1
|
Denisenko Y, Novgorodtseva T, Antonyuk M, Yurenko A, Gvozdenko T, Kasyanov S, Ermolenko E, Sultanov R. 1- O-alkyl-glycerols from Squid Berryteuthis magister Reduce Inflammation and Modify Fatty Acid and Plasmalogen Metabolism in Asthma Associated with Obesity. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:351. [PMID: 37367676 DOI: 10.3390/md21060351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma associated with obesity is considered the most severe phenotype and can be challenging to manage with standard medications. Marine-derived 1-O-alkyl-glycerols (AGs), as precursors for plasmalogen synthesis, have high biological activity, making them a promising substance for pharmacology. This study aimed to investigate the effect of AGs from squid Berryteuthis magister on lung function, fatty acid and plasmalogen levels, and cytokine and adipokine production in obese patients with asthma. The investigational trial included 19 patients with mild asthma associated with obesity who received 0.4 g of AGs daily for three months in addition to their standard treatment. The effects of AGs were evaluated at one and three months of treatment. The results of the study demonstrated that intake of AGs increased the FEV1 and FEV1/VC ratios, and significantly decreased the ACQ score in 17 of the 19 patients after three months of treatment. The intake of AGs increased concentration of plasmalogen and n-3 PUFA in plasma, and modified leptin/adiponectin production by adipose tissue. The supplementation of AGs decreased the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-17a), and oxylipins (TXB2 and LTB4), suggesting an anti-inflammatory property of AGs. In conclusion, 1-O-alkyl-glycerols could be a promising dietary supplement for improving pulmonary function and reducing inflammation in obese asthma patients, and a natural source for plasmalogen synthesis. The study highlighted that the beneficial effects of AG consumption can be observed after one month of treatment, with gradual improvement after three months of supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Denisenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, 690105 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatyana Novgorodtseva
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, 690105 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Marina Antonyuk
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, 690105 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alla Yurenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, 690105 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatyana Gvozdenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, 690105 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Sergey Kasyanov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology (Far Eastern Branch), Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Ermolenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology (Far Eastern Branch), Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ruslan Sultanov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology (Far Eastern Branch), Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alkyl Glycerol Ethers as Adaptogens. Mar Drugs 2022; 21:md21010004. [PMID: 36662177 PMCID: PMC9862039 DOI: 10.3390/md21010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Τhis mini-review summarizes the hematopoietic and immunostimulating properties of alkyl glycerol ethers (AGs) reported earlier in the literature available to us. The role of AGs in the nervous system and aging of the body are also briefly described. We made an attempt to consider the data in terms of adaptation. The hematopoietic, immunostimulating and antioxidant properties of AGs in a variety of experimental situations, including stress, as well as the protective action of AGs against some adaptation diseases, allow us to consider them as substances that prevent some negative effects of stress and promote adaptation. The new approach to AGs as adaptogens seems promising and opens good opportunities for their new application.
Collapse
|
3
|
Dyshlovoy SA, Fedorov SN, Svetashev VI, Makarieva TN, Kalinovsky AI, Moiseenko OP, Krasokhin VB, Shubina LK, Guzii AG, von Amsberg G, Stonik VA. 1-O-Alkylglycerol Ethers from the Marine Sponge Guitarra abbotti and Their Cytotoxic Activity. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070409. [PMID: 35877702 PMCID: PMC9319591 DOI: 10.3390/md20070409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxicity-bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract from the marine sponge Guitarra abbotti, whose 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycerol ethers (AGEs) have not been investigated so far, led to the isolation of a complex lipid fraction containing, along with previously known compounds, six new lipids of the AGE type. The composition of the AGE fraction as well as the structures of 6 new and 22 previously known compounds were established using 1H and 13C NMR, GC/MS, and chemical conversion methods. The new AGEs were identified as: 1-O-(Z-docos-15-enyl)-sn-glycerol (1), 1-O-(Z-docos-17-enyl)-sn-glycerol (2), 1-O-(Z-tricos-15-enyl)-sn-glycerol (3), 1-O-(Z-tricos-16-enyl)-sn-glycerol (4), 1-O-(Z-tricos-17-enyl)-sn-glycerol (5), and 1-O-(Z-tetracos-15-enyl)-sn-glycerol (6). The isolated AGEs show weak cytotoxic activity in THP-1, HL-60, HeLa, DLD-1, SNU C4, SK-MEL-28, and MDA-MB-231 human cancer cells. A further cytotoxicity analysis in JB6 P+ Cl41 cells bearing mutated MAP kinase genes revealed that ERK2 and JNK1 play a cytoprotective role in the cellular response to the AGE-induced cytotoxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Dyshlovoy
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Science-Intensive Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.A.D.); (S.N.F.)
| | - Sergey N. Fedorov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (A.I.K.); (O.P.M.); (L.K.S.); (A.G.G.); (V.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.D.); (S.N.F.)
| | - Vasily I. Svetashev
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Tatiana N. Makarieva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (A.I.K.); (O.P.M.); (L.K.S.); (A.G.G.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Anatoliy I. Kalinovsky
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (A.I.K.); (O.P.M.); (L.K.S.); (A.G.G.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Olga P. Moiseenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (A.I.K.); (O.P.M.); (L.K.S.); (A.G.G.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Vladimir B. Krasokhin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (A.I.K.); (O.P.M.); (L.K.S.); (A.G.G.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Larisa K. Shubina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (A.I.K.); (O.P.M.); (L.K.S.); (A.G.G.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Alla G. Guzii
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (A.I.K.); (O.P.M.); (L.K.S.); (A.G.G.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valentin A. Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (A.I.K.); (O.P.M.); (L.K.S.); (A.G.G.); (V.A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saide A, Damiano S, Ciarcia R, Lauritano C. Promising Activities of Marine Natural Products against Hematopoietic Malignancies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:645. [PMID: 34198841 PMCID: PMC8228764 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO classification of tumors, more than 150 typologies of hematopoietic and lymphoid tumors exist, and most of them remain incurable diseases that require innovative approaches to improve therapeutic outcome and avoid side effects. Marine organisms represent a reservoir of novel bioactive metabolites, but they are still less studied compared to their terrestrial counterparts. This review is focused on marine natural products with anticancer activity against hematological tumors, highlighting recent advances and possible perspectives. Until now, there are five commercially available marine-derived compounds for the treatment of various hematopoietic cancers (e.g., leukemia and lymphoma), two molecules in clinical trials, and series of compounds and/or extracts from marine micro- and macroorganisms which have shown promising properties. In addition, the mechanisms of action of several active compounds and extracts are still unknown and require further study. The continuous upgrading of omics technologies has also allowed identifying enzymes with possible bioactivity (e.g., l-asparaginase is currently used for the treatment of leukemia) or the enzymes involved in the synthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites which can be the target of heterologous expression and genetic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Saide
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Sara Damiano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberto Ciarcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy;
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sultanov R, Ermolenko E, Poleschuk T, Denisenko Y, Kasyanov S. Action of alkyl glycerol ethers and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids diet on hematological parameters of blood and liver plasmalogen level in aged rats. J Food Sci 2021; 86:2727-2735. [PMID: 34002853 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the ways to reduce age-related changes can be a diet correction by adding biologically active substances. We studied the effect of a diet including alkyl glycerol ethers (AGs) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrate isolated from the hepatopancreas of Berrytheuthis magister squid on hematological parameters and plasmalogens level in the liver of elderly rats. The senile animals showed decrease in hemoglobin, a three-fold decrease in leukocytes, a three-fold increase in platelet count, and a double decrease of blood coagulation time in the peripheral blood. Age-related changes in rats were characterized by the development of anemia, hypercoagulation, and a decrease in the number of immunocompetent cells. AGs, both separately and in combination with n-3 PUFAs, induced an increase in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin, a decrease in the number of platelets, and an immunostimulating activity. Under the action of AGs and n-3 PUFAs, the concentration of plasmalogens and docosahexaenoic acid in the rat liver increased 2- and 1.5 folds, respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study showed that the combined use of AGs and n-3 PUFAs improves the rheological properties of the blood and the state of the immune system during aging. The enrichment of diet with dietary supplements, whose structure contains AGs and n-3 PUFAs can increase the content of plasmalogens in the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Sultanov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo Str., Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Ermolenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo Str., Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatiana Poleschuk
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo Str., Vladivostok, Russia.,Pacific State Medical University, 2 Ostryakova Ave., Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yulia Denisenko
- Vladivostok Branch of the Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Sergey Kasyanov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo Str., Vladivostok, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dorninger F, Forss-Petter S, Wimmer I, Berger J. Plasmalogens, platelet-activating factor and beyond - Ether lipids in signaling and neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105061. [PMID: 32861763 PMCID: PMC7116601 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol-based ether lipids including ether phospholipids form a specialized branch of lipids that in mammals require peroxisomes for their biosynthesis. They are major components of biological membranes and one particular subgroup, the plasmalogens, is widely regarded as a cellular antioxidant. Their vast potential to influence signal transduction pathways is less well known. Here, we summarize the literature showing associations with essential signaling cascades for a wide variety of ether lipids, including platelet-activating factor, alkylglycerols, ether-linked lysophosphatidic acid and plasmalogen-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids. The available experimental evidence demonstrates links to several common players like protein kinase C, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors or mitogen-activated protein kinases. Furthermore, ether lipid levels have repeatedly been connected to some of the most abundant neurological diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease and more recently also neurodevelopmental disorders like autism. Thus, we critically discuss the potential role of these compounds in the etiology and pathophysiology of these diseases with an emphasis on signaling processes. Finally, we review the emerging interest in plasmalogens as treatment target in neurological diseases, assessing available data and highlighting future perspectives. Although many aspects of ether lipid involvement in cellular signaling identified in vitro still have to be confirmed in vivo, the compiled data show many intriguing properties and contributions of these lipids to health and disease that will trigger further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dorninger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Sonja Forss-Petter
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Isabella Wimmer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kytikova OY, Novgorodtseva TP, Antonyuk MV, Gvozdenko TA. Plasmalogens in the Pathophysiology and Therapy of Age-Specific Diseases. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s207905702003011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Manzhulo IV, Tyrtyshnaia AA, Mischenko PV, Egoraeva AA, Belova AS, Kasyanov SP, Sultanov RM, Pislyagin EA. Alkyl Glycerols Activate RAW264.7 Macrophage Cell Line. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19858516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Manzhulo
- Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anna A. Tyrtyshnaia
- Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Polina V. Mischenko
- Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russia
| | | | | | - Sergey P. Kasyanov
- Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ruslan M. Sultanov
- Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Pislyagin
- Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Vladivostok, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salivo S, Beccaria M, Sullini G, Tranchida PQ, Dugo P, Mondello L. Analysis of human plasma lipids by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with dual detection and with the support of high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry for structural elucidation. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:267-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Salivo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute (S.C.I.F.A.R.); University of Messina; Viale Annunziata Messina Italy
| | - Marco Beccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute (S.C.I.F.A.R.); University of Messina; Viale Annunziata Messina Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sullini
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute (S.C.I.F.A.R.); University of Messina; Viale Annunziata Messina Italy
| | - Peter Q. Tranchida
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute (S.C.I.F.A.R.); University of Messina; Viale Annunziata Messina Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute (S.C.I.F.A.R.); University of Messina; Viale Annunziata Messina Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (C.I.R.); Università Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21; Rome Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l. A start-up of the University of Messina, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute (S.C.I.F.A.R.); University of Messina; Viale Annunziata Messina Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute (S.C.I.F.A.R.); University of Messina; Viale Annunziata Messina Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (C.I.R.); Università Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21; Rome Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l. A start-up of the University of Messina, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute (S.C.I.F.A.R.); University of Messina; Viale Annunziata Messina Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alkylglycerols modulate the proliferation and differentiation of non-specific agonist and specific antigen-stimulated splenic lymphocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96207. [PMID: 24763671 PMCID: PMC3999215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkylglycerols (AKGs) are ether-linked glycerols derived from shark liver oil and found in small amounts in human milk. Previous studies showed that oral AKGs administration significantly increased the immune response in mice. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro immunomodulatory effect of AKGs on stimulating splenic lymphocyte responses. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Splenic B cells were purified and stimulated with anti-BCR and anti-CD38. Meanwhile, splenic CD4+ T cells were purified and stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28. For antigen specific stimulation, the purified CD4+ T cells were cocultured with HBsAg -pulsed dendritic cells. The stimulated lymphocytes were treated with different concentrations of AKGs. The cell proliferation was assessed by [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay. The maturation of B cells was assessed by examining the germline (GL) transcription of IgG (γ1) mRNA expression, and the surface expressions of CD80/CD86 markers were examined by flow cytometry analysis. Th1/Th2 polarity was assessed by T-BET (Th1)/GATA-3 (Th2) flow cytometry assay and by characteristic cytokines ELISA assay (TNF-α and IFN-γ for Th1; IL-4 and IL-10 for Th2). It was found that AKGs significantly increased the BCR/CD38 -stimulated B cell proliferation. The T cell proliferation in response to CD3/CD28 or specific antigen stimulation was also increased by AKGs. The transcriptional level of IgG (γ1) and the expressions of CD80/CD86 molecules were markedly increased by AKGs in BCR/CD38 -stimulated B cells. Meanwhile, the results showed that AKGs increased the expression of T-BET transcriptional factor and the production of Th1 cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) upon CD3/CD28 stimulation; whereas, levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) were decreased by AKGs. Our study demonstrated that AKGs can modulate immune responses by boosting the proliferation and maturation of murine lymphocytes in vitro.
Collapse
|
11
|
Iannitti T, Palmieri B. An update on the therapeutic role of alkylglycerols. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:2267-300. [PMID: 20948908 PMCID: PMC2953404 DOI: 10.3390/md8082267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scandinavian folk medicine used shark liver oil for the treatment of cancers and other ailments based on the rarity of tumors in sharks and their ability to resist infections. Shark liver oil is a source of alkylglycerols which have been studied as anti-cancer agents in several clinical trials. Moreover, alkylglycerols have been investigated for the treatment of radiation induced side effects and for their ability to boost the immune system. Several experimental studies have shown the ability of alkylglycerols to open the blood brain barrier to facilitate the access of therapeutic drugs to the central nervous system. This review covers the most important studies of alkylglycerols in both animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Iannitti
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
- * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (T.I.); (B.P.); Tel.: +39-328-281-3314; Fax: +44-0141-331-3208
| | - Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Medical School and Surgical Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (T.I.); (B.P.); Tel.: +39-328-281-3314; Fax: +44-0141-331-3208
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Multiple beneficial health effects of natural alkylglycerols from shark liver oil. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:2175-84. [PMID: 20714431 PMCID: PMC2920550 DOI: 10.3390/md8072175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkylglycerols (alkyl-Gro) are ether lipids abundant in the liver of some elasmobranch fish species such as ratfishes and some sharks. Shark liver oil from Centrophorus squamosus (SLO), or alkyl-Gro mix from this source, have several in vivo biological activities including stimulation of hematopoiesis and immunological defences, sperm quality improvement, or anti-tumor and anti-metastasis activities. Several mechanisms are suggested for these multiple activities, resulting from incorporation of alkyl-Gro into membrane phospholipids, and lipid signaling interactions. Natural alkyl-Gro mix from SLO contains several alkyl-Gro, varying by chain length and unsaturation. Six prominent constituents of natural alkyl-Gro mix, namely 12:0, 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 16:1 n-7, and 18:1 n-9 alkyl-Gro, were synthesized and tested for anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activities on a model of grafted tumor in mice (3LL cells). 16:1 and 18:1 alkyl-Gro showed strong activity in reducing lung metastasis number, while saturated alkyl- Gro had weaker (16:0) or no (12:0, 14:0, 18:0) effect. Multiple compounds and mechanisms are probably involved in the multiple activities of natural alkyl-Gro.
Collapse
|
13
|
Vitorino DC, Buzzachera CF, Curi R, Fernandes LC. Effect of chronic supplementation with shark liver oil on immune responses of exercise-trained rats. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 108:1225-32. [PMID: 20033704 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that chronic supplementation with shark liver oil (SLO) improves immune response of lymphocyte, macrophage and neutrophil in animal models and humans. In a similar manner, exercise training also stimulates the immune system. However, we are not aware of any study about the association of exercise and SLO supplementation on immune response. Thus, our main goal was to investigate the effect of chronic supplementation with SLO on immune responses of exercise-trained rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sedentary with no supplementation (SED, n = 20), sedentary with SLO supplementation (SEDslo, n = 20), exercised (EX, n = 17) and exercised supplemented with SLO (EXslo, n = 19). Rats swam for 6 weeks, 1.5 h/day, in water at 32 +/- 1 degrees C, with a load of 6.0% body weight attached to the thorax of rat. Animals were killed 48 h after the last exercise session. SLO supplementation did not change phagocytosis, lysosomal volume, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide production by peritoneal macrophages and blood neutrophils. Thymus and spleen lymphocyte proliferation were significantly higher in SEDslo, EX, and EXslo groups compared with SED group (P < 0.05). Gut-associated lymphocyte proliferation, on the other hand, was similar between the four experimental groups. Our findings show that SLO and EX indeed are able to increase lymphocyte proliferation, but their association did not induce further stimulation in the adaptive immune response and also did not modify innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cristina Vitorino
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Biological Sciences Building, Curitiba, PR 81530-970, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|