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miR-143 and miR-145 inhibit gastric cancer cell migration and metastasis by suppressing MYO6. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3101. [PMID: 29022908 PMCID: PMC5682659 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a major clinical obstacle responsible for the high mortality and poor prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical mediators of metastasis that act by modulating their target genes. In this study, we found that miR-143 and miR-145 act via a common target gene, MYO6, to regulate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibit metastasis. We determined that miR-143 and miR-145 were downregulated in GC, and the ectopic expression of miR-143 and/or miR-145 inhibited GC cell migration and metastasis. Furthermore, MYO6 was identified as a direct common target of miR-143 and miR-145 and was elevated in GC. Silencing of MYO6 resulted in a metastasis-suppressive activity similar to that of miR-143 and miR-145, while restoring MYO6 attenuated the anti-metastatic or anti-EMT effects caused by miR-143 and miR-145. Clinically, an inverse correlation was observed between miR-143/145 levels and MYO6 levels in GC tissues, and either miR-143/145 downregulation or MYO6 upregulation was associated with more malignant phenotypes in patients with GC. In conclusion, miR-143 and miR-145 suppress GC cell migration and metastasis by inhibiting MYO6 expression and the EMT, which provides a novel mechanism and promising therapeutic target for the treatment of GC metastasis.
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Wigton EJ, Thompson SB, Long RA, Jacobelli J. Myosin-IIA regulates leukemia engraftment and brain infiltration in a mouse model of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:143-53. [PMID: 26792819 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1a0815-342r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia dissemination (the spread of leukemia cells from the bone marrow) and relapse are associated with poor prognosis. Often, relapse occurs in peripheral organs, such as the CNS, which acts as a sanctuary site for leukemia cells to escape anti-cancer treatments. Similar to normal leukocyte migration, leukemia dissemination entails migration of cells from the blood circulation into tissues by extravasation. To extravasate, leukemia cells cross through vascular endothelial walls via a process called transendothelial migration, which requires cytoskeletal remodeling. However, the specific molecular players in leukemia extravasation are not fully known. We examined the role of myosin-IIA a cytoskeletal class II myosin motor protein, in leukemia progression and dissemination into the CNS by use of a mouse model of Bcr-Abl-driven B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Small hairpin RNA-mediated depletion of myosin-IIA did not affect apoptosis or the growth rate of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. However, in an in vivo leukemia transfer model, myosin-IIA depletion slowed leukemia progression and prolonged survival, in part, by reducing the ability of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells to engraft efficiently. Finally, myosin-IIA inhibition, either by small hairpin RNA depletion or chemical inhibition by blebbistatin, drastically reduced CNS infiltration of leukemia cells. The effects on leukemia cell entry into tissues were mostly a result of the requirement for myosin-IIA to enable leukemia cells to complete the transendothelial migration process during extravasation. Overall, our data implicate myosin-IIA as a key mediator of leukemia cell migration, making it a promising target to inhibit leukemia dissemination in vivo and potentially reduce leukemia relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Wigton
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Scott B Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA; and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert A Long
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Jordan Jacobelli
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA; and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Ma X, Yan J, Chen W, Du P, Xie J, Yu H, Wu H. Knockdown of Myosin VI Inhibits Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells In Vitro. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:723-30. [PMID: 25703929 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the primary malignancy of the liver and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite its severity, the treatment methods for hepatocellular carcinoma are limited due to poor prognosis. This study identified the short hairpin RNA-mediated silencing of myosin VI as a potential approach for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Firstly, the expression of myosin VI was analyzed in 57 hepatocellular carcinoma samples and 10 non-neoplastic samples by immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that myosin VI expression was much stronger in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. Myosin VI short hairpin RNA was then transduced into HepG2 and SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, respectively, using a lentivirus delivery system. Knockdown of myosin VI led to a significant reduction in cell proliferation and colony-forming capacity, as well as a blockade of cell cycle progression. Moreover, an obvious decrease in PRAS40 phosphorylation and a concomitant increase in p38 phosphorylation were observed in myosin VI knockdown cells, which suggest that myosin VI silencing inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth in vitro probably via inactivation of PRAS40 and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathway. This study highlights the potential of myosin VI to be developed as a target for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Ma
- Department of General Surgery, the Second affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Jiqi Yan
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the Second affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of General Surgery, the Second affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Jiaming Xie
- Department of General Surgery, the Second affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Hongpei Yu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Haorong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
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Yu H, Zhu Z, Chang J, Wang J, Shen X. Lentivirus-Mediated Silencing of Myosin VI Inhibits Proliferation and Cell Cycle Progression in Human Lung Cancer Cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:606-13. [PMID: 25643992 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Myosin VI (MYO6) is a unique actin motor, which moves toward the pointed ends of actin filaments. In this study, we found that MYO6 is overexpressed in lung cancer tissues and associated with lung cancer progression, particularly lymph node metastasis. To investigate its functions in lung cancer cells, we generated recombinant lentivirus taking shRNA of MYO6. Using two lung cancer cell lines, A549 and 95D, we found that Lv-shMYO6 could infect lung cancer cells with high efficiency and downregulate MYO6 on both mRNA and protein levels. After knockdown of MYO6, the proliferation rates of lung cancer cells were decreased significantly. The colony-formation ability of MYO6-silenced lung cancer cells was also impaired with reduced colony numbers and fewer cells per colony. Flow cytometry showed that cell cycle progression was stuck at the G0 /G1 phase, especially at the sub-G1 phase, which represents apoptotic cells. Moreover, knockdown of MYO6 downregulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Further experiments using another shRNA of MYO6 confirmed the above results. These results suggest that MYO6 is crucial in maintaining cell cycle and cell growth of lung cancer cells. MYO6 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhenghong Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 221 Yan An Xi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jianhua Chang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jialei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyong Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 221 Yan An Xi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
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BMP-2 overexpression augments vascular smooth muscle cell motility by upregulating myosin Va via Erk signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:294150. [PMID: 24790701 PMCID: PMC3980867 DOI: 10.1155/2014/294150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. The disruption of physiologic vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration initiates atherosclerosis development. The biochemical mechanisms leading to dysfunctional VSMC motility remain unknown. Recently, cytokine BMP-2 has been implicated in various vascular physiologic and pathologic processes. However, whether BMP-2 has any effect upon VSMC motility, or by what manner, has never been investigated. Methods. VSMCs were adenovirally transfected to genetically overexpress BMP-2. VSMC motility was detected by modified Boyden chamber assay, confocal time-lapse video assay, and a colony wounding assay. Gene chip array and RT-PCR were employed to identify genes potentially regulated by BMP-2. Western blot and real-time PCR detected the expression of myosin Va and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2). Immunofluorescence analysis revealed myosin Va expression locale. Intracellular Ca2+ oscillations were recorded. Results. VSMC migration was augmented in VSMCs overexpressing BMP-2 in a dose-dependent manner. siRNA-mediated knockdown of myosin Va inhibited VSMC motility. Both myosin Va mRNA and protein expression significantly increased after BMP-2 administration and were inhibited by Erk1/2 inhibitor U0126. BMP-2 induced Ca2+ oscillations, generated largely by a “cytosolic oscillator”. Conclusion. BMP-2 significantly increased VSMCs migration and myosin Va expression, via the Erk signaling pathway and intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. We provide additional insight into the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, and inhibition of BMP-2-induced myosin Va expression may represent a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Babich A, Li S, O'Connor RS, Milone MC, Freedman BD, Burkhardt JK. F-actin polymerization and retrograde flow drive sustained PLCγ1 signaling during T cell activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 197:775-87. [PMID: 22665519 PMCID: PMC3373411 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201201018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Actomyosin dynamics and T cell receptor signaling are tightly coupled to ensure proper dynamics and function of signaling microclusters within the immunological synapse. Activation of T cells by antigen-presenting cells involves assembly of signaling molecules into dynamic microclusters (MCs) within a specialized membrane domain termed the immunological synapse (IS). Actin and myosin IIA localize to the IS, and depletion of F-actin abrogates MC movement and T cell activation. However, the mechanisms that coordinate actomyosin dynamics and T cell receptor signaling are poorly understood. Using pharmacological inhibitors that perturb individual aspects of actomyosin dynamics without disassembling the network, we demonstrate that F-actin polymerization is the primary driver of actin retrograde flow, whereas myosin IIA promotes long-term integrity of the IS. Disruption of F-actin retrograde flow, but not myosin IIA contraction, arrested MC centralization and inhibited sustained Ca2+ signaling at the level of endoplasmic reticulum store release. Furthermore, perturbation of retrograde flow inhibited PLCγ1 phosphorylation within MCs but left Zap70 activity intact. These studies highlight the importance of ongoing actin polymerization as a central driver of actomyosin retrograde flow, MC centralization, and sustained Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Babich
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Majewski Ł, Sobczak M, Wasik A, Skowronek K, Rędowicz MJ. Myosin VI in PC12 cells plays important roles in cell migration and proliferation but not in catecholamine secretion. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2011; 32:291-302. [PMID: 22105702 PMCID: PMC3230755 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-011-9279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Myosin VI (MVI) is the only known myosin walking towards minus end of actin filaments and is believed to play distinct role(s) than other myosins. We addressed a role of this unique motor in secretory PC12 cells, derived from rat adrenal medulla pheochromocytoma using cell lines with reduced MVI synthesis (produced by means of siRNA). Decrease of MVI expression caused severe changes in cell size and morphology, and profound defects in actin cytoskeleton organization and Golgi structure. Also, significant inhibition of cell migration as well as cell proliferation was observed. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that MVI-deficient cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle but did not undergo increased senescence as compared with control cells. Also, neither polyploidy nor aneuploidy were detected. Surprisingly, no significant effect on noradrenaline secretion was observed. These data indicate that in PC12 cells MVI is involved in cell migration and proliferation but is not crucial for stimulation-dependent catecholamine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Majewski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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