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Araújo ADO, Figueira-de-Oliveira ML, Noya AGAFDC, Oliveira E Silva VP, de Carvalho JM, Vieira Filho LD, Guedes RCA. Effect of neonatal melatonin administration on behavioral and brain electrophysiological and redox imbalance in rats. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1269609. [PMID: 37901423 PMCID: PMC10603194 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1269609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Melatonin (MLT) reportedly has beneficial effects in neurological disorders involving brain excitability (e.g., Epilepsy and Migraine) and behavioral patterns (e.g., Anxiety and Depression). This study was performed to investigate, in the developing rat brain, the effect of early-in-life administration of two different doses of exogenous MLT on behavioral (anxiety and memory) and electrophysiological (CSD analysis) aspects of brain function. Additionally, brain levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), both cellular indicators of redox balance status, were evaluated. We hypothesize that MLT differentially affects the behavioral and CSD parameters as a function of the MLT dose. Materials and methods Male Wistar rats received, from the 7th to the 27th postnatal day (PND), on alternate days, vehicle solution, or 10 mg/kg/or 40 mg/kg MLT (MLT-10 and MLT-40 groups), or no treatment (intact group). To perform behavioral and cognition analysis, from PND30 to PND32, they were tested in the open field apparatus, first for anxiety (PND30) and then for object recognition memory tasks: spatial position recognition (PND31) and shape recognition (PND32). On PND34, they were tested in the elevated plus maze. From PND36 to 42, the excitability-related phenomenon known as cortical spreading depression (CSD) was recorded, and its features were analyzed. Results Treatment with MLT did not change the animals' body weight or blood glucose levels. The MLT-10 treatment, but not the MLT-40 treatment, was associated with behaviors that suggest less anxiety and improved memory. MLT-10 and MLT-40 treatments, respectively, decelerated and accelerated CSD propagation (speed of 2.86 ± 0.14 mm/min and 3.96 ± 0.16 mm/min), compared with the control groups (3.3 ± 0.10 mm/min and 3.25 ± 0.11 mm/min, for the intact and vehicle groups, respectively; p < 0.01). Cerebral cortex levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase were, respectively, lower and higher in the MLT-10 group but not in the MLT40 group. Conclusion Our findings suggest that MLT intraperitoneal administration during brain development may differentially act as an antioxidant agent when administered at a low dose but not at a high dose, according to behavioral, electrophysiological, and biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda de Oliveira Araújo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Leucio Duarte Vieira Filho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Gong X, Huang C, Yang X, Mao Q, Zeng L, Zheng P, Pu J, Chen J, Wang H, Xu B, Zhou C, Xie P. Proteomic analysis of the intestine reveals SNARE-mediated immunoregulatory and amino acid absorption perturbations in a rat model of depression. Life Sci 2019; 234:116778. [PMID: 31430454 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To clarify the role of the gut-brain axis in depression. MAIN METHODS We used the iTRAQ technique to identify differential proteins in the intestine of the rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression. Significant differential proteins were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotations and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Key proteins were validated at the mRNA and protein levels. The levels of cytokines in the intestine, serum and hypothalamus were examined by ELISA. HPLC-UV was used to detect the levels of amino acids. KEY FINDINGS In the rat intestine, 349 differential proteins (209 downregulated, 140 upregulated) were identified. GO analysis indicated that "protein complex assembly" was the first-ranked biological process. SNARE complex components, including SNAP23, VAMP3 and VAMP8, were increased at the mRNA levels, while only VAMP3 and VAMP8 were also upregulated at the protein level. TNFα, IL6 and IL1β were upregulated in the CUMS rat intestine, while TNFα was decreased in the serum and hypothalamus. IL1β was decreased in the serum. "Protein digestion and absorption" was the most significantly enriched KEGG pathway, involving 5 differential proteins: SLC9A3, ANPEP, LAT1, ASCT2 and B0AT1. Glutamine, glycine and aspartic acid were perturbed in the CUMS rat intestine. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that CUMS enhances the adaptive immune response in the intestine through ER-phagosome pathway mediated by SNARE complex and disturb absorption of amino acids. It advances our understanding of the role of gut-brain axis in depression and provides a potential therapeutic target for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gong
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xun Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juncai Pu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Mind and Brain Theme, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Vitor-de-Lima SM, Medeiros LDB, Benevides RDDL, Dos Santos CN, Lima da Silva NO, Guedes RCA. Monosodium glutamate and treadmill exercise: Anxiety-like behavior and spreading depression features in young adult rats. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:435-443. [PMID: 29125056 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1398301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The route of administration is an important factor in determining the action of some drugs. We previously demonstrated that subcutaneous monosodium glutamate (MSG) accelerated cortical spreading depression (CSD) in the rat and that treadmill exercise attenuated this effect. This study evaluated whether other routes of administration exert the same action by testing orogastric (gavage) and topical cortical MSG administration in treadmill-exercised and sedentary rats. Additionally, in the orogastric treatment we tested anxiety-like behavior. METHODS Exercised and sedentary rats received per gavage water or MSG (1 or 2 g/kg) daily from postnatal (P) day 7 to 27. Behavioral tests (open field and elevated plus-maze) occurred at P53 ± 3. At P56 ± 3, we analyzed CSD parameters (velocity, amplitude, and duration of the negative potential change). Other three groups of rats received an MSG solution (25, 50 or 75 mg/ml) topically to the intact dura mater during CSD recording. RESULTS MSG-gavage increased anxiety-like behavior and the CSD velocities compared with water-treated controls (P < 0.05). Exercise decelerated CSD. In contrast to gavage, which accelerated CSD, topical MSG dose-dependently and reversibly impaired CSD propagation, reduced CSD amplitude and increased CSD duration (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The exercise-dependent attenuation of the effects of MSG confirms our previous results in rats treated subcutaneously with MSG. CSD results suggest two distinct mechanisms for gavage and topical MSG administration. Additionally, data suggest that exercise can help protect the developing and adult brain against the deleterious actions of MSG.
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Neonatal l-glutamine modulates anxiety-like behavior, cortical spreading depression, and microglial immunoreactivity: analysis in developing rats suckled on normal size- and large size litters. Amino Acids 2016; 49:337-346. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Marinho de Souza TK, E Silva-Gondim MB, Rodrigues MCA, Guedes RCA. The facilitating effect of unfavorable lactation on the potentiation of electrocorticogram after spreading depression in awake and anesthetized adult rats. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 21:16-24. [PMID: 27442245 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1210878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a brain excitability-related phenomenon that can be affected by unfavorable conditions of lactation and by anesthetic agents. We have previously demonstrated that after CSD the electrocorticogram (ECoG) amplitude increases significantly (ECoG potentiation). Here, we investigated this potentiation in awake and anesthetized adult rats that were previously suckled among different lactation conditions. METHODS Newborn rats were suckled in litters with 6 pups or 12 pups (L6 or L12 condition, respectively). At adulthood, we evaluated the ECoG potentiation after CSD at two cortical points (one point near, and another remote to the CSD-eliciting site). The amplitude of the ECoG waves was averaged with the support of an algorithm implemented in Matlab™ software. In both L6 and L12 condition, awake animals were compared with anesthetized groups that received either tribromoethanol- or urethane + chloralose-anesthesia. RESULTS L12 rats presented significantly lower body- and brain weights than L6 rats (P < 0.01), indicating a nutritional deficiency. The anesthetized L6 groups presented with ECoG potentiation (P < 0.05) only in the near cortical recording point (28.0% and 32.6% increase for the tribromoethanol and urethane + chloralose groups, respectively), whereas the L12 groups displayed ECoG potentiation in both near (67.0% and 55.0%) and remote points (37.0% and 20.0%), in comparison with the baseline values (before CSD). DISCUSSION The results suggest a facilitating effect of unfavorable lactation on the potentiation of ECoG after spreading depression in anesthetized adult rats. The potential implications for the human neurological health remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rubem Carlos Araújo Guedes
- a Department of Nutrition , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , BR-50670901 , Recife - Pernambuco , Brazil
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Neonatal taurine and alanine modulate anxiety-like behavior and decelerate cortical spreading depression in rats previously suckled under different litter sizes. Amino Acids 2015; 47:2437-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Torrente D, Cabezas R, Avila MF, García-Segura LM, Barreto GE, Guedes RCA. Cortical spreading depression in traumatic brain injuries: is there a role for astrocytes? Neurosci Lett 2014; 565:2-6. [PMID: 24394907 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a presumably pathophysiological phenomenon that interrupts local cortical function for periods of minutes to hours. This phenomenon is important due to its association with different neurological disorders such as migraine, malignant stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Glial cells, especially astrocytes, play an important role in the regulation of CSD and in the protection of neurons under brain trauma. The correlation of TBI with CSD and the astrocytic function under these conditions remain unclear. This review discusses the possible link of TBI and CSD and its implication for neuronal survival. Additionally, we highlight the importance of astrocytic function for brain protection, and suggest possible therapeutic strategies targeting astrocytes to improve the outcome following TBI-associated CSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Torrente
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Ricardo Cabezas
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Marco Fidel Avila
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Rubem Carlos Araújo Guedes
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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de Aguiar MJL, de Aguiar CRRA, Guedes RCA. Lithium/nutrition interaction in the brain: A single lithium administration impairs spreading depression in malnourished, but not in well-nourished rats. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 14:159-64. [DOI: 10.1179/147683011x13009738172440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Glutamine randomized studies in early life: the unsolved riddle of experimental and clinical studies. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:749189. [PMID: 23019424 PMCID: PMC3457673 DOI: 10.1155/2012/749189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine may have benefits during immaturity or critical illness in early life but its effects on outcome end hardpoints are controversial. Our aim was to review randomized studies on glutamine supplementation in pups, infants, and children examining whether glutamine affects outcome. Experimental work has proposed various mechanisms of glutamine action but none of the randomized studies in early life showed any effect on mortality and only a few showed some effect on inflammatory response, organ function, and a trend for infection control. Although apparently safe in animal models (pups), premature infants, and critically ill children, glutamine supplementation does not reduce mortality or late onset sepsis, and its routine use cannot be recommended in these sensitive populations. Large prospectively stratified trials are needed to better define the crucial interrelations of “glutamine-heat shock proteins-stress response” in critical illness and to identify the specific subgroups of premature neonates and critically ill infants or children who may have a greater need for glutamine and who may eventually benefit from its supplementation. The methodological problems noted in the reviewed randomized experimental and clinical trials should be seriously considered in any future well-designed large blinded randomized controlled trial involving glutamine supplementation in critical illness.
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Guedes RCA, Abadie-Guedes R, Bezerra RDS. The use of cortical spreading depression for studying the brain actions of antioxidants. Nutr Neurosci 2012; 15:111-9. [PMID: 22583913 DOI: 10.1179/1476830511y.0000000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We review the main adverse effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mammalian organism, introducing the reader on the worldwide problem of the ROS neurophysiological impact on the developing and the adult brain, and discussing the neuroprotective action of antioxidant molecules. METHODS We briefly present the electrophysiological phenomenon designated as 'cortical spreading depression' (CSD), as a parameter of normal brain functioning. We highlight recent electrophysiological advances obtained in experimental studies from our laboratory and from others, showing how to investigate the ROS effects on the brain by using the CSD phenomenon. RESULTS Under conditions such as aging, ROS production by photo-activation of dye molecules and ethanol consumption, we describe the effects, on CSD, of treating animals with (1) antioxidants and (2) with antioxidant-deficient diets. DISCUSSION The current understanding of how ROS affect brain electrophysiological activity and the possible interaction between these ROS effects and those effects of altered nutritional status of the organism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C A Guedes
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Monteiro HMC, de Lima e Silva D, de França JPBD, Maia LMSDS, Angelim MKC, dos Santos AA, Guedes RCA. Differential effects of physical exercise and L-arginine on cortical spreading depression in developing rats. Nutr Neurosci 2011; 14:112-8. [PMID: 21756532 DOI: 10.1179/1476830511y.0000000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of early-in-life administration of L-arginine, combined with physical exercise, on cortical spreading depression (CSD) in young and adult rats. METHODS L-arginine (300 mg/kg/day, n = 40) or distilled water (vehicle, n = 40) was given to the rats during postnatal days 7-35 by gavage. Physical exercise (treadmill) was carried out during postnatal days 15-35 in half of the animals in each gavage condition described above. The other half (non-exercised) was used for comparison. When the animals reached 35-45 days (young groups) or 90-120 days of age (adult) CSD was recorded on two cortical points during 4 hours and CSD propagation velocity was calculated. RESULTS L-arginine-treated + exercised rats had increased body weight, but not brain weight, in adult age compared to L-arginine + non-exercised ones (P < 0.05). In both young and adult animals, L-arginine increased, whereas exercise decreased the CSD propagation velocity. Analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction between gavage treatment and age (P < 0.001), and also between gavage treatment and exercise (P = 0.004), but not between age and exercise. An additional control group of young rats, treated with 300 mg/kg of L-histidine, presented CSD velocities comparable to the corresponding water-treated controls, suggesting that the CSD acceleration seen in the L-arginine group was an L-arginine-specific effect, rather than an effect due to a non-specific amino acid imbalance. DISCUSSION L-arginine and exercise affect CSD differentially (L-arginine accelerated, while exercise decelerated CSD), and both effects did interact. Probably, they depend on developmental plasticity changes associated with the treatments.
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Monte-Guedes CK, Alves EV, Viana-da-Silva E, Guedes RC. Chronic treatment with ascorbic acid enhances cortical spreading depression in developing well-nourished and malnourished rats. Neurosci Lett 2011; 496:191-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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