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Maharati A, Zanguei AS, Khalili-Tanha G, Moghbeli M. MicroRNAs as the critical regulators of tyrosine kinase inhibitors resistance in lung tumor cells. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:27. [PMID: 35264191 PMCID: PMC8905758 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common and the leading cause of cancer related deaths globally. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) are among the common therapeutic strategies in lung cancer patients, however the treatment process fails in a wide range of patients due to TKIs resistance. Given that the use of anti-cancer drugs can always have side effects on normal tissues, predicting the TKI responses can provide an efficient therapeutic strategy. Therefore, it is required to clarify the molecular mechanisms of TKIs resistance in lung cancer patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in regulation of various pathophysiological cellular processes. In the present review, we discussed the miRNAs that have been associated with TKIs responses in lung cancer. MiRNAs mainly exert their role on TKIs response through regulation of Tyrosine Kinase Receptors (TKRs) and down-stream signaling pathways. This review paves the way for introducing a panel of miRNAs for the prediction of TKIs responses in lung cancer patients. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Sadra Zanguei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Wu J, Liu J. Research progress in proteasome inhibitor resistance to multiple myeloma. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:900-908. [PMID: 34565737 PMCID: PMC10929973 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.200430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a highly heterogeneous malignant plasma cell disease. Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) are the first line of medicine for MM. Bortezomib, ixazomib, and carfilzomib are also widely used for MM. Marizomib, oprozomib, and KZR-616 are in clinical trials. However, the drug resistance of PIs in MM is still a problem. The mechanisms for PIs resistance to MM include ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, autophagy lysosome pathway, endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway, cell survival signal pathway, exosome-mediated resistance, and bone marrow microenvironment-mediated resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wu
- Department of Hematology, Loudi Gereral Hospital, Loudi Hunan 417000.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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3
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Wang Q, Lu B, Zhang Y, Yu J, Guo J, Zhou Q, Lv H, Sun Y. STAT3 inhibitor BBI608 enhances the antitumor effect of gefitinib on EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer cells. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1855-1865. [PMID: 34370268 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gefitinib is known as epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) while an increasing number of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are becoming resistant to EGFR-TKI. Therefore, innovative methods are urgently needed to overcome primary and acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC patients. The viability of HCC827 cells and HCC827 Ge-resistant (Ge-r) cells treated with gefitinib and/or STAT3 inhibitor and/or Overexpression (Oe)-ROR1 was detected by CCK-8 assay. The colony formation, invasion, migration and apoptosis of HCC827 Ge-r cells treated with gefitinib and/or STAT3 inhibitor and/or Oe-ROR1 transfection were, respectively, detected by clone formation assay, transwell assay, wound healing assay and flow cytometry analysis. The protein expressions of EGFR, STAT3, invasion and migration-related proteins, ROR1/ABCB1/P53 pathway and apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The transfection effect of Oe-ROR1 in HCC827 Ge-r cells was confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. In vivo animal experiment was used to confirm the role of STAT3 in improving the sensitivity of HCC827 Ge-r cells to gefitinib. As a result, after treatment of gefitinib, the viability of HCC827 cells was lower than that of HCC827 Ge-r cells and the expression of p/t-EGFR and p/t-STAT3 was decreased in HCC827 cells and HCC827 Ge-r cells after treatment of gefitinib. STAT3 inhibitor BBI608 enhanced the ability of gefitinib to inhibit viability, invasion and migration while promoting apoptosis of HCC827 Ge-r cells treated with gefitinib, which was partially reversed by ROR1 overexpression. STAT3 inhibitor further down-regulated the expression of MMP2, MMP9, ROR1, ABCB1 and BCl2, while up-regulated the expression of p53, bax and cleaved caspase3 in HCC827 Ge-r cells treated with gefitinib, which was partially reversed by ROR1 overexpression. In vivo experiment, STAT3 inhibitor further suppressed the size of NSCLC tissues, and further down-regulated the expression of ROR1 and ABCB1 while up-regulated the expression of p53 in NSCLC tissues. In conclusion, STAT3 inhibitor enhanced the antitumor effect of gefitinib on EGFR-mutated NSCLC cells through regulating ROR1/ABCB1/P53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 140, Renmin South Road, Chengxiang Town, Taicang, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 140, Renmin South Road, Chengxiang Town, Taicang, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianchi Zhou
- Department of Health Management, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 140, Renmin South Road, Chengxiang Town, Taicang, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yifeng Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 140, Renmin South Road, Chengxiang Town, Taicang, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Zhuang M, Ding X, Song W, Chen H, Guan H, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Dong X. Correlation of IL-6 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway with prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16667-16683. [PMID: 34165442 PMCID: PMC8266356 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
IL-6 is reported to be the main upstream activator, instead of the downstream target of JAK2/STAT3. This study is intended to explore the correlation of IL-6 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway with clinicopathological features and prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). First, NPC tissues and normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues were obtained from 117 NPC patients. Next, we detected expression levels of IL-6 in serum and those of STAT3, p-STAT3, JAK2, p-JAK2 and CyclinD1 in tissues. A follow-up was conducted in all the patients and the survival was analyzed. To verify the correlation of IL-6 and JAK2/STAT3 pathway, CNE-1 and SUNE1 NPC cells were interpreted with IL-6 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway inhibitor AG490 to detect cell viability, migration and invasion. We observed thatIL-6 increased in serum of NPC patients. The expressions of IL-6, STAT3, p-STAT3, JAK2, p-JAK2 and CyclinD1 in NPC tissues were higher and correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (LNM). Survival rates were reduced in patients with positive expressions of IL-6, STAT3, p-STAT3, JAK2, p-JAK2 and CyclinD1. LNM and positive expressions of IL-6 and p-STAT3 were risk factors for poor prognosis of NPC. Besides, recombinant human IL-6 promoted cell proliferation, invasion and migration while AG490 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration in CNE-1 and SUNE1 NPC cells. The results demonstrated that increased IL-6 expression and the activated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway had effects on prognosis and reduced the survival time in NPC patients, which provide a potential target for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250031, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Ding
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan 250033, PR China
| | - Wenli Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250031, PR China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department of Radiation Neurology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250031, PR China
| | - Hui Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250031, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Graduate Studies, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 271099, PR China
| | - Zicheng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, PR China
| | - Xinzhe Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
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5
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Deng S, Qiu K, Tu R, Zheng H, Lu W. Relationship Between Pregnancy and Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: A Single-Case Study. Front Immunol 2021; 11:609476. [PMID: 33597947 PMCID: PMC7882727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between pregnancy and autoimmune diseases is unclear. This study investigated the possible role of local immune changes and the activation state of the HMGB1/TLR4/Nf-κB/IL-6 pathway at the maternal–fetal interface during pregnancy in the pathogenesis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Clinical data and blood samples of a patient with ADEM were collected to observe the dynamic changes in lymphocyte populations after an abortion. The expression of HMGB1, TLR4, Nf-κB, AQP4, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α in the fetal membrane and placenta was compared between the patient with pregnancy-related ADEM and a woman with a normal pregnancy using Real-time qPCR and western blotting (WB). The patient was diagnosed with ADEM in the early stage of pregnancy after showing limb weakness symptoms. In the third month of gestation, the symptoms worsened, with a disturbance of consciousness and breathing. After the abortion, the patient relapsed with vertigo and visual rotation. Analysis of lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry showed that B lymphocytes increased, while natural killer T lymphocytes decreased. WB and Real-time qPCR showed that the expression levels of HMGB1, TLR4, Nf-κB, AQP4, and IL-6 in the fetal membrane and placenta were higher in the patient with pregnancy-related ADEM than in the woman with a normal pregnancy, while those of IL-2 were lower in the patient than in the woman with a normal pregnancy. The local immune changes and the activation of the HMGB1/TLR4/Nf-κB/IL-6 pathway at the maternal–fetal interface may be related to the pathogenesis of ADEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Deng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Ranran Tu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiping Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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6
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Clarisse D, Offner F, De Bosscher K. Latest perspectives on glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and resistance in lymphoid malignancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188430. [PMID: 32950642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are essential drugs in the treatment protocols of lymphoid malignancies. These steroidal hormones trigger apoptosis of the malignant cells by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Long term glucocorticoid treatment is limited by two major problems: the development of glucocorticoid-related side effects, which hampers patient quality of life, and the emergence of glucocorticoid resistance, which is a gradual process that is inevitable in many patients. This emphasizes the need to reevaluate and optimize the widespread use of glucocorticoids in lymphoid malignancies. To achieve this goal, a deep understanding of the mechanisms governing glucocorticoid responsiveness is required, yet, a recent comprehensive overview is currently lacking. In this review, we examine how glucocorticoids mediate apoptosis by detailing GR's genomic and non-genomic action mechanisms in lymphoid malignancies. We continue with a discussion of the glucocorticoid-related problems and how these are intertwined with one another. We further zoom in on glucocorticoid resistance by critically analyzing the plethora of proposed mechanisms and highlighting therapeutic opportunities that emerge from these studies. In conclusion, early detection of glucocorticoid resistance in patients remains an important challenge as this would result in a timelier treatment reorientation and reduced glucocorticoid-instigated side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Clarisse
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Fritz Offner
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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7
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Yang Y, Wang W, Chang H, Han Z, Yu X, Zhang T. Reciprocal regulation of miR-206 and IL-6/STAT3 pathway mediates IL6-induced gefitinib resistance in EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7331-7341. [PMID: 31507089 PMCID: PMC6815809 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistently activated IL‐6/STAT3 pathway promotes acquired resistance to targeted therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) in non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. miR‐206 has been verified to be dysregulated and plays as a negative regulator in lung cancer. However, whether miR‐206 may overcome IL6‐induced gefitinib resistance in EGFR‐mutant lung cancer remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of miR‐206 in IL6‐induced gefitinib‐resistant EGFR‐mutated lung cancer cell lines. We showed that forced miR‐206 expression restored gefitinib sensitivity in IL6‐induced gefitinib‐resistant EGFR‐mutant lung cancer cells by inhibiting IL6/JAK1/STAT3 pathway. Specifically, mechanistic investigations revealed that miR‐206 blocked IL‐6/STAT3 signalling via directly targeting the 3'‐UTR of intracellular IL‐6 messenger RNA. Moreover, IL‐6 induced miR‐206 down‐regulation by reducing the cropping process of primary miR‐206 (pri‐miR‐206) into the Drosha/DGCR8 complex. Taken together, our findings reveal a direct role of miR‐206 in regulating IL‐6/STAT3 pathway and contrarily activated IL‐6/STAT3 signalling mediates the miR‐206 maturation process in gefitinib‐resistant EGFR‐mutant lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Yang
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Pathology, The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Zenglei Han
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinjuan Yu
- Center Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingguo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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8
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Guan R, Wang W, Fu B, Pang Y, Lou Y, Li H. Increased lncRNA HOTAIR expression promotes the chemoresistance of multiple myeloma to dexamethasone by regulating cell viability and apoptosis by mediating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3917-3923. [PMID: 31485665 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown that HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), an oncogenic long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA), is dysregulated in leukemia and is involved in tumor progression. The aim of the present study was to determine whether HOTAIR could serve as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM), and to investigate its role in regards to MM cell viability and chemoresistance to dexamethasone (DEX). The results revealed that the expression of HOTAIR was significantly upregulated in serum, bone marrow and primary CD138+ cells from MM patients compared with those from normal controls as determined by qPCR. HOTAIR expression was obviously increased in MM cell lines compared to that in normal plasma cells. ROC curve analysis showed that the serum level of HOTAIR exhibited a higher diagnostic value for MM. Furthermore, loss‑of‑functional assays indicated that HOTAIR inhibition suppressed MM cell viability by arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase as determined by cell viability assay and flow cytometry. An in‑depth study revealed that knockdown of HOTAIR led to decreased chemoresistance of DEX in MM cells by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings suggest that upregulation of serum HOTAIR may prove to be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of MM. HOTAIR promoted MM cell viability and increased chemoresistance of MM to DEX via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, indicating HOTAIR may also serve as a potential therapeutic target for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyan Guan
- Department of Hematology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Hematology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274000, P.R. China
| | - Yujun Pang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Ye Lou
- Department of Hematology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Hematology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
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9
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Decoration of Anti-CD38 on Nanoparticles Carrying a STAT3 Inhibitor Can Improve the Therapeutic Efficacy Against Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020248. [PMID: 30791634 PMCID: PMC6407065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is an oncoprotein which has been shown to contribute to drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). Nonetheless, the clinical utility of STAT3 inhibitors in treating MM has been limited, partly related to some of their pharmacologic properties. To overcome these challenges, our group had previously packaged STAT3 inhibitors using a novel formulation of nanoparticles (NP) and found encouraging results. In this study, we aimed to further improve the pharmacologic properties of these NP by decorating them with monoclonal anti-CD38 antibodies. NP loaded with S3I-1757 (a STAT3 inhibitor), labeled as S3I-NP, were generated. S3I-NP decorated with anti-CD38 (labeled as CD38-S3I-NP) were found to have a similar nanoparticular size, drug encapsulation, and loading as S3I-NP. The release of S3I-1757 at 24 h was also similar between the two formulations. Using Cy5.5 labeling of the NP, we found that the decoration of anti-CD38 on these NP significantly increased the cellular uptake by two MM cell lines (p < 0.001). Accordingly, CD38-S3I-NP showed a significantly lower inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC50) compared to S3I-NP in two IL6-stimulated MM cell lines (p < 0.001). In a xenograft mouse model, CD38-S3I-NP significantly reduced the tumor size by 4-fold compared to S3I-NP on day 12 after drug administration (p = 0.006). The efficacy of CD38-S3I-NP in suppressing STAT3 phosphorylation in the xenografts was confirmed by using immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. In conclusion, our study suggests that the decoration of anti-CD38 on NP loaded with STAT3 inhibitors can further improve their therapeutic effects against MM.
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Franco D, Trusso S, Fazio E, Allegra A, Musolino C, Speciale A, Cimino F, Saija A, Neri F, Nicolò MS, Guglielmino SPP. Raman spectroscopy differentiates between sensitive and resistant multiple myeloma cell lines. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 187:15-22. [PMID: 28645097 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for identifying neoplastic cells and discerning them from their normal counterparts are often nonspecific and biologically perturbing. Here, we show that single-cell micro-Raman spectroscopy can be used to discriminate between resistant and sensitive multiple myeloma cell lines based on their highly reproducible biomolecular spectral signatures. In order to demonstrate robustness of the proposed approach, we used two different cell lines of multiple myeloma, namely MM.1S and U266B1, and their counterparts MM.1R and U266/BTZ-R subtypes, resistant to dexamethasone and bortezomib, respectively. Then, micro-Raman spectroscopy provides an easily accurate and noninvasive method for cancer detection for both research and clinical environments. Characteristic peaks, mostly due to different DNA/RNA ratio, nucleic acids, lipids and protein concentrations, allow for discerning the sensitive and resistant subtypes. We also explored principal component analysis (PCA) for resistant cell identification and classification. Sensitive and resistant cells form distinct clusters that can be defined using just two principal components. The identification of drug-resistant cells by confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy is thus proposed as a clinical tool to assess the development of resistance to glucocorticoids and proteasome inhibitors in myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Franco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Trusso
- Institute of Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Messina, Italy.
| | - Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery, Pathological Anatomy and Oncology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery, Pathological Anatomy and Oncology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Marco S Nicolò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore P P Guglielmino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy.
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11
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Early Prediction of Sepsis Incidence in Critically Ill Patients Using Specific Genetic Polymorphisms. Biochem Genet 2016; 55:193-203. [PMID: 27943002 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-016-9785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Several diagnostic methods for the evaluation and monitoring were used to find out the pro-inflammatory status, as well as incidence of sepsis in critically ill patients. One such recent method is based on investigating the genetic polymorphisms and determining the molecular and genetic links between them, as well as other sepsis-associated pathophysiologies. Identification of genetic polymorphisms in critical patients with sepsis can become a revolutionary method for evaluating and monitoring these patients. Similarly, the complications, as well as the high costs associated with the management of patients with sepsis, can be significantly reduced by early initiation of intensive care.
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12
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Bratu LM, Rogobete AF, Sandesc D, Bedreag OH, Tanasescu S, Nitu R, Popovici SE, Crainiceanu ZP. The Use of Redox Expression and Associated Molecular Damage to Evaluate the Inflammatory Response in Critically Ill Patient with Severe Burn. Biochem Genet 2016; 54:753-768. [PMID: 27465592 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-016-9763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The patient with severe burns always represents a challenge for the trauma team due to the severe biochemical and physiopathological disorders. Although there are many resuscitation protocols of severe burn patient, systemic inflammatory response, oxidative stress, decreased immune response, infections, and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes are still secondary complications of trauma, present at maximum intensity in this type of patients. Currently there are numerous studies regarding the evaluation, monitoring, and minimizing the side effects induced by free radicals through antioxidant therapy. In this study, we want to introduce biochemical and physiological aspects of oxidative stress in patients with severe burns and to summarize the biomarkers used presently in the intensive care units. Systemic inflammations and infections are according to the literature the most important causes of death in these type of patients, being directly involved in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Melania Bratu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandru Florin Rogobete
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania. .,Clinic of Aneshtesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital "Pius Brinzeu", Bd. Iosif Bulbuca nr.10, 300736, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Dorel Sandesc
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Clinic of Aneshtesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital "Pius Brinzeu", Bd. Iosif Bulbuca nr.10, 300736, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Horea Bedreag
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Clinic of Aneshtesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital "Pius Brinzeu", Bd. Iosif Bulbuca nr.10, 300736, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sonia Tanasescu
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Razvan Nitu
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sonia Elena Popovici
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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Han X, Wang Y, Chen H, Zhang J, Xu C, Li J, Li M. Enhancement of ICAM-1 via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:788-796. [PMID: 26997994 PMCID: PMC4774378 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), which is associated with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), results from damage to the pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs), which in turn leads to high levels of inflammatory cytokines that destroy PMVECs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying SAP-associated ALI (SAP-ALI) are currently not well understood. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) has been implicated in the persistent migration and accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages, which in turn has been associated with the increased permeability of microvascular endothelial cells. Signal transduction via the Janus kinase-2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) transcription factors has been shown to be involved in inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels of ICAM-1 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling components in a rat model of SAP-ALI. SAP was induced in the rat model, and dexamethasone (DEX) was administered to the treatment group. Subsequently, ICAM-1, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, JAK2, STAT3 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB mRNA expression levels were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; ICAM-1 protein expression levels were determined using western blotting; and IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels were measured via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, an immunohistochemical analysis of ICAM-1, NF-κB, JAK2 and STAT3 was conducted, and the protein expression and cell morphology of the lungs in all rats was analyzed. ICAM-1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly increased following induction of SAP, and were significantly decreased in the DEX-treated group. Furthermore, treatment with DEX significantly reduced serum expression levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α and decreased expression levels of NF-κB, JAK2 and STAT3 in the lung tissue, as compared with the untreated SAP group. The present study demonstrated that DEX treatment was able to suppress ICAM-1 mRNA and protein expression in a rat model of SAP-ALI via the inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-α-induced JAK2/STAT3 activation; thus suggesting that DEX treatment may be considered a potential strategy in the treatment of patients with SAP-ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Caiming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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14
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Jiang L, Xu L, Xie J, Li S, Guan Y, Zhang Y, Hou Z, Guo T, Shu X, Wang C, Fan W, Si Y, Yang Y, Kang Z, Fang M, Liu Q. Inhibition of autophagy overcomes glucocorticoid resistance in lymphoid malignant cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 16:466-76. [PMID: 25778879 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1016658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) resistance remains a major obstacle to successful treatment of lymphoid malignancies. Till now, the precise mechanism of GC resistance remains unclear. In the present study, dexamethasone (Dex) inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle in G0/G1-phase, and induced apoptosis in Dex-sensitive acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. However, Dex failed to cause cell death in Dex-resistant lymphoid malignant cells. Intriguingly, we found that autophagy was induced by Dex in resistant cells, as indicated by autophagosomes formation, LC3-I to LC3-II conversion, p62 degradation, and formation of acidic autophagic vacuoles. Moreover, the results showed that Dex reduced the activity of mTOR pathway, as determined by decreased phosphorylation levels of mTOR, Akt, P70S6K and 4E-BP1 in resistant cells. Inhibition of autophagy by either chloroquine (CQ) or 3-methyladenine (3-MA) overcame Dex-resistance in lymphoid malignant cells by increasing apoptotic cell death in vitro. Consistently, inhibition of autophagy by stably knockdown of Beclin1 sensitized Dex-resistant lymphoid malignant cells to induction of apoptosis in vivo. Thus, inhibition of autophagy has the potential to improve lymphoid malignancy treatment by overcoming GC resistance.
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Key Words
- 3-MA, 3-methyladenine
- CQ, chloroquine
- Dex, dexamethasone
- Dox, doxorubicin
- LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- MDC, monodansylcadaverine
- OCT, optimum cutting temperature
- Rapa, rapamycin; WST-8, 2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2, 4-disulfophenyl)-2H- tetrazolium, monosodium salt
- apoptosis
- autophagy
- dexamethasone
- glucocorticoid resistance
- lymphoid malignancy
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- a Institute of Cancer Stem Cell; Dalian Medical University; Dalian, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Cancer Center; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , China
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15
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Colombo M, Galletti S, Garavelli S, Platonova N, Paoli A, Basile A, Taiana E, Neri A, Chiaramonte R. Notch signaling deregulation in multiple myeloma: A rational molecular target. Oncotarget 2015; 6:26826-40. [PMID: 26308486 PMCID: PMC4694956 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances, multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable neoplasia due to intrinsic or acquired resistance to therapy. Myeloma cell localization in the bone marrow milieu allows direct interactions between tumor cells and non-tumor bone marrow cells which promote neoplastic cell growth, survival, bone disease, acquisition of drug resistance and consequent relapse. Twenty percent of MM patients are at high-risk of treatment failure as defined by tumor markers or presentation as plasma cell leukemia. Cumulative evidences indicate a key role of Notch signaling in multiple myeloma onset and progression. Unlike other Notch-related malignancies, where the majority of patients carry gain-of-function mutations in Notch pathway members, in MM cell Notch signaling is aberrantly activated due to an increased expression of Notch receptors and ligands; notably, this also results in the activation of Notch signaling in surrounding stromal cells which contributes to myeloma cell proliferation, survival and migration, as well as to bone disease and intrinsic and acquired pharmacological resistance. Here we review the last findings on the mechanisms and the effects of Notch signaling dysregulation in MM and provide a rationale for a therapeutic strategy aiming at inhibiting Notch signaling, along with a complete overview on the currently available Notch-directed approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Colombo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Galletti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano; Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Garavelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Natalia Platonova
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano; Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Basile
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Taiana
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano; Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano; Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Chiaramonte
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
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Suzuki K, Ogura M, Abe Y, Suzuki T, Tobinai K, Ando K, Taniwaki M, Maruyama D, Kojima M, Kuroda J, Achira M, Iizuka K. Phase 1 study in Japan of siltuximab, an anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody, in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Int J Hematol 2015; 101:286-94. [PMID: 25655379 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-015-1743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Siltuximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody with high affinity and specificity for interleukin-6, has been shown to enhance anti-multiple myeloma activity of bortezomib and corticosteroid in vitro. We evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and antitumor effect of siltuximab in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. This open-label, phase 1, dose-escalating study used two doses of siltuximab: 5.5 and 11.0 mg/kg (administered on day 1 of each 21-day cycle). In total, nine patients were treated. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events, lymphopenia (89 %) and thrombocytopenia (44 %), occurred in patients receiving both doses of siltuximab; however, no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed. Following intravenous administration of siltuximab at 5.5 and 11.0 mg/kg, the maximum serum concentration and the area under the curve from 0 to 21 days and from 0 to infinity increased in an approximately dose-proportional manner. Mean half-life, total systemic clearance, and volume of distribution were similar at doses of 5.5 and 11.0 mg/kg. Across both doses, six of the nine patients had complete or partial response (22 and 44 %, respectively). In conclusion, as no DLT was observed, the recommended dose for this combination is 11.0 mg/kg once every 3 weeks. The study is registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01309412.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Hiroo 4-1-22 Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 1508935, Japan,
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Redox Changes Induced by General Anesthesia in Critically Ill Patients with Multiple Traumas. Mol Biol Int 2015; 2015:238586. [PMID: 26693352 PMCID: PMC4674615 DOI: 10.1155/2015/238586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The critically ill polytrauma patient is a constant challenge for the trauma team due to the complexity of the complications presented. Intense inflammatory response and infections, as well as multiple organ dysfunctions, significantly increase the rate of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Moreover, due to the physiological and biochemical imbalances present in this type of patients, the bioproduction of free radicals is significantly accelerated, thus installing the oxidative stress. In the therapeutic management of such patients, multiple surgical interventions are required and therefore they are being subjected to repeated general anesthesia. In this paper, we want to present the pathophysiological implications of oxidative stress in critically ill patients with multiple traumas and the implications of general anesthesia on the redox mechanisms of the cell. We also want to summarize the antioxidant treatments able to reduce the intensity of oxidative stress by modulating the biochemical activity of some cellular mechanisms.
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