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Monika M, Dua A, Sharma S, Gupta S, Mittal A. Comparative study of antioxidant activities of Allium sativum (a novel variety, HG17) and Allium ampeloprasum (SMG): Revealing the higher potential of HG17 and analyzing its phytochemicals. J Food Sci 2024; 89:4250-4275. [PMID: 38829746 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Garlic, belonging to the genus Allium, is renowned for its rich antioxidant potential. Snow Mountain garlic (SMG) (Allium ampeloprasum) has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes because of its higher antioxidant potential. Considering its potential in medical therapies, we compared the antioxidant activity of SMG with a novel variety of Allium sativum, Hisar garlic 17 (HG17). Comparative antioxidant activity data (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) revealed the higher antioxidant activity of HG17 than SMG, which prompted us to conduct a comprehensive phytochemical investigation to elucidate the factors contributing to antioxidant potential of HG17. To get a detailed antioxidant and phytoconstituents profiling, we differentially extracted HG17 by processing it in different forms (fresh, dry, heated, and aged) with two solvents (50% methanol and n-butanol). Our data (antioxidant activities, total phenolics, and flavonoids) showed that dry garlic methanolic extract (DgM) had maximum potential than other HG17 forms/solvents, which concludes that different extraction techniques had direct impact on the phenolics/flavonoids and antioxidant potential of the extracts. Further, phytochemical analysis of HG17 extracts by high resolution liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer quadrupole time of flight validated the maximum potential of DgM. LCMS revealed the presence of garcimangosone C, osmanthuside A, and protoaphin aglucone polyphenols exclusively in DgM compared to other HG17 extracts, which possibly contributing in its high antioxidant potential. The overall differential extraction and LCMS data of HG17 strongly depict that it may be used as an alternative of SMG under diverse medical applications. HG17 higher antioxidant potential and rich array of unique phytochemicals make it valuable for food and pharmaceutical industries to integrate into functional foods/therapeutics. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Garlic unique phytochemical composition and its remarkable ability to scavenge different radicals make it valuable therapeutic asset to mitigate diseases associated with oxidative stress. SMG is well known for its anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory properties. HG17 showed higher antioxidant potential than SMG and can be used as an alternative of SMG for anti-arthritic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Monika
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Anita Dua
- Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Chemistry lab, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Ashwani Mittal
- Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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Balkrishna A, Verma S, Tiwari D, Srivastava J, Varshney A. UPLC-QToF-MS based fingerprinting of polyphenolic metabolites in the bark extract of Boehmeria rugulosa Wedd. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2022; 57:e4890. [PMID: 36353856 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Boehmeria rugulosa Wedd. is an evergreen tree of Urticaceae family. Its bark has been extensively used in ethno-medicinal system for various ailments such as bone fracture, sprain, snakebite, and wound healing. Phyto-metabolites, which are considered as the principle components for biological activities, have been least explored for this plant. The present work investigated metabolite profiling of the stem bark of B. rugulosa in water extract using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-MS) technique coupled with the UNIFI platform. We identified, for the first time, 20 polyphenolic metabolites belonging to seven groups: caffeoylquinic acids, coumaroylquinic acids, flavan-3-ols, oligomeric flavonoids, caffeic acid derivatives, coumaric acid derivative, and flavone glycoside in the B. rugulosa extract. UNIFI informatics-coupled UPLC-QToF-MS platform aids in the quick identification and fragmentation pattern of metabolites, with higher degree of reproducibility. The present study provides a chemical and therapeutic basis for further exploration of B. rugulosa as a valuable source of phytochemicals that could be instrumental in deciphering its ethno-medicinal utility for various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India
- Patanjali Yog Peeth (UK) Trust, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sudeep Verma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Deepti Tiwari
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Jyotish Srivastava
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India
- Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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3
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Alejo‐Armijo A, Ortega‐Vidal J, Salido S, Altarejos J. Recovery and Seasonal Variation of Cinnamtannin B‐1 from Laurel (
Laurus nobilis
L.) Pruning Wood Wastes. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100807. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Alejo‐Armijo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales Universidad de Jaén Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3) 23071 Jaén Spain
| | - Juan Ortega‐Vidal
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales Universidad de Jaén Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3) 23071 Jaén Spain
| | - Sofía Salido
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales Universidad de Jaén Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3) 23071 Jaén Spain
| | - Joaquín Altarejos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales Universidad de Jaén Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3) 23071 Jaén Spain
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Valencia-Hernandez LJ, Wong-Paz JE, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Chávez-González ML, Contreras-Esquivel JC, Aguilar CN. Procyanidins: From Agro-Industrial Waste to Food as Bioactive Molecules. Foods 2021; 10:3152. [PMID: 34945704 PMCID: PMC8701411 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Procyanidins are an important group of bioactive molecules known for their benefits to human health. These compounds are promising in the treatment of chronic metabolic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, as they prevent cell damage related to oxidative stress. It is necessary to study effective extraction methods for the recovery of these components. In this review, advances in the recovery of procyanidins from agro-industrial wastes are presented, which are obtained through ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized fluid extraction and subcritical water extraction. Current trends focus on the extraction of procyanidins from seeds, peels, pomaces, leaves and bark in agro-industrial wastes, which are extracted by ultrasound. Some techniques have been coupled with environmentally friendly techniques. There are few studies focused on the extraction and evaluation of biological activities of procyanidins. The identification and quantification of these compounds are the result of the study of the polyphenolic profile of plant sources. Antioxidant, antibiotic, and anti-inflammatory activity are presented as the biological properties of greatest interest. Agro-industrial wastes can be an economical and easily accessible source for the extraction of procyanidins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy Johana Valencia-Hernandez
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo C.P. 25280, CH, Mexico; (L.J.V.-H.); (J.A.A.-V.); (M.L.C.-G.); (J.C.C.-E.)
| | - Jorge E. Wong-Paz
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Valles, Ciudad Valles C.P. 79010, SL, Mexico;
| | - Juan Alberto Ascacio-Valdés
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo C.P. 25280, CH, Mexico; (L.J.V.-H.); (J.A.A.-V.); (M.L.C.-G.); (J.C.C.-E.)
| | - Mónica L. Chávez-González
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo C.P. 25280, CH, Mexico; (L.J.V.-H.); (J.A.A.-V.); (M.L.C.-G.); (J.C.C.-E.)
| | - Juan Carlos Contreras-Esquivel
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo C.P. 25280, CH, Mexico; (L.J.V.-H.); (J.A.A.-V.); (M.L.C.-G.); (J.C.C.-E.)
| | - Cristóbal N. Aguilar
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo C.P. 25280, CH, Mexico; (L.J.V.-H.); (J.A.A.-V.); (M.L.C.-G.); (J.C.C.-E.)
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Olszewska MA, Owczarek A, Magiera A, Granica S, Michel P. Screening for the Active Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Polyphenols of Gaultheria procumbens and Their Application for Standardisation: From Identification through Cellular Studies to Quantitative Determination. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111532. [PMID: 34768963 PMCID: PMC8583782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerial parts, leaves, and stems of Gaultheria procumbens are polyphenol-rich herbal medicines with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The present study focused on identifying active markers of the G. procumbens extracts in an integrated approach combining phytochemical and biological capacity tests. The target compounds, representing all classes of Gaultheria polyphenols, were pre-selected by LC-ESI-PDA-MS/MS. For unambiguous identification, the key analytes, including a rare procyanidin trimer (cinnamtannin B-1), miquelianin potassium salt, and two new natural products: quercetin and kaempferol 3-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucuronopyranosides, were isolated by preparative HPLC and investigated by spectroscopy (HR-ESI-MS, UV-vis, CD, 1D- and 2D-NMR), thiolysis, flame photometry, optical rotation experiments, and absolute configuration studies. The significant contribution of the pre-selected compounds to the biological effects of the extracts was confirmed in vitro: the analytes significantly and in a dose-dependent manner down-regulated the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory functions of human neutrophils ex vivo (inhibited the release of reactive oxygen species, IL-1β, TNF-α, and neutrophils elastase, ELA-2), inhibited two key pro-inflammatory enzymes (cyclooxygenase, COX-2, and hyaluronidase), and most of them, except gaultherin, exerted potent direct antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power and superoxide anion scavenging capacity). Moreover, cellular safety was confirmed for all compounds by flow cytometry. Eventually, as these mechanisms have been connected to the health benefits of G. procumbens, 11 polyphenols were accepted as active markers, and a simple, accurate, reproducible, and fully validated RP-HPLC-PDA method for standardisation of the target extracts was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Anna Olszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (M.A.O.); (A.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Aleksandra Owczarek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (M.A.O.); (A.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Magiera
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (M.A.O.); (A.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Michel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (M.A.O.); (A.O.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-426779169
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6
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Pushkaran AC, Nath En P, Melge AR, Puthiyedath R, Mohan CG. A phytochemical-based medication search for the SARS-CoV-2 infection by molecular docking models towards spike glycoproteins and main proteases. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12003-12014. [PMID: 35423778 PMCID: PMC8696622 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10458b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying best bioactive phytochemicals from different medicinal plants using molecular docking techniques demonstrates a potential pre-clinical compound discovery against SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. The in silico screening of bioactive phytochemicals with the two druggable targets of SARS-CoV-2 by simple precision/extra precision molecular docking methods was used to compute binding affinity at its active sites. phyllaemblicin and cinnamtannin class of phytocompounds showed a better binding affinity range (-9.0 to -8.0 kcal mol-1) towards both these SARS-CoV-2 targets; the corresponding active site residues in the spike protein were predicted as: Y453, Q496, Q498, N501, Y449, Q493, G496, T500, Y505, L455, Q493, and K417; and Mpro: Q189, H164, H163, P168, H41, L167, Q192, M165, C145, Y54, M49, and Q189. Molecular dynamics simulation further established the structural and energetic stability of protein-phytocompound complexes and their interactions with their key residues supporting the molecular docking analysis. Protein-protein docking using ZDOCK and Prodigy server predicted the binding pose and affinity (-13.8 kcal mol-1) of the spike glycoprotein towards the human ACE2 enzyme and also showed significant structural variations in the ACE2 recognition site upon the binding of phyllaemblicin C compound at their binding interface. The phyllaemblicin and cinnamtannin class of phytochemicals can be potential inhibitors of both the spike and Mpro proteins of SARS-CoV-2; furthermore, its pharmacology and clinical optimization would lead towards novel COVID-19 small-molecule therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Choorakottayil Pushkaran
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Lab, Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Kochi 682041 Kerala India +91-484-4001234 ext. 8769
| | - Prajeesh Nath En
- Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Kollam 690525 Kerala India
| | - Anu R Melge
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Lab, Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Kochi 682041 Kerala India +91-484-4001234 ext. 8769
| | | | - C Gopi Mohan
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Lab, Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Kochi 682041 Kerala India +91-484-4001234 ext. 8769
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7
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Alejo-Armijo A, Salido S, Altarejos JN. Synthesis of A-Type Proanthocyanidins and Their Analogues: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8104-8118. [PMID: 32633514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are oligomers or polymers composed of units of flavanols. A-type PACs are a subclass of PACs characterized by the presence of at least a double linkage between two consecutive monomers of flavanol. These A-type PACs are found in some fruits and spices and possess potential health benefits as a result of their interesting biological activities, and consequently, their isolation and synthesis have given rise to great interest in the past. This review summarizes the synthetic efforts made to obtain both naturally occurring A-type PACs and their structurally simplified analogues. Most of the synthetic protocols reported involve the addition of a π-nucleophilic molecule over a molecule with two electrophilic carbons, such as a chalcone, a flavylium salt, or a flavanol derivative, among others. Synthesis of A-type PACs remains an issue at a very early stage of development compared to that of PACs with single linkages between monomers (B-type PACs), but the advances that are taking place in the last few years point to a significant development of the subject in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Alejo-Armijo
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Sofía Salido
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Joaquı N Altarejos
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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8
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ROS in Platelet Biology: Functional Aspects and Methodological Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144866. [PMID: 32660144 PMCID: PMC7402354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria play a pivotal role in regulating platelet functions. Platelet activation determines a drastic change in redox balance and in platelet metabolism. Indeed, several signaling pathways have been demonstrated to induce ROS production by NAPDH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria, upon platelet activation. Platelet-derived ROS, in turn, boost further ROS production and consequent platelet activation, adhesion and recruitment in an auto-amplifying loop. This vicious circle results in a platelet procoagulant phenotype and apoptosis, both accounting for the high thrombotic risk in oxidative stress-related diseases. This review sought to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying ROS production upon platelet activation and the effects of an altered redox balance on platelet function, focusing on the main advances that have been made in platelet redox biology. Furthermore, given the increasing interest in this field, we also describe the up-to-date methods for detecting platelets, ROS and the platelet bioenergetic profile, which have been proposed as potential disease biomarkers.
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9
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Maeda A. Recruitment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Damaged Sites by Plant-Derived Components. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:437. [PMID: 32582713 PMCID: PMC7295908 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of differentiating into a limited number of diverse cells and secrete regenerative factors that contribute to the repair of damaged tissue. In response to signals emitted by tissue damage, MSCs migrate from the bone marrow and area surrounding blood vessels within tissues into the circulating blood, and accumulate at the site of damage. Hence, MSC transplantation therapy is beginning to be applied to the treatment of various intractable human diseases. Recent medicinal plants studies have shown that plant-derived components can activate cell functions. For example, several plant-derived components activate cell signaling pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), enhance expression of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis, stimulate extracellular matrix remodeling, and consequently, promote cell migration of MSCs. Moreover, plant-derived components have been shown to promote recruitment of MSCs to damaged tissues and enhance healing in disease models, potentially advancing their therapeutic use. This article provides a comprehensive review of several plant-derived components that activate MSC migration and homing to damaged sites to promote tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Maeda
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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10
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Michel P, Granica S, Magiera A, Rosińska K, Jurek M, Poraj Ł, Olszewska MA. Salicylate and Procyanidin-Rich Stem Extracts of Gaultheria procumbens L. Inhibit Pro-Inflammatory Enzymes and Suppress Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Oxidant Functions of Human Neutrophils Ex Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071753. [PMID: 30970662 PMCID: PMC6479601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylate-rich plants are an attractive alternative to synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs due to a better safety profile and the advantage of complementary anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the co-occurring non-salicylate phytochemicals. Here, the phytochemical value and biological effects in vitro and ex vivo of the stems of one of such plants, Gaultheria procumbens L., were evaluated. The best extrahent for effective recovery of the active stem molecules was established in comparative studies of five extracts. The UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS3, HPLC-PDA, and UV-photometric assays revealed that the selected acetone extract (AE) accumulates a rich polyphenolic fraction (35 identified constituents; total content 427.2 mg/g dw), mainly flavanols (catechins and proanthocyanidins; 201.3 mg/g dw) and methyl salicylate glycosides (199.9 mg/g dw). The extract and its model components were effective cyclooxygenase-2, lipoxygenase, and hyaluronidase inhibitors; exhibited strong antioxidant capacity in six non-cellular in vitro models (AE and procyanidins); and also significantly and dose-dependently reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the release of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α) and proteinases (elastase-2, metalloproteinase-9) in human neutrophils stimulated ex vivo by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP). The cellular safety of AE was demonstrated by flow cytometry. The results support the application of the plant in traditional medicine and encourage the use of AE for development of new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Michel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Warsaw Medical University, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Magiera
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Karolina Rosińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Jurek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Poraj
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Monika Anna Olszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
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11
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Lopez JJ, El Haouari M, Jardin I, Alonso N, Regodon S, Diez-Bello R, Redondo PC, Rosado JA. Flavonoids and Platelet-Derived Thrombotic Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:7035-7047. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180417170218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
:
Thrombotic disorders are characterized by an increase in the probability of the
formation of unnecessary thrombi that might be due to the activation of the coagulation cascade
or the circulating platelets. Platelets or thrombocytes play an essential role in hemostasis
but abnormal platelet function leads to the development of a number of cardiovascular
complications, including thrombotic disorders. Under pathological conditions, platelets are
associated with the development of different thrombotic disorders, including atherosclerosis,
arterial thrombosis and stroke, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism; therefore,
platelets are the target of a number of anti-thrombotic strategies. Flavonoids, a large group
of polyphenols ubiquitously expressed in fruits and vegetables that have attracted considerable
attention because of their benefits in human health, including the reduction of the risk
of cardiovascular disease. Flavonoids have been reported to reduce platelet activity by attenuating
agonist-induced GPIIb/IIIa receptor activation, mobilization of intracellular free
Ca2+, granule exocytosis, as well as activation of different signaling molecules such as mitogen-
activated protein kinases or phospholipases. This review summarizes the current studies
concerning the modulation of platelet activation by flavonoids, giving especial attention to
those events associated to thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J. Lopez
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mohammed El Haouari
- Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, Laboratoire des Matériaux, Substances Naturelles, Environnement et Modélisation (LMSNEM), Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 1223, Taza Gare, Morocco
| | - Isaac Jardin
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Cáceres, Spain
| | - Nieves Alonso
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Infanta Cristina, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sergio Regodon
- Department of Animal Medicine, University of Extremadura, 10003-Cáceres, Spain
| | - Raquel Diez-Bello
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Cáceres, Spain
| | - Pedro C. Redondo
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan A. Rosado
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Cáceres, Spain
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Alejo-Armijo A, Parola AJ, Pina F, Altarejos J, Salido S. Thermodynamic Stability of Flavylium Salts as a Valuable Tool To Design the Synthesis of A-Type Proanthocyanidin Analogues. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12297-12304. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Alejo-Armijo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - A. Jorge Parola
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Fernando Pina
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Joaquín Altarejos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Sofía Salido
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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13
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Sánchez-Rubio F, Fernández-Santos MR, Castro-Vázquez L, García-Álvarez O, Maroto-Morales A, Soler AJ, Martínez-Pastor F, Garde JJ. Cinnamtannin B-1, a novel antioxidant for sperm in red deer. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 195:44-52. [PMID: 29776697 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamtannin B-1 (CNB-1) is a naturally occurring trimeric A-type proanthocyanidin contained in several plants such as cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum). It is considered to be a potent antioxidant. The protective effect of CNB-1 against oxidative stress was assessed in red deer epididymal sperm incubated at 37 °C. Cryopreserved sperm from six stags were thawed, pooled and extended to 400 × 106 sperm/ml in BGM (bovine gamete medium). After being aliquoted, the samples were supplemented with different concentrations of CNB-1 (0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/mL), with or without induced oxidative stress (100 μM Fe2+/ascorbate). The samples were evaluated after 0, 2 and 4 h of incubation at 37 °C. This experiment was replicated six times. Spermmotility (CASA), viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, acrosomal status, lipoperoxidation (C11 BODIPY 581/591), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA status (TUNEL) were assessed. After 4 h of incubation, CNB-1 prevented the deleterious effects of oxidative stress, thus improved sperm progressivity and velocity (P<0.05). Furthermore, 1 and 10 μM CNB-1 improved sperm linearity, even when compared to those samples that had not been subjected to oxidative stress (P<0.05). The greatest concentration, 100 μM, prevented sperm lipoperoxidation and reduced ROS production in samples subjected to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sánchez-Rubio
- SaBio IREC (CSIC - UCLM - JCCM), Albacete, Spain; Servicio de Farmacia. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete. GAI. Albacete, Spain
| | - M R Fernández-Santos
- SaBio IREC (CSIC - UCLM - JCCM), Albacete, Spain; Faculty of Pharmacy (UCLM), Albacete, Spain.
| | | | - O García-Álvarez
- Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | | | - A J Soler
- SaBio IREC (CSIC - UCLM - JCCM), Albacete, Spain
| | - F Martínez-Pastor
- Department of Molecular Biology (Cell Biology) and Institute for Animal Health and Cattle Development (INDEGSAL), University of León, León, Spain
| | - J J Garde
- SaBio IREC (CSIC - UCLM - JCCM), Albacete, Spain
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14
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Woo KW, Jung JK, Lee HJ, Kim TM, Kim MS, Jung HK, An B, Ham SH, Jeon BH, Cho HW. Phytochemical Constituents from the Rhizomes ofOsmunda japonicaThunb and Their Anti-oxidant Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.20307/nps.2017.23.3.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong wan Woo
- Traditional Korean Medicine Research Team, National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 288, Woodlandgil, Anyangmyeon, Jangheunggun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Kyun Jung
- Traditional Korean Medicine Research Team, National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 288, Woodlandgil, Anyangmyeon, Jangheunggun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Traditional Korean Medicine Research Team, National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 288, Woodlandgil, Anyangmyeon, Jangheunggun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Muk Kim
- Traditional Korean Medicine Research Team, National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 288, Woodlandgil, Anyangmyeon, Jangheunggun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Suk Kim
- Traditional Korean Medicine Research Team, National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 288, Woodlandgil, Anyangmyeon, Jangheunggun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Jung
- Traditional Korean Medicine Research Team, National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 288, Woodlandgil, Anyangmyeon, Jangheunggun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongkwan An
- Traditional Korean Medicine Research Team, National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 288, Woodlandgil, Anyangmyeon, Jangheunggun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Ham
- Traditional Korean Medicine Research Team, National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 288, Woodlandgil, Anyangmyeon, Jangheunggun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hun Jeon
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Cho
- Traditional Korean Medicine Research Team, National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 288, Woodlandgil, Anyangmyeon, Jangheunggun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
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15
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Lin GM, Lin HY, Hsu CY, Chang ST. Structural characterization and bioactivity of proanthocyanidins from indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4749-4759. [PMID: 27185335 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barks and twigs of common species of cinnamon with abundant proanthocyanidins are used as a spice, fold medicine or supplement. Cinnamomum osmophloeum is an endemic species in Taiwan and coumarin was not detected in the oil of the C. osmophloeum twig. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the bioactivities and proanthocyanidins of C. osmophloeum twig extracts (CoTE). The n-butanol soluble fraction from CoTE was divided into 10 subfractions (F1-F10) by Sephadex LH-20 gel chromatography. The antihyperglycemic activities were examined by α-glucosidase, α-amylase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory assays. Total antioxidant activities were examined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging and ferrous ion-chelating assays. RESULTS The results revealed that subfractions F6-F10, with high proanthocyanidin contents, showed excellent antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities. Subfractions F6-F10 were analyzed further by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight/mass spectrometry and thiolysis-reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry methods. The results showed that the mean degrees of polymerization of proanthocyanidins in subfractions F6-F10 ranged from 3.5 to 5.1, with the highest degrees of polymerization of proanthocyanidins reaching 8 in subfractions F8-F10. Two compounds in F6 were identified as cinnamtannin B1 and parameritannin A1. These proanthocyanidins contained at least one A-type and major B-type linkages. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that proanthocyanidins are associated with their antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities in CoTE. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Min Lin
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, #1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Huan-You Lin
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, #1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Hsu
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, #1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Tzen Chang
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, #1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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16
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Chen L, Chen L, Wang T, Yuan P, Chen K, Jia Q, Wang H, Li Y. Preparation of Methylated Products of A-type Procyanidin Trimers in Cinnamon Bark and Their Protective Effects on Pancreatic β-Cell. J Food Sci 2016; 81:C1062-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Univ. of Traditional Chinese Medicine; 1200 Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Univ. of Traditional Chinese Medicine; 1200 Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Ting Wang
- Shanghai Inst. of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Pulong Yuan
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Univ. of Traditional Chinese Medicine; 1200 Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Univ. of Traditional Chinese Medicine; 1200 Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
- Shanghai Inst. of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Qi Jia
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Univ. of Traditional Chinese Medicine; 1200 Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Heyao Wang
- Shanghai Inst. of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Univ. of Traditional Chinese Medicine; 1200 Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
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17
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El Haouari M, Rosado JA. Medicinal Plants with Antiplatelet Activity. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1059-71. [PMID: 27062716 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Blood platelets play an essential role in the hemostasis and wound-healing processes. However, platelet hyperactivity is associated to the development and the complications of several cardiovascular diseases. In this sense, the search for potent and safer antiplatelet agents is of great interest. This article provides an overview of experimental studies performed on medicinal plants with antiplatelet activity available through literature with particular emphasis on the bioactive constituents, the parts used, and the various platelet signaling pathways modulated by medicinal plants. From this review, it was suggested that medicinal plants with antiplatelet activity mainly belong to the family of Asteraceae, Rutaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Rhamnaceae, Liliaceae, and Zingiberaceae. The antiplatelet effect is attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids, and other substances which correct platelet abnormalities by interfering with different platelet signalization pathways including inhibition of the ADP pathway, suppression of TXA2 formation, reduction of intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, and phosphoinositide breakdown, among others. The identification and/or structure modification of the plant constituents and the understanding of their action mechanisms will be helpful in the development of new antiplatelet agents based on medicinal plants which could contribute to the prevention of thromboembolic-related disorders by inhibiting platelet aggregation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El Haouari
- Centre Régional des Métiers de l'Education et de la Formation de Taza (CRMEF - Taza), B.P. 1178, Taza Gare, Morocco.,Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, Laboratoire des Matériaux, Substances Naturelles, Environnement et Modélisation (LMSNEM), Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 1223, Taza Gare, Morocco
| | - Juan A Rosado
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
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18
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Fujita K, Kuge K, Ozawa N, Sahara S, Zaiki K, Nakaoji K, Hamada K, Takenaka Y, Tanahashi T, Tamai K, Kaneda Y, Maeda A. Cinnamtannin B-1 Promotes Migration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Accelerates Wound Healing in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144166. [PMID: 26657737 PMCID: PMC4686113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Substances that enhance the migration of mesenchymal stem cells to damaged sites have the potential to improve the effectiveness of tissue repair. We previously found that ethanol extracts of Mallotus philippinensis bark promoted migration of mesenchymal stem cells and improved wound healing in a mouse model. We also demonstrated that bark extracts contain cinnamtannin B-1, a flavonoid with in vitro migratory activity against mesenchymal stem cells. However, the in vivo effects of cinnamtannin B-1 on the migration of mesenchymal stem cells and underlying mechanism of this action remain unknown. Therefore, we examined the effects of cinnamtannin B-1 on in vivo migration of mesenchymal stem cells and wound healing in mice. In addition, we characterized cinnamtannin B-1-induced migration of mesenchymal stem cells pharmacologically and structurally. The mobilization of endogenous mesenchymal stem cells into the blood circulation was enhanced in cinnamtannin B-1-treated mice as shown by flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood cells. Whole animal imaging analysis using luciferase-expressing mesenchymal stem cells as a tracer revealed that cinnamtannin B-1 increased the homing of mesenchymal stem cells to wounds and accelerated healing in a diabetic mouse model. Additionally, the cinnamtannin B-1-induced migration of mesenchymal stem cells was pharmacologically susceptible to inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phospholipase C, lipoxygenase, and purines. Furthermore, biflavonoids with similar structural features to cinnamtannin B-1 also augmented the migration of mesenchymal stem cells by similar pharmacological mechanisms. These results demonstrate that cinnamtannin B-1 promoted mesenchymal stem cell migration in vivo and improved wound healing in mice. Furthermore, the results reveal that cinnamtannin B-1-induced migration of mesenchymal stem cells may be mediated by specific signaling pathways, and the flavonoid skeleton may be relevant to its effects on mesenchymal stem cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Fujita
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kuge
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Ozawa
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
- Research and Development Division, PIAS Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, 651–2241, Japan
| | - Shunya Sahara
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
- Research and Development Division, PIAS Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, 651–2241, Japan
| | - Kaori Zaiki
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
- Research and Development Division, PIAS Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, 651–2241, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakaoji
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
- Research and Development Division, PIAS Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, 651–2241, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hamada
- Research and Development Division, PIAS Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, 651–2241, Japan
| | - Yukiko Takenaka
- Organic Chemistry Department, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, 658–8558, Japan
| | - Takao Tanahashi
- Organic Chemistry Department, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, 658–8558, Japan
| | - Katsuto Tamai
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kaneda
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
| | - Akito Maeda
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
- * E-mail:
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19
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Kato-Noguchi H. Involvement of Allelopathy in the Formation of Monospecific Colonies of Ferns. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some fern species often dominate plant communities by forming large monospecific colonies. However, the potential mechanism for this domination of the ferns remains obscure. Many plants secrete a wide range of compounds into the rhizosphere and change the chemical and physical properties of the rhizosphere soil. Through the secretion of compounds, such as allelopathic substances, plants inhibit the germination and growth of neighboring plants to compete more effectively for the resources. Ferns contain a variety of secondary metabolites and some of those compounds are released from the ferns into the rhizosphere soil, either as exudates from living ferns or by decomposition of fern residues in sufficient quantities to affect the germination and growth of neighboring plants as allelopathic substances. Therefore, allelopathic chemical interaction of the ferns with neighboring plants may play an important role in the formation of the monospecific colonies of the ferns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
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20
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Chen L, Yuan P, Chen K, Jia Q, Li Y. Oxidative conversion of B- to A-type procyanidin trimer: evidence for quinone methide mechanism. Food Chem 2014; 154:315-22. [PMID: 24518348 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two main types of procyanidin oligomers (A-type and B-type) are present in plants. Previous studies revealed that B-type procyanidin dimers can be converted into A-type dimers by oxidation. However, the mechanism lacks experimental proof. In this study, the conditions of a B-type procyanidin trimer, procyanidin C-1 (PC-1), conversion to A-type cinnamtannin B-1 (CTB-1), including temperature, pH value and four catalysts were investigated. The catalysts include DPPH, O2(-), polyphenol oxidase and xanthine oxidase. Results show that the conversion is significantly affected by temperature and pH. Both free radicals and oxidases accelerate the conversion rate with the same products but show no increase in conversion ratio. Moreover, the isolation and identification of continuous oxidation products (P 1-P 4) from CTB-1 are discussed here. These results demonstrate that the oxidative conversion of B- to A- procyanidins in plants might involve a free radical-driven process or an enzyme-catalyzed free radical reaction via a quinone methide mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Pulong Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China.
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China.
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21
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Alexandru N, Popov D, Georgescu A. Intraplatelet oxidative/nitrative stress: inductors, consequences, and control. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2012; 20:232-8. [PMID: 22293024 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the current knowledge on intraplatelet oxidative/nitrative stress, an abnormality associated with platelet activation and hyper-reactivity. The first issue discussed is related to induction of platelet endogenous stress by the molecules present within the circulating (extracellular) milieu that bathes these cells. The second issue concerns the intraplatelet oxidative/nitrative stress associated with specific pathologies or clinical procedures and action of particular molecules and platelet agonists as well as of the specialized intraplatelet milieu and its redox system; the biomarkers of endogenous oxidative/nitrative stress are also briefly outlined. Next, the association between intraplatelet oxidative/nitrative stress and the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome is presented. Then, the most recent strategies aimed at the control/regulation of platelet endogenous oxidative/nitrative stress, such as exploitation of circulating extracellular reactive oxygen species scavengers, manipulation of platelet molecules, and the use of antioxidants, are discussed. Finally, the results of studies on platelet-dependent redox mechanisms, which deserve immediate attention for potential clinical exploitation, are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Alexandru
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania. @icbp.ro
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22
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Engemann A, Hübner F, Rzeppa S, Humpf HU. Intestinal metabolism of two A-type procyanidins using the pig cecum model: detailed structure elucidation of unknown catabolites with Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:749-757. [PMID: 22175758 DOI: 10.1021/jf203927g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Procyanidins, as important secondary plant metabolites in fruits, berries, and beverages such as cacao and tea, are supposed to have positive health impacts, although their bioavailability is yet not clear. One important aspect for bioavailability is intestinal metabolism. The investigation of the microbial catabolism of A-type procyanidins is of great importance due to their more complex structure in comparison to B-type procyanidins. A-type procyanidins exhibit an additional ether linkage between the flavan-3-ol monomers. In this study two A-type procyanidins, procyanidin A2 and cinnamtannin B1, were incubated in the pig cecum model to mimic the degradation caused by the microbiota. Both A-type procyanidins were degraded by the microbiota. Procyanidin A2 as a dimer was degraded by about 80% and cinnamtannin B1 as a trimer by about 40% within 8 h of incubation. Hydroxylated phenolic compounds were quantified as degradation products. In addition, two yet unknown catabolites were identified, and the structures were elucidated by Fourier transform mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Engemann
- NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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23
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Galan C, Jardín I, Dionisio N, Salido G, Rosado JA. Role of oxidant scavengers in the prevention of Ca²+ homeostasis disorders. Molecules 2010; 15:7167-87. [PMID: 20953160 PMCID: PMC6259185 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15107167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of disorders, such as Alzheimer disease and diabetes mellitus, have in common the alteration of the redox balance, resulting in an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation that might lead to the development of apoptosis and cell death. It has long been known that ROS can significantly alter Ca²+ mobilization, an intracellular signal that is involved in the regulation of a wide variety of cellular functions. Cells have a limited capability to counteract the effects of oxidative stress, but evidence has been provided supporting the beneficial effects of exogenous ROS scavengers. Here, we review the effects of oxidative stress on intracellular Ca²+ homeostasis and the role of antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of disorders associated to abnormal Ca²+ mobilization induced by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juan A. Rosado
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34 927257139; Fax: +34 927257110
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