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Kim Y, Kim EK, Chey Y, Song MJ, Jang HH. Targeted Protein Degradation: Principles and Applications of the Proteasome. Cells 2023; 12:1846. [PMID: 37508510 PMCID: PMC10378610 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is a multi-catalytic protease complex that is involved in protein quality control via three proteolytic activities (i.e., caspase-, trypsin-, and chymotrypsin-like activities). Most cellular proteins are selectively degraded by the proteasome via ubiquitination. Moreover, the ubiquitin-proteasome system is a critical process for maintaining protein homeostasis. Here, we briefly summarize the structure of the proteasome, its regulatory mechanisms, proteins that regulate proteasome activity, and alterations to proteasome activity found in diverse diseases, chemoresistant cells, and cancer stem cells. Finally, we describe potential therapeutic modalities that use the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosup Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoona Chey
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Hee Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Amatuni A, Shuster A, Abegg D, Adibekian A, Renata H. Comprehensive Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Cepafungin Enabled by Biocatalytic C-H Oxidations. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:239-251. [PMID: 36844499 PMCID: PMC9951290 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The cepafungins are a class of highly potent and selective eukaryotic proteasome inhibitor natural products with potential to treat refractory multiple myeloma and other cancers. The structure-activity relationship of the cepafungins is not fully understood. This Article chronicles the development of a chemoenzymatic approach to cepafungin I. A failed initial route involving derivatization of pipecolic acid prompted us to examine the biosynthetic pathway for the production of 4-hydroxylysine, which culminated in the development of a 9-step synthesis of cepafungin I. An alkyne-tagged analogue enabled chemoproteomic studies of cepafungin and comparison of its effects on global protein expression in human multiple myeloma cells to the clinical drug bortezomib. A preliminary series of analogues elucidated critical determinants of potency in proteasome inhibition. Herein we report the chemoenzymatic syntheses of 13 additional analogues of cepafungin I guided by a proteasome-bound crystal structure, 5 of which are more potent than the natural product. The lead analogue was found to have 7-fold greater proteasome β5 subunit inhibitory activity and has been evaluated against several multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma cell lines in comparison to the clinical drug bortezomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Amatuni
- Skaggs
Doctoral Program in the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps
Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Anton Shuster
- Skaggs
Doctoral Program in the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps
Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United
States
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United
States
| | - Hans Renata
- Department
of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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3
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Ambrosio FA, Costa G, Gallo Cantafio ME, Torcasio R, Trapasso F, Alcaro S, Viglietto G, Amodio N. Natural Agents as Novel Potential Source of Proteasome Inhibitors with Anti-Tumor Activity: Focus on Multiple Myeloma. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031438. [PMID: 36771100 PMCID: PMC9919276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an aggressive and incurable disease for most patients, characterized by periods of treatment, remission and relapse. The introduction of new classes of drugs, such as proteasome inhibitors (PIs), has improved survival outcomes in these patient populations. The proteasome is the core of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), a complex and conserved pathway involved in the control of multiple cellular processes, including cell cycle control, transcription, DNA damage repair, protein quality control and antigen presentation. To date, PIs represent the gold standard for the treatment of MM. Bortezomib was the first PI approved by the FDA, followed by next generation of PIs, namely carfilzomib and ixazomib. Natural agents play an important role in anti-tumor drug discovery, and many of them have recently been reported to inhibit the proteasome, thus representing a new potential source of anti-MM drugs. Based on the pivotal biological role of the proteasome and on PIs' significance in the management of MM, in this review we aim to briefly summarize recent evidence on natural compounds capable of inhibiting the proteasome, thus triggering anti-MM activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Alessandra Ambrosio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Campus “S. Venuta”, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (N.A.)
| | - Maria Eugenia Gallo Cantafio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Campus “S. Venuta”, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Torcasio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Campus “S. Venuta”, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Campus “S. Venuta”, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Associazione CRISEA—Centro di Ricerca e Servizi Avanzati per l’Innovazione Rurale, Loc. Condoleo, 88055 Belcastro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Campus “S. Venuta”, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Campus “S. Venuta”, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (N.A.)
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Evaluation of the Antifungal Activities of Photorhabdus akhurstii and Its Secondary Metabolites against Phytopathogenic Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040403. [PMID: 35448634 PMCID: PMC9027565 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a phytopathogenic fungus that causes devastating losses in strawberries without effective countermeasures. Members of the genus Photorhabdus exhibit antimicrobial capability and have been found to have the potential for use as biocontrol agents against C. gloeosporioides. Photorhabdus species exhibit two phase variations with a differentiated composition of secondary metabolites designated to each phase. In this study, Photorhabdus akhurstii sp. nov. 0813-124 exhibited phase I (PL1) and phase II (PL2); however, only PL1 displayed distinct inhibition of C. gloeosporioides in the confrontation assay. We identified the bioactive ingredients of P. akhurstii sp. nov. 0813-124 to be glidobactin A and cepafungin I, with MIC values lower than 1.5 and 2.0 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, we revealed the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of corresponding bioactive molecules through genomics analysis and determined its expression level in PL1 and PL2. The expression of glidobactin BGC in PL1 increased rapidly within 24 h, while PL2 was eventually stimulated after 60 h. In summary, we demonstrated that P. akhurstii sp. nov. 0813-124 could potentially be used as a biocontrol agent or part of a natural product repertoire for combating C. gloeosporioides.
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Tandon V, Vala R, Chen A, Sah R, Patel H, Pirrung M, Banerjee S. Syrbactin-class dual constitutive- and immuno-proteasome inhibitor TIR-199 impedes myeloma-mediated bone degeneration in vivo. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20212721. [PMID: 35088066 PMCID: PMC8837819 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome-addicted neoplastic malignancies present a considerable refractory and relapsed phenotype with patients exhibiting drug resistance and high mortality rates. To counter this global problem, novel proteasome-based therapies are being developed. In the current study, we extensively characterize TIR-199, a syrbactin-class proteasome inhibitor derived from a plant virulence factor of bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae. We report that TIR-199 is a potent constitutive and immunoproteasome inhibitor, capable of inducing cell death in multiple myeloma, triple-negative breast cancer, (TNBC) and non-small cell lung cancer lines. TIR-199 also effectively inhibits the proteasome in primary myeloma cells of patients, and bypasses the PSMB5 A49T+A50V bortezomib-resistant mutant. TIR-199 treatment leads to accumulation of canonical proteasome substrates in cells, it is specific, and does not inhibit 50 other enzymes tested in vitro. The drug exhibits synergistic cytotoxicity in combination with proteasome-activating kinase DYRK2 inhibitor LDN192960. Furthermore, low-doses of TIR-199 exhibits in vivo activity by delaying myeloma-mediated bone degeneration in a mouse xenograft model. Together, our data indicates that proteasome inhibitor TIR-199 could indeed be a promising next-generation drug within the repertoire of proteasome-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Tandon
- Department of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K
| | - Ruturajsinh M. Vala
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120, Gujarat, India
| | - Albert Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Robert L. Sah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Hitendra M. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120, Gujarat, India
| | - Michael C. Pirrung
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
| | - Sourav Banerjee
- Department of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K
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Zheng Z, Lin K. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of ixazomib and lenalidomide combined with dexamethasone in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:5248-5255. [PMID: 34150115 PMCID: PMC8205687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy and safety of ixazomib and lenalidomide combined with dexamethasone (DXMS) in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS A total of 80 patients with newly diagnosed MM were randomly divided into the ID group (ixazomib + DXMS, n=40) and the RD group (lenalidomide + DXMS, n=40). All patients were given DXMS orally on the 1st, 8th, 15th, and 22nd day of the treatment cycle (20 mg each time). The patients in the ID group also received 4 mg of ixazomib citrate capsules orally on the 1st, 8th, and 15th day of the treatment cycle, whereas those in the RD group received 25 mg of lenalidomide capsules orally from the 1st to the 21st day of the treatment cycle continuously. The primary outcome measure was progression-free survival (PFS) within 5 years, and the secondary outcome measures were overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), quality of life, and safety. RESULTS The median PFS and median OS in the ID group were similar to those in the RD group (30.03 and 50.21 months vs. 25.04 and 46.33 months, both P>0.05). The ID group had higher complete remission rate (13 cases vs. 5 cases, P<0.05), but similar ORR compared with the RD group (90.00% vs. 82.50%, P>0.05). After treatment, the pain intensity assessed by Numeric Rating Scale and the functional impairment measured by Karnofsky Performance Status Scale of the two groups were both relieved (both P<0.001), and no intergroup differences in these two markers were observed (both P>0.05). The incidence of grade 1-2 peripheral neuropathy in the ID group was higher than that in the RD group (30.00% vs. 20.00%, P=0.032). There were no differences in other adverse reactions between the two groups (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION Compared with the combination of lenalidomide and DXMS, ixazomib combined with DXMS can achieve higher complete remission rate and more improved PFS and OS in patients with newly diagnosed MM, which is a safe and effective method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipan Zheng
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hubei Hanchuan People’s HospitalHanchuan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kai Lin
- Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery, Hubei Hanchuan People’s HospitalHanchuan, Hubei Province, China
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Hubbell GE, Tepe JJ. Natural product scaffolds as inspiration for the design and synthesis of 20S human proteasome inhibitors. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:305-332. [PMID: 33791679 PMCID: PMC8009326 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00111b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 20S proteasome is a valuable target for the treatment of a number of diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and parasitic infection. In an effort to discover novel inhibitors of the 20S proteasome, many reseaarchers have looked to natural products as potential leads for drug discovery. The following review discusses the efforts made in the field to isolate and identify natural products as inhibitors of the proteasome. In addition, we describe some of the modifications made to natural products in order to discover more potent and selective inhibitors for potential disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E. Hubbell
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48823USA
| | - Jetze J. Tepe
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48823USA
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Behl T, Chadha S, Sachdeva M, Kumar A, Hafeez A, Mehta V, Bungau S. Ubiquitination in rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci 2020; 261:118459. [PMID: 32961230 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, inflammatory joint disease leading to inflammation of synovial membrane that lines the joints. This inflammation further progresses and results in destruction of joints and surrounding cartilages. The underlying factors can be oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory mediators, imbalance and attenuation between various enzymes and proteins (like nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2/Nrf2 and ubiquitin). Protein degradation pathways comprises of lysosomal, proteasomal pathway, and autophagosome (that are carried out in mammalian cells) are regulated through ubiquitin. Ubiquitin proteasomal system is dominating pathway for carrying out non-lysosomal proteolysis of intracellularly proteins. Fundamental processes including cell cycle progression, process of division, apoptosis, modulation of immune responses and cell trafficking are regulated by process of ubiquitination. Ubiquitin proteasomal pathway (UPP) includes ubiquitin moieties which are covalently attached to proteins and guides them proteasome for degradation. Misfolded, oxidized and damaged proteins which are responsible for critical processes, are major targets of degradation process. Any alteration in this system leads to dysregulated cellular homeostasis; progressively leading to numerous diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. Factors including TAK1, TRAF6 undergo are required for the progression of disease and thus contributes towards pathology of inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. This review will include all linked aspects which contribute its major role in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Swati Chadha
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Fatima College of Health Sciences, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Ditt. Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Schultz CR, Gruhlke MC, Slusarenko AJ, Bachmann AS. Allicin, a Potent New Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitor in Neuroblastoma Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2518-2527. [PMID: 32786875 PMCID: PMC9162488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The natural product allicin is a reactive sulfur species (RSS) from garlic (Allium sativum L.). Neuroblastoma (NB) is an early childhood cancer arising from the developing peripheral nervous system. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines, which are oncometabolites that contribute to cell proliferation in NB and other c-MYC/MYCN-driven cancers. Both c-MYC and MYCN directly transactivate the E-box gene ODC1, a validated anticancer drug target. We identified allicin as a potent ODC inhibitor in a specific radioactive in vitro assay using purified human ODC. Allicin was ∼23 000-fold more potent (IC50 = 11 nM) than DFMO (IC50 = 252 μM), under identical in vitro assay conditions. ODC is a homodimer with 12 cysteines per monomer, and allicin reversibly S-thioallylates cysteines. In actively proliferating human NB cells allicin inhibited ODC enzyme activity, reduced cellular polyamine levels, inhibited cell proliferation (IC50 9-19 μM), and induced apoptosis. The natural product allicin is a new ODC inhibitor and could be developed for use in conjunction with other anticancer treatments, the latter perhaps at a lower than usual dosage, to achieve drug synergism with good prognosis and reduced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R. Schultz
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Martin C.H. Gruhlke
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alan J. Slusarenko
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Corresponding Authors: André S. Bachmann, Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave, NW, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA. Tel: +616-234-2841, or Alan J. Slusarenko, Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. Tel: +49-241-80-266-50,
| | - André S. Bachmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Corresponding Authors: André S. Bachmann, Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave, NW, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA. Tel: +616-234-2841, or Alan J. Slusarenko, Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. Tel: +49-241-80-266-50,
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