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Guo Y, Zhou M, Mu Z, Guo J, Hou Y, Xu Y, Geng L. Recent advances in shikonin for the treatment of immune-related diseases: Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115138. [PMID: 37454591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Shikonin, the primary active compound found in the rhizome of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb known as "ZiCao", exhibits a diverse range of pharmacological effects. This drug has a wide range of uses, including as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer agent. It is also effective in promoting wound healing and treating autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, diabetes, asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Although shikonin has a wide range of applications, its mechanisms are still not fully understood. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the use of shikonin for the treatment of immune-related diseases. The article also delves into the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory mechanisms of shikonin and offers insights into the inflammation and immunopathogenesis of related diseases. Overall, this article serves as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians working in this field. These findings not only provide significant new information on the effects and mechanisms of shikonin but also establish a foundation for the development of clinical applications in treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Mu
- Department of Dermatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China
| | - Jinrong Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Jincheng People's Hospital, 456N Wenchang East Street, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, China
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China
| | - Long Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155N Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China; National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, China.
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Evaluation of the Multifunctionality of Soybean Proteins and Peptides in Immune Cell Models. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051220. [PMID: 36904220 PMCID: PMC10005611 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory and oxidative processes are tightly regulated by innate and adaptive immune systems, which are involved in the pathology of a diversity of chronic diseases. Soybean peptides, such as lunasin, have emerged as one of the most hopeful food-derived peptides with a positive impact on health. The aim was to study the potential antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity of a lunasin-enriched soybean extract (LES). The protein profile of LES was characterized, and its behavior under simulated gastrointestinal digestion was evaluated. Besides its in vitro radical scavenging capacity, LES and lunasin's effects on cell viability, phagocytic capacity, oxidative stress, and inflammation-associated biomarkers were investigated in both RAW264.7 macrophages and lymphocytes EL4. Lunasin and other soluble peptides enriched after aqueous solvent extraction partially resisted the action of digestive enzymes, being potentially responsible for the beneficial effects of LES. This extract scavenged radicals, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exerted immunostimulatory effects, increasing nitric oxide (NO) production, phagocytic activity, and cytokine release in macrophages. Lunasin and LES also exerted dose-dependent immunomodulatory effects on EL4 cell proliferation and cytokine production. The modulatory effects of soybean peptides on both immune cell models suggest their potential protective role against oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune response-associated disorders.
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Roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Alleviated Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis and IgE-triggered Degranulation of RBL-2H3 Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lithospermum erythrorhizon (L. erythrorhizon) root is used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. However, no studies have examined its impact on allergic rhinitis (AR). Here, we explored the protective effects of L. erythrorhizon in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells and in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mouse model. In the latter, we examined nasal mucosal inflammation, allergen-specific cytokine production, and histological changes to the nasal mucosa. In the mouse model, oral administration of an ethanol extract of L. erythrorhizon (LE) led to a marked reduction in rubbing and sneeze frequency, a significant decrease in serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 levels, and a significant increase in the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio. LE also reduced expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in nasal lavage fluid (NALF), and suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration and epithelial degradation in nasal tissues. In IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells, LE suppressed release of degranulation markers such as β-hexosaminidase and histamine. Based on these findings, we suggest that LE may ameliorate OVA-induced AR by regulating mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses.
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Zhang X, Li J, Yu Y, Lian P, Gao X, Xu Y, Geng L. Shikonin Controls the Differentiation of CD4 +CD25 + Regulatory T Cells by Inhibiting AKT/mTOR Pathway. Inflammation 2020; 42:1215-1227. [PMID: 31028576 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-00982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain the function of immune tolerance and the balance of immune cells. Defects in the number and function of Treg cells can induce the development and progression of inflammatory disease. Shikonin, the main active ingredient of Lithospermum, has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. Shikonin is also an effective drug for the treatment of psoriasis, which is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. However, the underlying mechanism is not yet clear. To evaluate the role of shikonin on the induction of Treg cells, we tested the number and function of Treg cells in vivo and in vitro. Shikonin can effectively promote the differentiation of iTreg cells by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway in vitro. Moreover, in vivo, intragastrically administered shikonin effectively improved lesions in mice with imiquimod-induced psoriasis and increased the number of iTreg cells in the spleen and their secretion. Shikonin significantly increases the expression of Foxp3mRNA in skin of the psorisic mice. Therefore, we expect that shikonin can prevent the development of inflammation and treat psoriasis by regulating iTreg cells. Novel ideas for the treatment of psoriasis are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Department of Dermatology, The first affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Liaoning Blood Center, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yajie Yu
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Peng Lian
- Jinzhou City Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center, Jinzhou, 120001, China
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Long Geng
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Lü SL, Dang GH, Deng JC, Liu HY, Liu B, Yang J, Ma XL, Miao YT, Jiang CT, Xu QB, Wang X, Feng J. Shikonin attenuates hyperhomocysteinemia-induced CD4 + T cell inflammatory activation and atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice by metabolic suppression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:47-55. [PMID: 31607752 PMCID: PMC7468273 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell metabolic activation plays a crucial role in inflammation of atherosclerosis. Shikonin (SKN), a natural naphthoquinone with anti-inflammatory activity, has shown to exert cardioprotective effects, but the effect of SKN on atherosclerosis is unclear. In addition, SKN was found to inhibit glycolysis via targeting pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2 (PKM2). In the present study, we investigated the effects of SKN on hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-accelerated atherosclerosis and T cell inflammatory activation in ApoE-/- mice and the metabolic mechanisms in this process. Drinking water supplemented with Hcy (1.8 g/L) was administered to ApoE-/- mice for 2 weeks and the mice were injected with SKN (1.2 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle every 3 days. We showed that SKN treatment markedly attenuated HHcy-accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice and significantly decreased inflammatory activated CD4+ T cells and proinflammatory macrophages in plaques. In splenic CD4+ T cells isolated from HHcy-ApoE-/- mice, SKN treatment significantly inhibited HHcy-stimulated PKM2 activity, interferon-γ secretion and the capacity of these T cells to promote macrophage proinflammatory polarization. SKN treatment significantly inhibited HHcy-stimulated CD4+ T cell glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Metabolic profiling analysis of CD4+ T cells revealed that Hcy administration significantly increased various glucose metabolites as well as lipids and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, which were reversed by SKN treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that SKN is effective to ameliorate atherosclerosis in HHcy-ApoE-/- mice and this is at least partly associated with the inhibition of SKN on CD4+ T cell inflammatory activation via PKM2-dependent metabolic suppression.
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Chen X, Zeng XH, Wang M, Chen L, Zhang N, Rao M, Yang PC, Song J. Bcl2-Like Protein 12 Is Required for the Aberrant T Helper-2 Polarization in the Heart by Enhancing Interleukin-4 Expression and Compromising Apoptotic Machinery in CD4+ T Cells. Circulation 2018; 138:2559-2568. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.033890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.C., M.W., L.C., N.Z., M.R., J.S.)
| | - Xian-Hai Zeng
- Research Center of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, China (X.-H.Z., P.-C.Y)
| | - Mangyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.C., M.W., L.C., N.Z., M.R., J.S.)
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.C., M.W., L.C., N.Z., M.R., J.S.)
| | - Ningning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.C., M.W., L.C., N.Z., M.R., J.S.)
| | - Man Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.C., M.W., L.C., N.Z., M.R., J.S.)
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- Research Center of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, China (X.-H.Z., P.-C.Y)
| | - Jiangping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.C., M.W., L.C., N.Z., M.R., J.S.)
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Liao PL, Lin CH, Li CH, Tsai CH, Ho JD, Chiou GCY, Kang JJ, Cheng YW. Anti-inflammatory properties of shikonin contribute to improved early-stage diabetic retinopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44985. [PMID: 28322323 PMCID: PMC5359562 DOI: 10.1038/srep44985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major microvascular complication of diabetes, leads to retinal vascular leakage, neuronal dysfunction, and apoptosis within the retina. In this study, we combined STZ with whole-body hypoxia (10% O2) for quicker induction of early-stage retinopathy in C57BL/6 mice. We also compared the effects of a high glucose condition combined with hypoxia (1% O2) to a low glucose condition by using retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, which are a crucial component of the outer blood-retinal barrier and the damage is related to retinopathy. In the retina of DM/hypoxic C57BL/6 mice, abnormal a-wave and b-wave activity, yellowish-white spots, hyperfluorescence, and reduced retinal thickness were found using electroretinography (ERG), fundus photography (FP), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Shikonin dose-dependently (0.5–50 mg/kg, per os) prevented DM/hypoxia-induced lesions. In eye tissue, administration of shikonin also attenuated DM/hypoxia-induced pre-apoptotic protein BAX expression as well as the production of inflammatory proteins cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We also demonstrated that shikonin administration rescues high glucose/hypoxia (1% O2)-induced inflammation, decreased junction protein expression, and permeability in RPE cells. These results indicate that shikonin treatment may prevent the loss of vision associated with DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lin Liao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Cheng-Hui Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ching-Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Hao Tsai
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jau-Der Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - George C Y Chiou
- Institute of Ocular Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jaw-Jou Kang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
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Lee CC, Wang CN, Lee YL, Tsai YR, Liu JJ. High mobility group box 1 induced human lung myofibroblasts differentiation and enhanced migration by activation of MMP-9. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116393. [PMID: 25692286 PMCID: PMC4332862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that involves the binding with DNA and influences chromatin regulation and transcription. HMGB1 is also a cytokine that can activate monocytes and neutrophils involved in inflammation. In this study, we investigated the role of HMGB1 on cellular activation using human fibroblast cell line WI-38. After treatment with 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL of HMGB1 for 24 h, we did not find obviously cytotoxicity and cellular proliferation of WI-38 cells by MTT and BrdU incorporation assay, respectively. However, we found that treatment with 10 and 100 ng/mL of HMGB1 induced the differentiation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and myofibroblasts showed higher migration ability through activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activation. To delineate the mechanism underlying HMGB1-induced cellular migration, we examined HMGB1-induced mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal related kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38) phosphorylation, as well as nuclear factor (NF)-κB nuclear translocation. Using specific inhibitors and shRNAs of protein kinases, we observed that repression of ERK, JNK, p38, and NF-κB all inhibited HMGB1-induced cellular differentiation, migration and MMP-9 activation in WI-38 cells. In addition, knocking down of RAGE but not TLR2 and TLR4 by shRNAs attenuated HMGB1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and migration. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that HMGB1 induced lung fibroblasts’ differentiation into myofibroblasts and enhanced cell migration through induction of MMP-9 activation and the RAGE-MAPK and NF-κB interaction signaling pathways. Targeting HMGB1 might be a potential therapeutic approach for alleviation of airway remodeling seen in chronic airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Chien-Neng Wang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Lun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Jin Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Jin M, Kim SR, Yoon SJ, Jeong HH, Kim DK, Cho E, Yang M, Pyo MY. Suppressive effects of fructus of Magnolia denudata on IL-4 and IL-13 expression in T cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:805-14. [PMID: 23949779 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnolia species have been used for the treatment of allergic diseases in Asia as folk medicine; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of its anti-allergic effects have rarely been investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that a methanolic extract of the fructus of Magnolia denudata has suppressive effects on Th2 cytokine production such as IL-4 and IL-13, but not IFN-γ and IL-17, produced by both phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin (PI)- and CD3/CD28-stimulated EL-4 T cells. Moreover, the mRNA expression of Th2 cytokines was significantly inhibited, and luciferase activity in cells transiently transfected with IL-4 or IL-13 promoter reporter plasmids was suppressed by M. denudata, indicating that M. denudata may regulate these expression at the transcriptional level. Western blot analysis for transcription factors involved in the cytokine gene expression indicated that the activation of c-Jun was significantly downregulated in the nucleus of cells, while the activations of nuclear factor of activated T cells, nuclear factor kappa B and c-Fos, were not affected. Furthermore, the mRNA expression and nuclear translocation of GATA-binding protein 3, a key transcriptional factor for Th2 commitment and Th2 cytokine expression, but not T-bet and RORγt, were dramatically downregulated by M. denudata. Treatment with M. denudata suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; however, the PI-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase was unaffected. Taken together, our study indicated that M. denudata inhibited IL-4 and IL-13 expression, possibly through regulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and selective transcription factors, such as GATA-3 and c-Jun, in EL-4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirim Jin
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 300-716, Republic of Korea
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Lee CC, Lai YT, Chang HT, Liao JW, Shyu WC, Li CY, Wang CN. Inhibition of high-mobility group box 1 in lung reduced airway inflammation and remodeling in a mouse model of chronic asthma. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:940-9. [PMID: 23948063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in chronic allergic asthma is currently unclear. Both airway neutrophilia and eosinophilia and increase in HMGB1 expression in the lungs in our murine model of chronic asthma. Inhibition of HMGB1 expression in lung in ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice decreased induced airway inflammation, mucus formation, and collagen deposition in lung tissues. Analysis of the numbers of CD4(+) T helper (Th) cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes and lungs revealed that Th17 showed greater increases than Th2 cells and Th1 cells in OVA-immunized mice; further, the numbers of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells decreased in anti-HMGB1 antibody (Ab)-treated mice. In OVA-immunized mice, TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression, but not RAGE expression, was activated in the lungs and attenuated after anti-HMGB1 Ab treatment. The results showed that increase in HMGB1 release and expression in the lungs could be an important pathological mechanism underlying chronic allergic asthma and HMGB1 might a potential therapeutic target for chronic allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medicine University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, China Medicine University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medicine University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Lee CC, Wang CN, Kang JJ, Liao JW, Chiang BL, Chen HC, Hu CM, Lin CD, Huang SH, Lai YT. Antiallergic asthma properties of brazilin through inhibition of TH2 responses in T cells and in a murine model of asthma. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:9405-9414. [PMID: 22920671 DOI: 10.1021/jf2038778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether brazilin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects that inhibit T helper cell type II (T(H)2) responses and whether it suppresses allergic inflammation reactions in a murine model of asthma. We found that brazilin inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and cAMP in EL-4 T cells in a dose-dependent manner. Following the intratracheal instillation of brazilin in ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice, we found that brazilin-treated mice exhibited decreases in the release of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); inhibited T(H)2 functioning via a decrease in IL-4 production; and exhibited attenuation of OVA-induced lung eosinophilia, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling. These results suggest that brazilin exhibits anti-T(H)2 effects both in vitro and in vivo and may possess therapeutic potential for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Wen CC, Chen HM, Yang NS. Developing Phytocompounds from Medicinal Plants as Immunomodulators. ADVANCES IN BOTANICAL RESEARCH 2012; 62:197-272. [PMID: 32300254 PMCID: PMC7150268 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394591-4.00004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance or malfunction of the immune systems is associated with a range of chronic diseases including autoimmune diseases, allergies, cancers and others. Various innate and adaptive immune cells that are integrated in this complex networking system may represent promising targets for developing immunotherapeutics for treating specific immune diseases. A spectrum of phytochemicals have been isolated, characterized and modified for development and use as prevention or treatment of human diseases. Many cytotoxic drugs and antibiotics have been developed from phytocompounds, but the application of traditional or new medicinal plants for use as immunomodulators in treating immune diseases is still relatively limited. In this review, a selected group of medicinal herbs, their derived crude or fractionated phytoextracts and the specific phytochemicals/phytocompounds isolated from them, as well as categorized phytocompound groups with specific chemical structures are discussed in terms of their immunomodulatory bioactivities. We also assess their potential for future development as immunomodulatory or inflammation-regulatory therapeutics or agents. New experimental approaches for evaluating the immunomodulatory activities of candidate phytomedicines are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Wen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ming Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Sun Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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