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Song M, Zhang T, Yang D, Xiao H, Wang H, Ye Q, Zhai Z. Chromosomal aberrations and prognostic analysis of secondary acute myeloid leukemia-a retrospective study. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15333. [PMID: 37214104 PMCID: PMC10194067 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (S-AML) patients generally have a poor prognosis, but the chromosomal aberrations of S-AML have been rarely reported. We aimed to explore the chromosomal aberrations and clinical significance in patients with S-AML. Patients and methods The clinical characteristics and karyotypes of 26 patients with S-AML were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival (OS) was measured from the time of the patients' transition to AML (i.e., at S-AML diagnosis). Results The study included 26 S-AML patients (13 males and 13 females), with a median age of 63 years (range, 20-77 years). They transformed from various hematologic malignancies or solid tumors; most of them were secondary to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). About 62% of the S-AML patients showed chromosomal aberrations. The serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in S-AML patients with abnormal karyotype was higher than those with normal karyotype. Apart from the differences in treatment regimens, S-AML patients with chromosomal aberrations had shorter OS (P < 0.05). Conclusion S-AML patients with abnormal karyotype have higher LDH levels and shorter OS than normal karyotype patients, and the OS of hypodiploidy was much shorter than hyperdiploid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Song
- Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Lu’an People’s Hospital), lu’an, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tun Zhang
- Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dongdong Yang
- Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qianling Ye
- Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Zhai
- Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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2
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Cīrulis A, Hansson B, Abbott JK. Sex-limited chromosomes and non-reproductive traits. BMC Biol 2022; 20:156. [PMID: 35794589 PMCID: PMC9261002 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex chromosomes are typically viewed as having originated from a pair of autosomes, and differentiated as the sex-limited chromosome (e.g. Y) has degenerated by losing most genes through cessation of recombination. While often thought that degenerated sex-limited chromosomes primarily affect traits involved in sex determination and sex cell production, accumulating evidence suggests they also influence traits not sex-limited or directly involved in reproduction. Here, we provide an overview of the effects of sex-limited chromosomes on non-reproductive traits in XY, ZW or UV sex determination systems, and discuss evolutionary processes maintaining variation at sex-limited chromosomes and molecular mechanisms affecting non-reproductive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aivars Cīrulis
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Bengt Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
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3
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Deletion of Y-chromosome before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in male recipients with female donors. Blood Adv 2022; 6:1895-1903. [PMID: 35108728 PMCID: PMC8941451 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Del(Y) before transplantation was significantly associated with disease relapse in female-to-male allo-HCT. A higher incidence of relapse in the del(Y) group might have been caused by attenuation of GVL due to a lack of H-Y antigens.
The graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect is one of the curative mechanisms of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). H-Y antigens, which are encoded by Y chromosome, are important targets of the GVL effect. Thus, deletion of the Y chromosome (del[Y]) might cause the GVL effect to deteriorate in a transplantation involving a female donor and male recipient, although the clinical significance of the del(Y) group remains to be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated adult male patients who underwent allo-HCT between 2010 and 2019 in Japan. There were 155 cases in the del(Y) group and 4149 cases without del(Y) who underwent female-to-male allo-HCT. Del(Y) was significantly associated with inferior overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.53; P = .049) and an increased risk of relapse (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.08-1.80; P = .0098) in multivariate analyses. There was no significant difference in nonrelapse mortality between recipients with and without del(Y) (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.769-1.51; P = .67). In contrast, del(Y) was not significantly associated with any clinical outcomes in the cohort of male-to-male allo-HCT. A higher incidence of relapse might have been caused by attenuation of the GVL effect resulting from a lack of H-Y antigens. Because a GVL effect resulting from sex mismatch may not be expected in men with del(Y) who undergo allo-HCT with a female donor, additional post–allo-HCT strategies might be required to prevent disease relapse.
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Cáceres A, Jene A, Esko T, Pérez-Jurado LA, González JR. Extreme Downregulation of Chromosome Y and Cancer Risk in Men. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 112:913-920. [PMID: 31945786 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the biological differences between sexes in cancer is essential for personalized treatment and prevention. We hypothesized that the extreme downregulation of chromosome Y gene expression (EDY) is a signature of cancer risk in men and the functional mediator of the reported association between the mosaic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) and cancer. METHODS We advanced a method to measure EDY from transcriptomic data. We studied EDY across 47 nondiseased tissues from the Genotype Tissue-Expression Project (n = 371) and its association with cancer status across 12 cancer studies from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 1774) and seven other studies (n = 7562). Associations of EDY with cancer status and presence of loss-off function mutations in chromosome X were tested with logistic regression models, and a Fisher's test was used to assess genome-wide association of EDY with the proportion of copy number gains. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS EDY was likely to occur in multiple nondiseased tissues (P < .001) and was statistically significantly associated with the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance pathway (false discovery rate = 0.028). EDY strongly associated with cancer risk in men (odds ratio [OR] = 3.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.58 to 8.46, P = .002), adjusted by LOY and age, and its variability was largely explained by several genes of the nonrecombinant region whose chromosome X homologs showed loss-of-function mutations that co-occurred with EDY during cancer (OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.32 to 6.01, P = .007). EDY associated with a high proportion of EGFR amplifications (OR = 5.64, 95% CI = 3.70 to 8.59, false discovery rate < 0.001) and EGFR overexpression along with SRY hypomethylation and nonrecombinant region hypermethylation, indicating alternative causes of EDY in cancer other than LOY. EDY associations were independently validated for different cancers and exposure to smoking, and its status was accurately predicted from individual methylation patterns. CONCLUSIONS EDY is a male-specific signature of cancer susceptibility that supports the escape from X-inactivation tumor suppressor hypothesis for genes that protect women compared with men from cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cáceres
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aina Jene
- Center for Genomics Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tonu Esko
- Estonian Genome Centre Science Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Luis A Pérez-Jurado
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques (IMIM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute & University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Juan R González
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Mathematics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Łysiak M, Smits A, Roodakker KR, Sandberg E, Dimberg A, Mudaisi M, Bratthäll C, Strandeus M, Milos P, Hallbeck M, Söderkvist P, Malmström A. Deletions on Chromosome Y and Downregulation of the SRY Gene in Tumor Tissue Are Associated with Worse Survival of Glioblastoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071619. [PMID: 33807423 PMCID: PMC8036637 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological causes of sex disparity seen in the prevalence of cancer, including glioblastoma (GBM), remain poorly understood. One of the considered aspects is the involvement of the sex chromosomes, especially loss of chromosome Y (LOY). METHODS Tumors from 105 isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild type male GBM patients were tested with droplet digital PCR for copy number changes of ten genes on chromosome Y. Decreased gene expression, a proxy of gene loss, was then analyzed in 225 IDH wild type GBM derived from TCGA and overall survival in both cohorts was tested with Kaplan-Meier log-rank analysis and maximally selected rank statistics for cut-off determination. RESULTS LOY was associated with significantly shorter overall survival (7 vs. 14.6 months, p = 0.0016), and among investigated individual genes survival correlated most prominently with loss of the sex-determining region Y gene (SRY) (10.8 vs. 14.8 months, p = 0.0031). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that epidermal growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and MYC proto-oncogene signaling pathways are associated with low SRY expression. CONCLUSION Our data show that deletions and reduced gene expression of chromosome Y genes, especially SRY, are associated with reduced survival of male GBM patients and connected to major susceptibility pathways of gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Łysiak
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; (M.M.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.Ł.); (P.S.)
| | - Anja Smits
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University, University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.R.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Kenney Roy Roodakker
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University, University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.R.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Elisabeth Sandberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University, University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.R.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Munila Mudaisi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; (M.M.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Department of Oncology in Linköping, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | - Peter Milos
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; (M.M.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Department of Neurosurgery in Linköping, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Hallbeck
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; (M.M.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Söderkvist
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; (M.M.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.Ł.); (P.S.)
| | - Annika Malmström
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; (M.M.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Department of Advanced Home Care, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
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6
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Ouseph MM, Hasserjian RP, Dal Cin P, Lovitch SB, Steensma DP, Nardi V, Weinberg OK. Genomic alterations in patients with somatic loss of the Y chromosome as the sole cytogenetic finding in bone marrow cells. Haematologica 2021; 106:555-564. [PMID: 32193254 PMCID: PMC7849577 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.240689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of the Y chromosome (LOY) is one of the most common somatic genomic alterations in hematopoietic cells in men. However, due to the high prevalence of LOY as the sole cytogenetic finding in the healthy older population, differentiating isolated LOY associated with clonal hematologic processes from aging-associated mosaicism can be difficult in the absence of definitive morphological features of disease. In the past, various investigators have proposed that a high percentage of metaphases with LOY is more likely to represent expansion of a clonal myeloid disease-associated population. It is unknown whether the proportion of metaphases with LOY is associated with the incidence of myeloid neoplasia-associated genomic alterations. To address this question, we identified bone marrow samples with LOY as an isolated cytogenetic finding and used targeted next generation sequencing-based molecular analysis to identify common myeloid neoplasia-associated somatic mutations. Among 73 patients with a median age of 75 years (range, 29-90), the percentage of metaphases with LOY was <25% in 23 patients, 25-49% in 10, 50-74% in 8 and ≥75% in 32. A threshold of ≥75% LOY was significantly associated with a morphological diagnosis of myeloid neoplasm (P=0.004). Furthermore, ≥75% LOY was associated with a higher lifetime incidence of a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) (P<0.0001), and in multivariate analysis ≥75% LOY was a statistically significant independent predictor of myeloid neoplasia (odds ratio 6.17; 95% confidence interval: 2.15-17.68; P=0.0007]. Higher LOY percentage (≥75%) was associated with greater likelihood of having somatic mutations (P=0.0009) and a higher number of these mutations (P=0.0002). Our findings indicate that ≥75% LOY in bone marrow cells is associated with an increased likelihood of molecular aberrations in genes commonly seen to be altered in myeloid neoplasia and with morphological features of MDS. These observations suggest that ≥75% LOY in bone marrow should be considered an MDS-associated cytogenetic aberration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu M Ouseph
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | - Paola Dal Cin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Scott B Lovitch
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - David P Steensma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Valentina Nardi
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Olga K Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children Hospital, Boston, USA
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7
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Büscheck F, Fraune C, Garmestani S, Simon R, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Ketterer K, Eichelberg C, Höflmayer D, Jacobsen F, Wittmer C, Wilczak W, Sauter G, Fisch M, Eichenauer T, Rink M. Y-chromosome loss is frequent in male renal tumors. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:209. [PMID: 33708836 PMCID: PMC7940894 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Loss of the Y-chromosome is a common event in different tumor types but its prevalence and clinical relevance in renal cell tumors is still not understood. Methods It was the aim of this study to estimate the frequency and clinical relevance of Y-loss in kidney neoplasms. A cohort of 1,252 male renal tumors was analyzed in a tissue microarray format by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). Results Y-loss was found in 47% of tumors. The frequency of this alteration varied markedly between kidney tumor subtypes. Y-loss was most prevalent in papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (77%) followed by chromophobe RCC (60%), oncocytoma (51%), clear cell RCC (39%) and clear cell (tubulo)papillary RCC (19%). Y-loss was linked to higher patient age and smaller tumor size at diagnosis. Mean age (95% CI) was 65 (64–66) years in patients with Y-loss in their tumor compared to 60 (58–61) years in patients without Y-loss (P<0.0001). Significant correlations between Y-loss and tumor phenotype were found only for papillary carcinomas (P=0.002), especially for type 1 (P=0.03). Conclusions Y-loss is present in different histologic subtypes of renal neoplasm. The highest frequency is in papillary RCC, where it may represent a potentially relevant prognostic biomarker suggesting favorable disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52 D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52 D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Seyedehmina Garmestani
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52 D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52 D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52 D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52 D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Ketterer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52 D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Eichelberg
- Clinic for Urology, Krankenhaus St. Josef, Landshuter Straße 65 D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52 D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52 D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52 D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52 D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52 D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Margit Fisch
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52 D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Eichenauer
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52 D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rink
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52 D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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