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Manivannan MS, Yang X, Patel N, Peters A, Johnston JB, Gibson SB. Lysosome-Disrupting Agents in Combination with Venetoclax Increase Apoptotic Response in Primary Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Cells Mediated by Lysosomal Cathepsin D Release and Inhibition of Autophagy. Cells 2024; 13:1041. [PMID: 38920669 PMCID: PMC11202145 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Venetoclax and obinutuzumab are becoming frontline therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Unfortunately, drug resistance still occurs, and the combination could be immunosuppressive. Lysosomes have previously been identified as a target for obinutuzumab cytotoxicity in CLL cells, but the mechanism remains unclear. In addition, studies have shown that lysosomotropic agents can cause synergistic cell death in vitro when combined with the BTK inhibitor, ibrutinib, in primary CLL cells. This indicates that targeting lysosomes could be a treatment strategy for CLL. In this study, we have shown that obinutuzumab induces lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) and cathepsin D release in CLL cells. Inhibition of cathepsins reduced obinutuzumab-induced cell death in CLL cells. We further determined that the lysosomotropic agent siramesine in combination with venetoclax increased cell death in primary CLL cells through an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cathepsin release. Siramesine treatment also induced synergistic cytotoxicity when combined with venetoclax. Microenvironmental factors IL4 and CD40L or incubation with HS-5 stromal cells failed to significantly protect CLL cells from siramesine- and venetoclax-induced apoptosis. We also found that siramesine treatment inhibited autophagy through reduced autolysosomes. Finally, the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine failed to further increase siramesine-induced cell death. Taken together, lysosome-targeting drugs could be an effective strategy in combination with venetoclax to overcome drug resistance in CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Lysosomes/metabolism
- Lysosomes/drug effects
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Cathepsin D/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Drug Synergism
- Cell Line, Tumor
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita S. Manivannan
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (M.S.M.); (X.Y.); (N.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (M.S.M.); (X.Y.); (N.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Nirav Patel
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (M.S.M.); (X.Y.); (N.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Anthea Peters
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (M.S.M.); (X.Y.); (N.P.); (A.P.)
- Cross Cancer Institute, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5J 3E4, Canada
| | - James B. Johnston
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Hematologist/Oncologist, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Spencer B. Gibson
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (M.S.M.); (X.Y.); (N.P.); (A.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, USA
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Chen B, Zhao Y, Xu S, Jiang F, Nie Y, Tang A, Zhou Q. USF2 promotes autophagy and proliferation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by inhibiting STUB1-induced NFAT5 ubiquitination. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:533-544. [PMID: 37950051 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05522-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) mainly affects the health of older adults and is difficult to cure. Upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) has been implicated in several diseases and conditions including cancers. However, the effect of USF2 on CLL has not been elucidated. To investigate the effect of USP2 on proliferation and autophagy of CLL, and to explore the underlying mechanism. The mRNA of USF2 and STIP1 homology and U-Box containing protein 1 (STUB1) was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Western blots were used to evaluate the expression level of USF2, LC3II, Beclin-1, P62, STUB1, and NFAT5. The cell proliferation was evaluated using CCK-8 and EdU assays. The cell apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry. Indirect fluorescent assay (IFA) was performed to analyze LC3 signal. Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) ubiquitination was detected using immunoprecipitation (IP) assay. The CLL progression was evaluated in xenotransplantation model of nude mice. USF2 was highly expressed in CLL tissues and cell lines. USF2 knockdown suppressed the cell viability and EdU incorporation, while promoting cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, USF2 knockdown reduced the level of LC3II and Beclin-1, but increased P62, illustrating USF2 knockdown inhibiting autophagy. USF2 induced NFAT5 ubiquitination and promoted NFAT5 protein level via repressing STUB1. The downregulation of USF2 weakened CLL progression in xenotransplantation model of nude mice. CLL survival and autophagy was dependent on highly expressed USF2 which promoted the expression and ubiquitination of NFAT5 through inhibiting the transcription of STUB1, which makes USF2 a promising therapeutic candidate for CLL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beili Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No. 15, Lequn Road, Xiufeng District, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yanyi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Shujuan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No. 15, Lequn Road, Xiufeng District, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Fang Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No. 15, Lequn Road, Xiufeng District, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuwei Nie
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No. 15, Lequn Road, Xiufeng District, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Ailin Tang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No. 15, Lequn Road, Xiufeng District, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No. 15, Lequn Road, Xiufeng District, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
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3
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Kopeina GS, Zhivotovsky B. The New Face of Autophagy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5279. [PMID: 37958450 PMCID: PMC10650888 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) mainly afflicts adults and accounts for 25% of all new leukemia cases [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelina S. Kopeina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, P.O. Box 210, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Torres-López L, Dobrovinskaya O. Dissecting the Role of Autophagy-Related Proteins in Cancer Metabolism and Plasticity. Cells 2023; 12:2486. [PMID: 37887330 PMCID: PMC10605719 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of autophagy as an anticancer strategy has been widely studied and evaluated in several cell models. However, little attention has been paid to the metabolic changes that occur in a cancer cell when autophagy is inhibited or induced. In this review, we describe how the expression and regulation of various autophagy-related (ATGs) genes and proteins are associated with cancer progression and cancer plasticity. We present a comprehensive review of how deregulation of ATGs affects cancer cell metabolism, where inhibition of autophagy is mainly reflected in the enhancement of the Warburg effect. The importance of metabolic changes, which largely depend on the cancer type and form part of a cancer cell's escape strategy after autophagy modulation, is emphasized. Consequently, pharmacological strategies based on a dual inhibition of metabolic and autophagy pathways emerged and are reviewed critically here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Torres-López
- Laboratory of Immunology and Ionic Transport Regulation, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Colima, Av. 25 de Julio #965, Villas de San Sebastián, Colima 28045, Mexico;
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Maffeo B, Panuzzo C, Moraca A, Cilloni D. A Leukemic Target with a Thousand Faces: The Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13069. [PMID: 37685874 PMCID: PMC10487524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of personalized medicine greatly improved by molecular diagnosis and tailor-made therapies, the survival rate of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at 5 years remains unfortunately low. Indeed, the high heterogeneity of AML clones with distinct metabolic and molecular profiles allows them to survive the chemotherapy-induced changes, thus leading to resistance, clonal evolution, and relapse. Moreover, leukemic stem cells (LSCs), the quiescent reservoir of residual disease, can persist for a long time and activate the recurrence of disease, supported by significant metabolic differences compared to AML blasts. All these points highlight the relevance to develop combination therapies, including metabolism inhibitors to improve treatment efficacy. In this review, we summarized the metabolic differences in AML blasts and LSCs, the molecular pathways related to mitochondria and metabolism are druggable and targeted in leukemia therapies, with a distinct interest for Venetoclax, which has revolutionized the therapeutic paradigms of several leukemia subtype, unfit for intensive treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (B.M.); (A.M.); (D.C.)
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Autophagy in Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205072. [PMID: 36291856 PMCID: PMC9600546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Autophagy is a dynamic and tightly regulated process that seems to have dual effects in cancer. In some contexts, it can induce carcinogenesis and promote cancer cell survival, whereas in others, it acts preventing tumor cell growth and tumor progression. Thus, autophagy functions seem to strictly depend on cancer ontogenesis, progression, and type. Here, we will dive into the current knowledge of autophagy in hematological malignancies and will highlight the main genetic components involved in each cancer type. Abstract Autophagy is a highly conserved metabolic pathway via which unwanted intracellular materials, such as unfolded proteins or damaged organelles, are digested. It is activated in response to conditions of oxidative stress or starvation, and is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and other vital functions, such as differentiation, cell death, and the cell cycle. Therefore, autophagy plays an important role in the initiation and progression of tumors, including hematological malignancies, where damaged autophagy during hematopoiesis can cause malignant transformation and increase cell proliferation. Over the last decade, the importance of autophagy in response to standard pharmacological treatment of hematological tumors has been observed, revealing completely opposite roles depending on the tumor type and stage. Thus, autophagy can promote tumor survival by attenuating the cellular damage caused by drugs and/or stabilizing oncogenic proteins, but can also have an antitumoral effect due to autophagic cell death. Therefore, autophagy-based strategies must depend on the context to create specific and safe combination therapies that could contribute to improved clinical outcomes. In this review, we describe the process of autophagy and its role on hematopoiesis, and we highlight recent research investigating its role as a potential therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. The findings suggest that genetic variants within autophagy-related genes modulate the risk of developing hemopathies, as well as patient survival.
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Bai Z, Peng Y, Ye X, Liu Z, Li Y, Ma L. Autophagy and cancer treatment: four functional forms of autophagy and their therapeutic applications. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:89-101. [PMID: 35187884 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Drugs play a pivotal role in cancer treatment, but the complex biological processes of cancer cells seriously limit the efficacy of various anticancer drugs. Autophagy, a self-degradative system that maintains cellular homeostasis, universally operates under normal and stress conditions in cancer cells. The roles of autophagy in cancer treatment are still controversial because both stimulation and inhibition of autophagy have been reported to enhance the effects of anticancer drugs. Thus, the important question arises as to whether we should try to strengthen or suppress autophagy during cancer therapy. Currently, autophagy can be divided into four main forms according to its different functions during cancer treatment: cytoprotective (cell survival), cytotoxic (cell death), cytostatic (growth arrest), and nonprotective (no contribution to cell death or survival). In addition, various cell death modes, such as apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, all contribute to the anticancer effects of drugs. The interaction between autophagy and these cell death modes is complex and can lead to anticancer drugs having different or even completely opposite effects on treatment. Therefore, it is important to understand the underlying contexts in which autophagy inhibition or activation will be beneficial or detrimental. That is, appropriate therapeutic strategies should be adopted in light of the different functions of autophagy. This review provides an overview of recent insights into the evolving relationship between autophagy and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshi Bai
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yaling Peng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xinyue Ye
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhixian Liu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yupeng Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lingman Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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8
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Feizi F, Allahbakhshian Farsani M, Mirzaeian A, Takhviji V, Hajifathali A, Hossein Mohammadi M. Triangle collaboration assessment of autophagy, ER stress and hypoxia in leukemogenesis: a bright perspective on the molecular recognition of B-ALL. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:285-289. [PMID: 31328564 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1635163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common acute leukemia in childhood and adults, which caused by many various crystalline and unclear agents. Owning to this matter, no significant progress has been made in the patients-recovery. Recently, autophagy pathway is considered as an ambiguous agent in leukemia evaluation. We aim to discover the expression levels of upstream autophagy-regulating genes in newly diagnosed B-ALL patients. In B-ALL group, BECN1, HIF1A and ERN1 expressions were significantly down-regulated, while BCL2 expression was up-regulated compared to the control group (p < .05). Moreover, there was significant positive correlation between the decreased BECN1 compared with Hypoxia and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes expression in the patients (p < .05). Our findings revealed that, ERN1 and ER stress pathway-related genes could be effective regulators of autophagy in B-ALL. More investigation is recommended to gain a deeper understanding into molecular pathophysiology of B-ALL to improve treatment and monitoring approaches in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Feizi
- Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Allahbakhshian Farsani
- HSCT Research Center, Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mirzaeian
- HSCT Research Center, Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahide Takhviji
- Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Hajifathali
- HSCT Research Center, Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- HSCT Research Center, Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chidamide, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, inhibits autophagy and exhibits therapeutic implication in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16083-16098. [PMID: 32855355 PMCID: PMC7485718 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Novel agents have made the management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) more promising and personalized. However, long-term treatment is still warranted which may result in toxicity and resistance. Thus, new combination therapy may help achieve deeper remission and limited-duration therapy. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) can affect many tumors by modulating key biological functions including autophagy. Studies have shown that some novel targeted agents including ibrutinib induce autophagy. This study aimed to explore the effect of oral HDAC inhibitor, chidamide, on CLL cells as well as the role of autophagy in this process. Here, we showed that autophagy flux in CLL cells was inhibited by chidamide via post-transcriptional modulation and chidamide had cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on CLL cells. Besides, the pro-survival role of autophagy in CLL cells was validated by using autophagy inhibitor and knocking down critical autophagy gene. Notably, a combination of chidamide and ibrutinib showed significant synergism and downregulated ibrutinib-induced autophagy. This work highlights the therapeutic potential of chidamide via its effect on autophagy, especially in combination with ibrutinib.
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Smith LD, Minton AR, Blunt MD, Karydis LI, Dutton DA, Rogers-Broadway KR, Dobson R, Liu R, Norster F, Hogg E, Ashton-Key M, Strefford JC, Jia L, Efremov DG, Helgason GV, Johnson PWM, Stevenson FK, Forconi F, Cragg MS, Tumbarello DA, Packham G, Steele AJ. BCR signaling contributes to autophagy regulation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2020; 34:640-644. [PMID: 31462734 PMCID: PMC6995694 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D Smith
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Annabel R Minton
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Matthew D Blunt
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Laura I Karydis
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - David A Dutton
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Karly-Rai Rogers-Broadway
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rachel Dobson
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rena Liu
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Faith Norster
- Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth Hogg
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Margaret Ashton-Key
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Southampton University Hospital Trust, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jonathan C Strefford
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Li Jia
- Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Dimitar G Efremov
- Molecular Hematology Unit, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Vignir Helgason
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Peter W M Johnson
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Freda K Stevenson
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Francesco Forconi
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - David A Tumbarello
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Andrew J Steele
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Dapas B, Pozzato G, Zorzet S, Capolla S, Macor P, Scaggiante B, Coan M, Guerra C, Gnan C, Gattei V, Zanconati F, Grassi G. Effects of eEF1A1 targeting by aptamer/siRNA in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. Int J Pharm 2020; 574:118895. [PMID: 31862491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common leukemia in Western countries adults, can be improved via a deeper understanding of its molecular abnormalities. Whereas the isoforms of the eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A1 and eEF1A2) are implicated in different tumors, no information are available in CLL. METHODS eEF1A1/eEF1A2 amounts were quantitated in the lymphocytes of 46 CLL patients vs normal control (real time PCR, western blotting). eEF1A1 role in CLL was investigated in a cellular (MEC-1) and animal model of CLL via its targeting by an aptamer (GT75) or a siRNA (siA1) delivered by electroporation (in vitro) or lipofection (in vivo). RESULTS eEF1A1/eEF1A2 were elevated in CLL lymphocytes vs control. eEF1A1 but not eEF1A2 levels were higher in patients which died during the study compared to those surviving. eEF1A1 targeting (GT75/siA1) resulted in MEC-1 viability reduction/autophagy stimulation and in vivo tumor growth down-regulation. CONCLUSIONS The increase of eEF1A1 in dead vs surviving patients may confer to eEF1A1 the role of a prognostic marker for CLL and possibly of a therapeutic target, given its involvement in MEC-1 survival. Specific aptamer/siRNA released by optimized delivery systems may allow the development of novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Dapas
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pozzato
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sonia Zorzet
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Capolla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Macor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Bruna Scaggiante
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Coan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Guerra
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Gnan
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - "IRCCS Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria, 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, I.R.C.C.S., Via Franco Gallini, 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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Arroyo DS, Rodriguez CM, Bussi C, Manzone-Rodriguez C, Sastre D, Heller V, Stanganelli C, Slavutsky I, Iribarren P. Increased Expression of Autophagy Protein LC3 in Two Patients With Progressing Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:321. [PMID: 32774323 PMCID: PMC7388238 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of adult leukemia in the western hemisphere. It is characterized by a clonal proliferation of a population of CD5+ B lymphocytes that accumulate in the secondary lymphoid tissues, bone marrow, and blood. Some CLL patients remain free of symptoms for decades, whereas others rapidly become symptomatic or develop high-risk disease. Studying autophagy, which may modulate key protein expression and cell survival, may be important to the search for novel prognostic factors and molecules. Here, we applied flow cytometry technology to simultaneously detect autophagy protein LC3B with classical phenotypical markers used for the identification of tumoral CLL B cell clones. We found that two patients with progressing CLL showed increased expression of the autophagy protein LC3B, in addition to positive expression of CD38 and ZAP70 and unmutated status of IGHV. Our data suggest that activation of autophagy flux may correlate with CLL progression even before Ibrutinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S. Arroyo
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cecilia M. Rodriguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Clarisa Manzone-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Darío Sastre
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana Heller
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carmen Stanganelli
- Patología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irma Slavutsky
- Laboratorio de Genética de Neoplasias Linfoides, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Iribarren
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Pablo Iribarren
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Romero-Macías JR, Pascual-Serra R, Roche O, Ruiz-Marcos F, Serrano-Martínez A, González-Aguado P, Belandia B, Ruiz-Hidalgo MJ, Sánchez-Prieto R. Blockage of autophagic flux is associated with lymphocytosis and higher percentage of tumoral cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B cells. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 21:1280-1285. [PMID: 30680609 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autophagy has lately emerged as an important biological process with implications in several hematological pathologies. Recently, a growing body of evidence supports a putative role of autophagy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia; however, no definitive clue has been established so far. To elucidate this issue, we have developed a pilot study to measure autophagic flux in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients, and explored its correlation with classical clinical/analytical parameters. METHODS/PATIENTS Thirty-three chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients participated in the study. Autophagic flux in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was determined by western blot measuring the levels of the proteins p62 and lipidated LC3. Moreover, p62 mRNA levels were analyzed by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Lymphocytosis and the percentage of tumoral lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients statistically correlate with a blocked autophagic flux. CONCLUSION Alterations in autophagic flux could play an important role in the physiopathology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-R Romero-Macías
- Servicio de Hematología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006, Albacete, Spain.,Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - R Pascual-Serra
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - O Roche
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain.,Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina CSIC-UCLM, 02006, Albacete, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - F Ruiz-Marcos
- Servicio de Hematología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - A Serrano-Martínez
- Servicio de Hematología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - P González-Aguado
- Servicio de Hematología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - B Belandia
- Lab. 1.5.2, Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina CSIC-UCLM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M-J Ruiz-Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain.,Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina CSIC-UCLM, 02006, Albacete, Spain.,Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - R Sánchez-Prieto
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain. .,Lab. 1.5.2, Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina CSIC-UCLM, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Ianniciello A, Rattigan KM, Helgason GV. The Ins and Outs of Autophagy and Metabolism in Hematopoietic and Leukemic Stem Cells: Food for Thought. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:120. [PMID: 30320108 PMCID: PMC6169402 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovered over fifty years ago, autophagy is a double-edged blade. On one hand, it regulates cellular energy sources by "cannibalization" of its own cellular components, feeding on proteins and other unused cytoplasmic factors. On the other, it is a recycling process that removes dangerous waste from the cytoplasm keeping the cell clean and healthy. Failure of the autophagic machinery is translated in dysfunction of the immune response, in aging, and in the progression of pathologies such as Parkinson disease, diabetes, and cancer. Further investigation identified autophagy with a protective role in specific types of cancer, whereas in other cases it can promote tumorigenesis. Evidence shows that treatment with chemotherapeutics can upregulate autophagy in order to maintain a stable intracellular environment promoting drug resistance and cell survival. Leukemia, a blood derived cancer, represents one of the malignancies in which autophagy is responsible for drug treatment failure. Inhibition of autophagy is becoming a strategic target for leukemic stem cell (LSC) eradication. Interestingly, the latest findings demonstrate that LSCs show higher levels of mitochondrial metabolism compared to normal stem cells. With this review, we aim to explore the links between autophagy and metabolism in the hematopoietic system, with special focus on primitive LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G. Vignir Helgason
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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