanoparticles inhibited C6 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of C6 cells with realgar nanoparticles significantly increased the proportions of cells in S and G2/M phases, decreased the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase, downregulated Bcl-2 expression, and substantially upregulated Bax expression. Conclusion Realgar nanoparticles significantly inhibited C6 glioma cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis by inducing the upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. Realgar nanoparticles are a promising in vitro anti-cancer strategy and may be applicable for human cancer therapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-li An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Chen S, Fang Y, Ma L, Liu S, Li X. Realgar-induced apoptosis and differentiation in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-sensitive NB4 and ATRA-resistant MR2 cells. Int J Oncol 2011; 40:1089-96. [PMID: 22134377 PMCID: PMC3584620 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2011.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Realgar has been used in Western medicine and Chinese traditional medicine since ancient times, and its promising anticancer activity has attracted much attention in recent years, especially for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, the therapeutic action of realgar treatment for APL remains to be fully elucidated. Cellular cytotoxicity, proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation were comprehensively investigated in realgar-treated cell lines derived from PML-RARα+ APL patient, including the all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-sensitive NB4 and ATRA-resistant MR2 cell lines. For analysis of key regulators of apoptosis and differentiation, gene expression profiles were performed in NB4 cells. Realgar was found to induce apoptosis and differentiation in both cell lines, and these effects were exerted simultaneously. Gene expression profiles indicated that genes influenced by realgar treatment were involved in the modulation of signal transduction, translation, transcription, metabolism and the immune response. Given its low toxicity, realgar is a promising alternative reagent for the therapy of APL. Our data contribute to an understanding of the underlying mechanism responsible for the therapeutic effects of realgar in the clinical treatment of APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Lin L, Liu Q, Wang L, Liu A, Weng S, Lei Y, Chen W, Lin X, Chen Y. Enzyme-amplified electrochemical biosensor for detection of PML-RARα fusion gene based on hairpin LNA probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 28:277-83. [PMID: 21840703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an enzyme-amplified electrochemical biosensor was developed for detection of the promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML/RARα) fusion gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). This new sensor employs a hairpin locked nucleic acids (LNAs) probe dually labeled with biotin and carboxyfluorescein molecule (FAM). The probe is immobilized at a streptavidin-modified electrode surface via the biotin-streptavidin bridge, and FAM serves as an affinity tag for the peroxidase conjugate binding. Initially, the immobilized hairpin probe was in the "closed" state in the absence of the target, which shielded FAM from being approached by the bulky anti-FAM-HRP conjugate due to the steric effect. Target binding opens the hairpin structure of the probe, the probe undergoes a significant conformational change, forcing FAM away from the electrode. As a result, the FAM label becomes accessible by the anti-FAM-HRP, and the target hybridization event can be sensitively transduced via the enzymatically amplified electrochemical current signal. This new biosensor demonstrates its excellent specificity for single-base mismatch and able to detect as little as 83 fM target DNA even in the presence of human serum. We also employed this sensor to directly detect PCR real sample with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
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