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Sharma GP, Himburg HA. Organ-Specific Endothelial Dysfunction Following Total Body Irradiation Exposure. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10120747. [PMID: 36548580 PMCID: PMC9781710 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
As the single cell lining of the heart and all blood vessels, the vascular endothelium serves a critical role in maintaining homeostasis via control of vascular tone, immune cell recruitment, and macromolecular transit. For victims of acute high-dose radiation exposure, damage to the vascular endothelium may exacerbate the pathogenesis of acute and delayed multi-organ radiation toxicities. While commonalities exist between radiation-induced endothelial dysfunction in radiosensitive organs, the vascular endothelium is known to be highly heterogeneous as it is required to serve tissue and organ specific roles. In keeping with its organ and tissue specific functionality, the molecular and cellular response of the endothelium to radiation injury varies by organ. Therefore, in the development of medical countermeasures for multi-organ injury, it is necessary to consider organ and tissue-specific endothelial responses to both injury and candidate mitigators. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction following total or near total body irradiation exposure at the level of individual radiosensitive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guru Prasad Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Heather A. Himburg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(414)-955-4676
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2
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Wang Y, Tu W, Tang Y, Zhang S. Prevention and treatment for radiation-induced skin injury during radiotherapy. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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3
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Yin HY, Tang J, Zhang JL. Introducing Metallosalens into Biological Studies: The Renaissance of Traditional Coordination Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yan Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; 100871 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Juan Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; 100871 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; 100871 Beijing P. R. China
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4
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He H, Chang R, Zhang T, Yang C, Kong Z. ATM mediates DAB2IP-deficient bladder cancer cell resistance to ionizing radiation through the p38MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1216-1222. [PMID: 28586028 PMCID: PMC5561968 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although surgery remains the standard therapy for the treatment of bladder cancer (BCa), the data from previous clinical studies suggest that there is an increase in the number of patients with a preference for bladder preservation strategies, including radiotherapy, to improve their life quality. Our preliminary results showed that disabled homolog 2 interactive protein (DAB2IP), a putative tumor suppressor gene, is often downregulated in BCa with a radioresistant phenotype. Subsequent investigations revealed that elevated expression of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) induced by DAB2IP-knockdown may be the key event in BCa cell resistance to ionizing radiation (IR). However, how ATM is involved in the survival of DAB2IP-deficient cells exposed to IR remains to be fully elucidated. The present study knocked down the expression of ATM in DAB2IP-deficient BCa cells using RNA interference technology. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways were detected by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. It was demonstrated that knockdown of ATM enhanced the response of DAB2IP-deficient BCa cells to IR, which may have resulted from delayed DNA double-strand break repair kinetics, compromised nuclear factor-κB translocation, inhibited phosphorylation of p38 and the induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Taken together, these findings suggested that ATM may be an effective target in the radiotherapy of patients with DAB2IP-deficient BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Rulve Chang
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhaolu Kong
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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5
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Wu X, Fu Y, Sun X, Liu C, Chai M, Chen C, Dai L, Gao Y, Jiang H, Zhang J. The possible FAT1-mediated apoptotic pathways in porcine cumulus cells. Cell Biol Int 2016; 41:24-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wu
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Yao Fu
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Xulei Sun
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
- Shenyang Jiuzhou Hosipital; Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Menglong Chai
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
- College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agriculture University; Beijing China
| | - Chengzhen Chen
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Lisheng Dai
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Hao Jiang
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
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Williams JP, Calvi L, Chakkalakal JV, Finkelstein JN, O’Banion MK, Puzas E. Addressing the Symptoms or Fixing the Problem? Developing Countermeasures against Normal Tissue Radiation Injury. Radiat Res 2016; 186:1-16. [PMID: 27332954 PMCID: PMC4991354 DOI: 10.1667/rr14473.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline P. Williams
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Laura Calvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Joe V. Chakkalakal
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jacob N. Finkelstein
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - M. Kerry O’Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Edward Puzas
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Stansborough RL, Al-dasooqi N, Bateman EH, Keefe DMK, Gibson RJ. Radiotherapy-induced gut toxicity: Involvement of matrix metalloproteinases and the intestinal microvasculature. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:241-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1146830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Mintet E, Rannou E, Buard V, West G, Guipaud O, Tarlet G, Sabourin JC, Benderitter M, Fiocchi C, Milliat F, François A. Identification of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition as a Potential Participant in Radiation Proctitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:2550-62. [PMID: 26185013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is a crucial cellular process during heart development necessary to the formation of cardiac valves. This embryonic process reappears in several pathological situations, such as vascular injury or organ fibrosis of various etiologies, as a mediator of extracellular matrix-producing cells. Because radiation induces both vascular damage and fibrosis, we investigated whether radiation exposure induces EndoMT in primary human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMECs) and whether EndoMT contributes to radiation-induced rectal damage in humans and in a preclinical model of radiation proctitis in mice. Irradiated HIMECs show phenotypic hallmarks of radiation-induced endothelial cell activation in vitro. Moreover, HIMECs undergo changes in molecular expression pattern compatible with EndoMT, with up-regulation of mesenchymal markers and down-regulation of endothelial markers via transforming growth factor/Smad pathway activation. In vivo, EndoMT readily occurs in the human rectum after radiation therapy for rectal adenocarcinoma. Finally, EndoMT was observed in rectal mucosal and submucosal microvessels in a preclinical model of radiation proctitis in Tie2-green fluorescent protein reporter-expressing mice all along radiation proctitis development, also associated with transforming growth factor/Smad pathway activation. In conclusion, radiation-induced cell activation and tissue inflammation constitute a setting that fosters the phenotypic conversion of endothelial cells into mesenchymal cells. Therefore, EndoMT is identified as a potential participant in radiation-induced gut damage and may represent an interesting therapeutic target in cases of radiation-induced pelvic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Mintet
- Department of Radiobiology and Epidemiology, Radiobiology and Radiopathology Research Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Emilie Rannou
- Department of Radiobiology and Epidemiology, Radiobiology and Radiopathology Research Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Valérie Buard
- Department of Radiobiology and Epidemiology, Radiobiology and Radiopathology Research Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gail West
- Department of Pathobiology, Digestive Disease Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Olivier Guipaud
- Department of Radiobiology and Epidemiology, Radiobiology and Radiopathology Research Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Georges Tarlet
- Department of Radiobiology and Epidemiology, Radiobiology and Radiopathology Research Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Marc Benderitter
- Department of Radiobiology and Epidemiology, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Pathobiology, Digestive Disease Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Fabien Milliat
- Department of Radiobiology and Epidemiology, Radiobiology and Radiopathology Research Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Agnès François
- Department of Radiobiology and Epidemiology, Radiobiology and Radiopathology Research Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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9
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Banerjee P, Majumder P, Halder S, Drew MGB, Bhattacharya S, Mazumder S. Comparative anti-proliferative activity of some new 2-(arylazo)phenolate-palladium (II) complexes and cisplatin against some human cancer cell lines. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:253-68. [PMID: 25564263 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.998665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the synthesis of four 2-(arylazo)phenol-Pd(II) complexes and their anti-proliferative property against the human lung cancer (A549), cervical cancer (HeLa), and ovarian teratocarcinoma (PA-1) cell lines with cisplatin as the gold standard. One of the complexes, [Pd(L(2))2], induced robust apoptosis in all the chosen cells, as revealed by annexin-V-positive/propidium iodide dual staining, increased sub-G1 cell cycle population, and significant morphological changes in the treated cells. The Pd complex inflicted mitochondrial dysfunction leading to mitochondrial membrane potential loss, reactive oxygen species generation and release of cytosolic cytochrome c that activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 proteins which finally caused programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta , India
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Medda R, Lyros O, Schmidt JL, Jovanovic N, Nie L, Link BJ, Otterson MF, Stoner GD, Shaker R, Rafiee P. Anti inflammatory and anti angiogenic effect of black raspberry extract on human esophageal and intestinal microvascular endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2014; 97:167-80. [PMID: 25446010 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds (anthocyanins, flavonoid glycosides) in berries prevent the initiation, promotion, and progression of carcinogenesis in rat's digestive tract and esophagus, in part, via anti-inflammatory pathways. Angiogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects of black raspberry extract (BRE) on two organ specific primary human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells, (HIMEC) and human esophageal microvascular endothelial cells (HEMEC), isolated from surgically resected human intestinal and donor discarded esophagus, respectively. HEMEC and HIMEC were stimulated with TNF-α/IL-1β with or without BRE. The anti-inflammatory effects of BRE were assessed based upon COX-2, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene and protein expression, PGE2 production, NFκB p65 subunit nuclear translocation as well as endothelial cell-leukocyte adhesion. The anti-angiogenic effects of BRE were assessed on cell migration, proliferation and tube formation following VEGF stimulation as well as on activation of Akt, MAPK and JNK signaling pathways. BRE inhibited TNF-α/IL-1β-induced NFκB p65 nuclear translocation, PGE2 production, up-regulation of COX-2, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene and protein expression and leukocyte binding in HEMEC but not in HIMEC. BRE attenuated VEGF-induced cell migration, proliferation and tube formation in both HEMEC and HIMEC. The anti-angiogenic effect of BRE is mediated by inhibition of Akt, MAPK and JNK phosphorylations. BRE exerted differential anti-inflammatory effects between HEMEC and HIMEC following TNF-α/IL-1β activation whereas demonstrated similar anti-angiogenic effects following VEGF stimulation in both cell lines. These findings may provide more insight into the anti-tumorigenic capacities of BRE in human disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Medda
- Department of Surgery, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Orestis Lyros
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jamie L Schmidt
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nebojsa Jovanovic
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Linghui Nie
- Department of Surgery, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin J Link
- Department of Surgery, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mary F Otterson
- Department of Surgery, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Gary D Stoner
- Cancer Center, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Reza Shaker
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Parvaneh Rafiee
- Department of Surgery, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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11
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Lyros O, Rafiee P, Nie L, Medda R, Jovanovic N, Schmidt J, Mackinnon A, Venu N, Shaker R. Dickkopf-1, the Wnt antagonist, is induced by acidic pH and mediates epithelial cellular senescence in human reflux esophagitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 306:G557-74. [PMID: 24481601 PMCID: PMC3962590 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00153.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Squamous esophageal epithelium adapts to acid reflux-mediated injury by proliferation and differentiation via signal transduction pathways. Induction of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) is involved in tissue repair during inflammation and cellular injury. In this study, we aimed to identify the biological role of Dkk1 in human reflux esophagitis with respect to cell growth and regulation of Wnt signaling. Esophageal biopsies from reflux-esophagitis patients (n = 15) and healthy individuals (n = 10) were characterized in terms of Dkk1 expression. The role of Dkk1 in response to acid-mediated epithelial injury was analyzed by cellular assays in vitro utilizing squamous esophageal epithelial cell lines (EPC1-hTERT, EPC2-hTERT, and HEEC). Dkk1 was significantly overexpressed in human reflux-esophagitis tissue compared with healthy esophageal mucosa at transcriptional and translational levels. After acute and chronic acid (pH 4) exposure, esophageal squamous epithelial cell lines expressed and secreted high levels of Dkk1 in response to stress-associated DNA injury. High extracellular levels of human recombinant Dkk1 inhibited epithelial cell growth and induced cellular senescence in vitro, as demonstrated by reduced cell proliferation, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, elevated senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, and upregulation of p16. Acid pulsing induced Dkk1-mediated senescence, which was directly linked to the ability of Dkk1 to antagonize the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In healthy esophageal mucosa, Dkk1 expression was associated with low expression of transcriptionally active β-catenin, while in reflux-esophagitis tissue, Dkk1 overexpression correlated with increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and p16 upregulation. The data indicate that, in human reflux esophagitis, Dkk1 functions as a secreted growth inhibitor by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and promoting cellular senescence. These findings suggest a significant role for Dkk1 and cellular senescence in esophageal tissue homeostasis during reflux esophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Lyros
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;
| | - Parvaneh Rafiee
- 2Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Linghui Nie
- 2Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Rituparna Medda
- 2Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Nebojsa Jovanovic
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;
| | - Jamie Schmidt
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;
| | - Alexander Mackinnon
- 3Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Nanda Venu
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;
| | - Reza Shaker
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;
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12
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Lipopolysaccharide induces endoplasmic store Ca2+-dependent inflammatory responses in lung microvessels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63465. [PMID: 23675486 PMCID: PMC3651233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary microvasculature plays a critical role in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. However, the relevant signaling remain unclear. Specifically the role of endothelial Ca2+ in the induction of endotoxin-mediated responses in lung microvessels remains undefined. Toward elucidating this, we used the isolated blood-perfused rat lung preparation. We loaded microvessels with the Ca2+ indicator, Fura 2 AM and then determined Ca2+ responses to infusions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the microvessels. LPS induced a more than two-fold increase in the amplitude of cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations. Inhibiting inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptors on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores with Xestospongin C (XeC), blocked the LPS-induced increase in the Ca2+ oscillation amplitude. However, XeC did not affect entry of external Ca2+ via plasma membrane Ca2+ channels in lung microvascular endothelial cells. This suggested that LPS augmented the oscillations via release of Ca2+ from ER stores. In addition, XeC also blocked LPS-mediated activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B in lung microvessels. Further, inhibiting ER Ca2+ release blunted increases in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and retention of naïve leukocytes in LPS-treated microvessels. Taken together, the data suggest that LPS-mediated Ca2+ release from ER stores underlies nuclear factor-kappa B activation and downstream inflammatory signaling in lung microvessels. Thus, we show for the first time a role for inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate-mediated ER Ca2+ release in the induction of LPS responses in pulmonary microvascular endothelium. Mechanisms that blunt this signaling may mitigate endotoxin-induced morbidity.
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Zhang GJ, Zhang Z. Effect of Bcl-2 on Apoptosis and Transcription Factor NF-κB Activation Induced by Adriamycin in Bladder Carcinoma BIU87 Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:2387-91. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.4.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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14
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Boric MA, Torres M, Pinto C, Pino M, Hidalgo P, Gabler F, Fuentes A, Johnson MC. TNF system in eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojog.2013.32051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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