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Yan M, Wang H, Wei R, Li W. Arsenic trioxide: applications, mechanisms of action, toxicity and rescue strategies to date. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:249-271. [PMID: 38147202 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Arsenical medicine has obtained its status in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2,000 years. In the 1970s, arsenic trioxide was identified to have high efficacy and potency for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, which promoted many studies on the therapeutic effects of arsenic trioxide. Currently, arsenic trioxide is widely used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia and various solid tumors through various mechanisms of action in clinical practice; however, it is accompanied by a series of adverse reactions, especially cardiac toxicity. This review presents a comprehensive overview of arsenic trioxide from preclinical and clinical efficacy, potential mechanisms of action, toxicities, and rescue strategies for toxicities to provide guidance or assistance for the clinical application of arsenic trioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Pharmacy Department, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Representation of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome in clinical trials over the past 20 years. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2738-2747. [PMID: 31537526 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS), defined as MDS occurring after previous exposure to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, constitutes 10% to 20% of all MDS diagnoses. t-MDS patients tend to have higher-risk disease and worse outcomes than de novo MDS patients and are often excluded from therapeutic clinical trials. To explore this further, we extracted clinical trials across all status types registered on ClinicalTrials.gov from 1999 to 2018 studying untreated MDS patients. Using these specific search criteria, we analyzed 317 therapeutic MDS trials based on study status, therapeutic indication, eligibility criteria, and sponsor type to examine if these factors influenced t-MDS patient inclusion. Only 18 studies (5.7%) accrued 231 t-MDS patients in total, representing 3.2% of the total accrued MDS trial patient population. Fewer t-MDS patients were accrued in therapeutic trials sponsored by pharmaceutical sponsors vs nonpharmaceutical sponsors (2.8% vs 4.0%; P = .0073). This pattern of exclusion continues in actively enrolling trials; only 5 (10%) of 49 studies specifically mention the inclusion of t-MDS patients in their eligibility criteria. Our results indicate that therapeutic MDS trials seem to exclude t-MDS patients, rendering study results less applicable to this subset of MDS patients, who often have poor outcomes. Our study emphasizes the importance of the recent focus by National Cancer Institute cooperative groups and societies to broaden eligibility criteria for all patients.
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Zeng Y, Weng G, Fan J, Li Z, Wu J, Li Y, Zheng R, Xia P, Guo K. Curcumin reduces the expression of survivin, leading to enhancement of arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemia stem-like cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1233-42. [PMID: 27430728 PMCID: PMC5001835 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low response, treatment-related complications and relapse due to the low sensitivity of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and leukemia stem cells (LSCs) or pre-LSCs to arsenic trioxide (ATO), represent the main problems following treatment with ATO alone in patients with MDS. To solve these problems, a chemosensitization agent can be applied to increase the susceptibility of these cells to ATO. Curcumin (CUR), which possesses a wide range of anticancer activities, is a commonly used chemosensitization agent for various types of tumors, including hematopoietic malignancies. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects and potential mechanisms in MDS-SKM-1 and leukemia stem-like KG1a cells treated with CUR and ATO alone or in combination. CUR and ATO exhibited growth inhibition detected by MTT assays and apoptosis analyzed by Annexin V/PI analyses in both SKM-1 and KG1a cells. Apoptosis of SKM-1 and KG1a cells determined by Annexin V/PI was significantly enhanced in the combination groups compared with the groups treated with either agent alone. Further evaluation was performed by western blotting for two hallmark markers of apoptosis, caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP. Co-treatment of the cells with CUR and ATO resulted in significant synergistic effects. In SKM-1 and KG1a cells, 31 and 13 proteins analyzed by protein array assays were modulated, respectively. Notably, survivin protein expression levels were downregulated in both cell lines treated with CUR alone and in combination with ATO, particularly in the latter case. Susceptibility to apoptosis was significantly increased in SKM-1 and KG1a cells treated with siRNA-survivin and ATO. These results suggested that CUR increased the sensitivity of SKM-1 and KG1a cells to ATO by downregulating the expression of survivin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Jinan University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, P.R. China
| | - Guangyang Weng
- Deparment of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Fan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Jinan University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, P.R. China
| | - Zhangqiu Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Jinan University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Wu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Jinan University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanming Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Jinan University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Jinan University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, P.R. China
| | - Pingfang Xia
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Jinan University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, P.R. China
| | - Kunyuan Guo
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, P.R. China
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Falchi L, Verstovsek S, Ravandi-Kashani F, Kantarjian HM. The evolution of arsenic in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia and other myeloid neoplasms: Moving toward an effective oral, outpatient therapy. Cancer 2015; 122:1160-8. [PMID: 26716387 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of arsenic derivatives has long been recognized and was recently rediscovered in modern literature. Early studies demonstrated impressive activity of this compound in patients with relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Over the last 2 decades, intravenous arsenic trioxide has been used successfully, both alone and in combination with other agents, for the treatment of APL and, with some success, of other myeloid neoplasms. Arsenic trioxide is currently part the standard of care for patients with APL. More recently, oral formulations of this compound have been developed and are entering clinical practice. In this review, the authors discuss the evolution of arsenic in the treatment of APL and other myeloid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Falchi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas
| | - Farhad Ravandi-Kashani
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas
| | - Hagop M Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas
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Zhao H, Sun G, Kong D, Zhang Y, Shi W, Zhao M, Hong L, Qiao Z. A phase II study of arsenic trioxide in patients with relapsed or refractory malignant lymphoma. Med Oncol 2015; 32:79. [PMID: 25698531 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Limited data have been reported regarding the use of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory malignant lymphoma; therefore, the present phase II study evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of ATO in such patients. A total of 35 patients were treated with ATO (0.25 mg/kg) infused for 1 h daily, 5 days a week, for a 6-week cycle. Patients were evaluated for the efficacy and toxicity of this regimen. The primary outcome evaluated was the overall response rate (ORR), including the complete and partial response rates. The secondary outcomes evaluated were the overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity. Tumor response data were obtained from all 35 enrolled patients. The ORR was 43%, including complete responses in four patients (11%) and partial responses in 11 patients (31%). The median duration of response was 16 weeks (range 11-23 weeks). The median OS was 79 weeks (range 14-171 weeks), and the median PFS was 55 weeks (range 14-135 weeks). Grade I or II hematological toxicities were the most commonly reported adverse events. The results of this study appear promising for the treatment of relapsed or refractory malignant lymphoma, with well-tolerated ATO toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Roboz GJ, Ritchie EK, Carlin RF, Samuel M, Gale L, Provenzano-Gober JL, Curcio TJ, Feldman EJ, Kligfield PD. Prevalence, management, and clinical consequences of QT interval prolongation during treatment with arsenic trioxide. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:3723-8. [PMID: 25245447 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.51.2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a highly effective agent for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). QT interval prolongation is common with ATO and can pose a barrier to effective administration. The objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence, management, and clinical consequences of QT prolongation in a large cohort of patients treated with ATO. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed 3,011 electrocardiograms from 113 patients with non-APL acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome who were treated on a previously reported clinical trial. QT intervals were assessed using four different correction formulas, and data were correlated with clinical parameters and treatment with ATO. RESULTS There were no clinically significant cardiac events in the study population. Of those receiving ATO therapy, 29 patients (26%) had rate-uncorrected QT values above 470 ms and 13 (12%) had values exceeding 500 ms. With the commonly used Bazett rate correction formula, 102 patients (90%) had QTc greater than 470 ms, including 74 (65%) above 500 ms. By using alternative rate correction formulas, only 24% to 32% of patients had rate-corrected QT intervals above 500 ms. CONCLUSION QT interval prolongation is common with ATO treatment, but clinically significant arrhythmias are rare and can be avoided with appropriate precautions. Use of the Bazett correction may result in unnecessary interruptions in ATO therapy, and alternative rate correction formulas should be considered for routine electrocardiographic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail J Roboz
- Gail J. Roboz, Ellen K. Ritchie, Tania J. Curcio, Eric J. Feldman, and Paul D. Kligfield, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York-Presbyterian Hospital; Michael Samuel, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Juliette L. Provenzano-Gober, New York University, New York, NY; Rebecca F. Carlin, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; and Leanne Gale, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Ellen K Ritchie
- Gail J. Roboz, Ellen K. Ritchie, Tania J. Curcio, Eric J. Feldman, and Paul D. Kligfield, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York-Presbyterian Hospital; Michael Samuel, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Juliette L. Provenzano-Gober, New York University, New York, NY; Rebecca F. Carlin, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; and Leanne Gale, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rebecca F Carlin
- Gail J. Roboz, Ellen K. Ritchie, Tania J. Curcio, Eric J. Feldman, and Paul D. Kligfield, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York-Presbyterian Hospital; Michael Samuel, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Juliette L. Provenzano-Gober, New York University, New York, NY; Rebecca F. Carlin, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; and Leanne Gale, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael Samuel
- Gail J. Roboz, Ellen K. Ritchie, Tania J. Curcio, Eric J. Feldman, and Paul D. Kligfield, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York-Presbyterian Hospital; Michael Samuel, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Juliette L. Provenzano-Gober, New York University, New York, NY; Rebecca F. Carlin, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; and Leanne Gale, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Leanne Gale
- Gail J. Roboz, Ellen K. Ritchie, Tania J. Curcio, Eric J. Feldman, and Paul D. Kligfield, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York-Presbyterian Hospital; Michael Samuel, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Juliette L. Provenzano-Gober, New York University, New York, NY; Rebecca F. Carlin, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; and Leanne Gale, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Juliette L Provenzano-Gober
- Gail J. Roboz, Ellen K. Ritchie, Tania J. Curcio, Eric J. Feldman, and Paul D. Kligfield, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York-Presbyterian Hospital; Michael Samuel, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Juliette L. Provenzano-Gober, New York University, New York, NY; Rebecca F. Carlin, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; and Leanne Gale, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tania J Curcio
- Gail J. Roboz, Ellen K. Ritchie, Tania J. Curcio, Eric J. Feldman, and Paul D. Kligfield, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York-Presbyterian Hospital; Michael Samuel, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Juliette L. Provenzano-Gober, New York University, New York, NY; Rebecca F. Carlin, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; and Leanne Gale, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eric J Feldman
- Gail J. Roboz, Ellen K. Ritchie, Tania J. Curcio, Eric J. Feldman, and Paul D. Kligfield, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York-Presbyterian Hospital; Michael Samuel, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Juliette L. Provenzano-Gober, New York University, New York, NY; Rebecca F. Carlin, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; and Leanne Gale, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paul D Kligfield
- Gail J. Roboz, Ellen K. Ritchie, Tania J. Curcio, Eric J. Feldman, and Paul D. Kligfield, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York-Presbyterian Hospital; Michael Samuel, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Juliette L. Provenzano-Gober, New York University, New York, NY; Rebecca F. Carlin, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; and Leanne Gale, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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