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Hess JD, Macias LH, Gutierrez DA, Moran-Santibanez K, Contreras L, Medina S, Villanueva PJ, Kirken RA, Varela-Ramirez A, Penichet ML, Aguilera RJ. Identification of a Unique Cytotoxic Thieno[2,3-c]Pyrazole Derivative with Potent and Selective Anticancer Effects In Vitro. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060930. [PMID: 35741451 PMCID: PMC9219615 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the thienopyrazole moiety has emerged as a pharmacologically active scaffold with antitumoral and kinase inhibitory activity. In this study, high-throughput screening of 2000 small molecules obtained from the ChemBridge DIVERset library revealed a unique thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole derivative (Tpz-1) with potent and selective cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Compound Tpz-1 consistently induced cell death at low micromolar concentrations (0.19 μM to 2.99 μM) against a panel of 17 human cancer cell lines after 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h of exposure. Furthermore, an in vitro investigation of Tpz-1's mechanism of action revealed that Tpz-1 interfered with cell cycle progression, reduced phosphorylation of p38, CREB, Akt, and STAT3 kinases, induced hyperphosphorylation of Fgr, Hck, and ERK 1/2 kinases, and disrupted microtubules and mitotic spindle formation. These findings support the continued exploration of Tpz-1 and other thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole-based compounds as potential small-molecule anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Hess
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Luca H. Macias
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Denisse A. Gutierrez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Karla Moran-Santibanez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Lisett Contreras
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Stephanie Medina
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Paulina J. Villanueva
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Robert A. Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Manuel L. Penichet
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The Molecular Biology Institute, AIDS Institute, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-915-747-6852
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Defnet AE, Shah SD, Huang W, Shapiro P, Deshpande DA, Kane MA. Dysregulated retinoic acid signaling in airway smooth muscle cells in asthma. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22016. [PMID: 34784434 PMCID: PMC9361782 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100835r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency has been shown to exacerbate allergic asthma. Previous studies have postulated that retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A and high-affinity ligand for RA receptor (RAR), is reduced in airway inflammatory condition and contributes to multiple features of asthma including airway hyperresponsiveness and excessive accumulation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. In this study, we directly quantified RA and examined the molecular basis for reduced RA levels and RA-mediated signaling in lungs and ASM cells obtained from asthmatic donors and in lungs from allergen-challenged mice. Levels of RA and retinol were significantly lower in lung tissues from asthmatic donors and house dust mite (HDM)-challenged mice compared to non-asthmatic human lungs and PBS-challenged mice, respectively. Quantification of mRNA and protein expression revealed dysregulation in the first step of RA biosynthesis consistent with reduced RA including decreased protein expression of retinol dehydrogenase (RDH)-10 and increased protein expression of RDH11 and dehydrogenase/reductase (DHRS)-4 in asthmatic lung. Proteomic profiling of non-asthmatic and asthmatic lungs also showed significant changes in the protein expression of AP-1 targets consistent with increased AP-1 activity. Further, basal RA levels and RA biosynthetic capabilities were decreased in asthmatic human ASM cells. Treatment of human ASM cells with all-trans RA (ATRA) or the RARγ-specific agonist (CD1530) resulted in the inhibition of mitogen-induced cell proliferation and AP-1-dependent transcription. These data suggest that RA metabolism is decreased in asthmatic lung and that enhancing RAR signaling using ATRA or RARγ agonists may mitigate airway remodeling associated with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Defnet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sushrut D. Shah
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deepak A. Deshpande
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Li Z, Wang F, Tian X, Long J, Ling B, Zhang W, Xu J, Liang A. HCK maintains the self-renewal of leukaemia stem cells via CDK6 in AML. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:210. [PMID: 34167558 PMCID: PMC8223385 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) are responsible for the initiation, maintenance, and recurrence of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), an aggressive haematological malignancy associated with drug resistance and relapse. Identifying therapeutic LSC targets is critical to curing AML. Methods Bioinformatics databases were used to identify therapeutic LSC targets. The conditional knockout mice were used to analyse the role of HCK in leukaemogenesis or normal haematopoiesis. Colony-forming assays, cell counting, and flow cytometry were used to detect the viability and function of leukaemia cells. RT-PCR, western blotting, and RNA sequencing were used to detect mRNA and protein expression. Result HCK is expressed at higher levels in LSCs than in haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and high HCK levels are correlated with reduced survival time in AML patients. Knockdown of HCK leads to cell cycle arrest, which results in a dramatic decrease in the proliferation and colony formation in human AML cell lines. Moreover, HCK is required for leukemogenesis and leukaemia maintenance in vivo and in vitro. HCK is necessary for the self-renewal of LSCs during serial transplantation and limiting dilution assay. The phenotypes resulting from HCK deficiency can be rescued by CDK6 overexpression in the human cell line. RNA sequencing and gene expression have demonstrated that HCK may sustain cell cycle entry and maintain the self-renewal ability of LSCs through activating the ERK1/2-c-Myc-CDK6 signalling axis. In contrast, HCK deletion does not affect normal haematopoiesis or haematopoietic reconstruction in mice. Conclusions HCK maintains the self-renewal of leukaemia stem cells via CDK6 in AML and may be an ideal therapeutic target for eradicating LSCs without influencing normal haematopoiesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02007-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Haematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fangce Wang
- Department of Haematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Tian
- Department of Haematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun Long
- Department of Haematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bin Ling
- The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 650000, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Haematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Jun Xu
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Aibin Liang
- Department of Haematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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Kim JE, Kim JH, Lee Y, Yang H, Heo YS, Bode AM, Lee KW, Dong Z. Bakuchiol suppresses proliferation of skin cancer cells by directly targeting Hck, Blk, and p38 MAP kinase. Oncotarget 2018; 7:14616-27. [PMID: 26910280 PMCID: PMC4924739 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bakuchiol is a meroterpene present in the medicinal plant Psoralea corylifolia, which has been traditionally used in China, India, Japan and Korea for the treatment of premature ejaculation, knee pain, alopecia spermatorrhea, enuresis, backache, pollakiuria, vitiligo, callus, and psoriasis. Here, we report the chemopreventive properties of bakuchiol, which acts by inhibiting epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced neoplastic cell transformation. Bakuchiol also decreased viability and inhibited anchorage-independent growth of A431 human epithelial carcinoma cells. Bakuchiol reduced A431 xenograft tumor growth in an in vivo mouse model. Using kinase profiling, we identified Hck, Blk and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) as targets of bakuchiol, which directly bound to each kinase in an ATP-competitive manner. Bakuchiol also inhibited EGF-induced signaling pathways downstream of Hck, Blk and p38 MAPK, including the MEK/ERKs, p38 MAPK/MSK1 and AKT/p70S6K pathways. This report is the first mechanistic study identifying molecular targets for the anticancer activity of bakuchiol and our findings indicate that bakuchiol exhibits potent anticancer activity by targeting Hck, Blk and p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.,The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, MN 55912, USA.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghyun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Heo
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, MN 55912, USA
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, MN 55912, USA
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5
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Roversi FM, Pericole FV, Machado-Neto JA, da Silva Santos Duarte A, Longhini AL, Corrocher FA, Palodetto B, Ferro KP, Rosa RG, Baratti MO, Verjovski-Almeida S, Traina F, Molinari A, Botta M, Saad STO. Hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) is a potential therapeutic target for dysplastic and leukemic cells due to integration of erythropoietin/PI3K pathway and regulation of erythropoiesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:450-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wei S, Zhao M, Wang X, Li Y, Wang K. PU.1 controls the expression of long noncoding RNA HOTAIRM1 during granulocytic differentiation. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:44. [PMID: 27146823 PMCID: PMC4857283 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNA HOX antisense intergenic RNA myeloid 1 (HOTAIRM1) has been characterized as a critical factor in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells. However, the essential transcription factor for gene expression of HOTAIRM1 is still unknown. FINDINGS Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that PU.1 constitutively bound to the regulatory region of HOTAIRM1. Co-expression of PU.1 led to the transactivation of the regulatory region of HOTAIRM1 in a reporter assay. Detailed analysis showed that two PU.1 motifs, which were located around +1100 bp downstream of the transcriptional start site of the HOTAIRM1 promoter, were responsible for the PU.1-dependent transactivation. The induction of HOTAIRM1 by ATRA was dependent on PU.1, and ectopic expression of PU.1 significantly up-regulated HOTAIRM1. Furthermore, low HOTAIRM1 expression was observed in APL cells, which was attributed to the reduced PU.1 expression rather than the repression by PML-RARα via the direct binding. CONCLUSION PU.1 directly activates the expression of HOTAIRM1 through binding to the regulatory region of HOTAIRM1 during granulocytic differentiation. The reduced PU.1 expression, rather than PML-RARα itself, results in the low expression of HOTAIRM1 in APL cells. Our findings enrich the knowledge on the regulation of lncRNAs and the underlying mechanisms of the abnormal expression of lncRNAs involved in APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Kankan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Kanderova V, Kuzilkova D, Stuchly J, Vaskova M, Brdicka T, Fiser K, Hrusak O, Lund-Johansen F, Kalina T. High-resolution Antibody Array Analysis of Childhood Acute Leukemia Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1246-61. [PMID: 26785729 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.054593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute leukemia is a disease pathologically manifested at both genomic and proteomic levels. Molecular genetic technologies are currently widely used in clinical research. In contrast, sensitive and high-throughput proteomic techniques for performing protein analyses in patient samples are still lacking. Here, we used a technology based on size exclusion chromatography followed by immunoprecipitation of target proteins with an antibody bead array (Size Exclusion Chromatography-Microsphere-based Affinity Proteomics, SEC-MAP) to detect hundreds of proteins from a single sample. In addition, we developed semi-automatic bioinformatics tools to adapt this technology for high-content proteomic screening of pediatric acute leukemia patients.To confirm the utility of SEC-MAP in leukemia immunophenotyping, we tested 31 leukemia diagnostic markers in parallel by SEC-MAP and flow cytometry. We identified 28 antibodies suitable for both techniques. Eighteen of them provided excellent quantitative correlation between SEC-MAP and flow cytometry (p< 0.05). Next, SEC-MAP was applied to examine 57 diagnostic samples from patients with acute leukemia. In this assay, we used 632 different antibodies and detected 501 targets. Of those, 47 targets were differentially expressed between at least two of the three acute leukemia subgroups. The CD markers correlated with immunophenotypic categories as expected. From non-CD markers, we found DBN1, PAX5, or PTK2 overexpressed in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemias, LAT, SH2D1A, or STAT5A overexpressed in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias, and HCK, GLUD1, or SYK overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemias. In addition, OPAL1 overexpression corresponded to ETV6-RUNX1 chromosomal translocation.In summary, we demonstrated that SEC-MAP technology is a powerful tool for detecting hundreds of proteins in clinical samples obtained from pediatric acute leukemia patients. It provides information about protein size and reveals differences in protein expression between particular leukemia subgroups. Forty-seven of SEC-MAP identified targets were validated by other conventional method in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kanderova
- From the ‡CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kuzilkova
- From the ‡CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Stuchly
- From the ‡CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Vaskova
- From the ‡CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Brdicka
- §Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Fiser
- From the ‡CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Hrusak
- From the ‡CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- ¶Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomas Kalina
- From the ‡CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague 5, Czech Republic;
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Poh AR, O'Donoghue RJ, Ernst M. Hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) as a therapeutic target in immune and cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:15752-71. [PMID: 26087188 PMCID: PMC4599235 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) is a member of the SRC family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases (SFKs), and is expressed in cells of the myeloid and B-lymphocyte cell lineages. Excessive HCK activation is associated with several types of leukemia and enhances cell proliferation and survival by physical association with oncogenic fusion proteins, and with functional interactions with receptor tyrosine kinases. Elevated HCK activity is also observed in many solid malignancies, including breast and colon cancer, and correlates with decreased patient survival rates. HCK enhances the secretion of growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines from myeloid cells, and promotes macrophage polarization towards a wound healing and tumor-promoting alternatively activated phenotype. Within tumor associated macrophages, HCK stimulates the formation of podosomes that facilitate extracellular matrix degradation, which enhance immune and epithelial cell invasion. By virtue of functional cooperation between HCK and bona fide oncogenic tyrosine kinases, excessive HCK activation can also reduce drug efficacy and contribute to chemo-resistance, while genetic ablation of HCK results in minimal physiological consequences in healthy mice. Given its known crystal structure, HCK therefore provides an attractive therapeutic target to both, directly inhibit the growth of cancer cells, and indirectly curb the source of tumor-promoting changes in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh R. Poh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J.J. O'Donoghue
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Victoria, Australia
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Kar A, Gutierrez-Hartmann A. Molecular mechanisms of ETS transcription factor-mediated tumorigenesis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 48:522-43. [PMID: 24066765 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2013.838202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The E26 transformation-specific (ETS) family of transcription factors is critical for development, differentiation, proliferation and also has a role in apoptosis and tissue remodeling. Changes in expression of ETS proteins therefore have a significant impact on normal physiology of the cell. Transcriptional consequences of ETS protein deregulation by overexpression, gene fusion, and modulation by RAS/MAPK signaling are linked to alterations in normal cell functions, and lead to unlimited increased proliferation, sustained angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Existing data show that ETS proteins control pathways in epithelial cells as well as stromal compartments, and the crosstalk between the two is essential for normal development and cancer. In this review, we have focused on ETS factors with a known contribution in cancer development. Instead of focusing on a prototype, we address cancer associated ETS proteins and have highlighted the diverse mechanisms by which they affect carcinogenesis. Finally, we discuss strategies for ETS factor targeting as a potential means for cancer therapeutics.
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10
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Coordinated regulation of the immunoproteasome subunits by PML/RARα and PU.1 in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Oncogene 2013; 33:2700-8. [PMID: 23770850 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recognition and elimination of malignant cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes depends on antigenic peptides generated by proteasomes. It has been established that impairment of the immunoproteasome subunits, that is, PSMB8, PSMB9 and PSMB10 (PSMBs), is critical for malignant cells to escape immune recognition. We report here the regulatory mechanism of the repression of PU.1-dependent activation of PSMBs by PML/RARα in the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and the unidentified function of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as an immunomodulator in the treatment of APL. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays showed that PU.1 directly bound to and coordinately transactivated the promoters of PSMBs, indicating that PSMBs were transcriptional targets of PU.1 and PU.1 regulated their basal expression. Analysis of expression profiling data from a large population of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients revealed that the expression levels of PSMBs were significantly lower in APL patients than in non-APL AML patients. Further evidence demonstrated that the decrease in their expression was achieved through PML/RARα-mediated repression of both PU.1-dependent transactivation and PU.1 expression. Moreover, ATRA but not arsenic trioxide induced the expression of PSMBs in APL cells, indicating that ATRA treatment might activate the antigen-processing/presentation machinery. Finally, the above observations were confirmed in primary APL samples. Collectively, our data demonstrate that PML/RARα suppresses PU.1-dependent activation of the immunosubunits, which may facilitate the escape of APL cells from immune surveillance in leukemia development, and ATRA treatment is able to reactivate their expression, which would promote more efficient T-cell-mediated recognition in the treatment.
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