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Nair Y, Joy F, Vinod TP, Vineetha MC, Kurup MRP, Kaya S, Serdaroğlu G, Erkan S. Spectroscopic, crystal structure and DFT-assisted studies of some nickel(II) chelates of a heterocyclic-based NNO donor aroylhydrazone: in vitro DNA binding and docking studies. Mol Divers 2024; 28:509-530. [PMID: 36656464 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Five new nickel(II) complexes have been synthesised with an NNO donor tridentate aroylhydrazone (HFPB) employing the chloride, nitrate, acetate and perchlorate salts, and all the complexes are physiochemically characterized. Elemental analyses suggested stoichiometries as Ni(FPB)(NO3)]·2H2O (1), [Ni(HFPB)(FPB)]Cl (2), [Ni(FPB)(OAc)(DMF)] (3), [Ni(FPB)(ClO4)]·DMF (4), [Ni(FPB)2] (5). Aroylhydrazone is found coordinating in deprotonated iminolate form in four of the complexes (1, 3, 4, 5) however in one case (complex 2), two aroylhydrazone moieties are binding to the metal centre in the neutral and anionic forms. The structure of the bisligated complex 5, found using single crystal X ray diffraction studies confirmed that the metal has a distorted octahedral N4O2 coordination environment, with each of the two deprotonated ligands coordinating through the pyridine nitrogen, imino-hydrazone nitrogen and the enolate oxygen of the hydrazone moiety. To compare and study, the electronic interactions and stabilities of the metal complexes, various quantum chemical parameters were calculated. Moreover, Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out for complex 5 to determine the intermolecular interactions. The biophysical attributes of the ligand and complex 5 have been investigated with CT-DNA and experimental outcomes show that the Ni(II) complex exhibited higher binding propensity towards DNA as compared to ligand. Furthermore, to specifically understand the type of interactions of the metal complexes with DNA, molecular docking studies were effectuated. In addition, the electronic and related reactivity behaviors of the ligand and five Ni(II) complexes were studied using B3LYP/6-31 + + G**/LANL2DZ level. As expected, the obtained results from Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) computations displayed that the resonance interactions (n → π* and π → π*) play a determinant role in evaluating the chemical attributes of the reported compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamuna Nair
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 029, India
| | - Francis Joy
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 029, India
| | - T P Vinod
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 029, India
| | - M C Vineetha
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682 022, India
- Department of Chemistry, Sree Kerala Varma College, Thrissur, Kerala, 680 011, India
| | - M R Prathapachandra Kurup
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682 022, India.
| | - Savaş Kaya
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Services Vocational School, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey
| | - Goncagül Serdaroğlu
- Faculty of Education, Math. and Sci. Edu., Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sultan Erkan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58010, Sivas, Turkey
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Mato-López L, Sar-Rañó A, Fernández MR, Díaz-Prado ML, Gil A, Sánchez-González Á, Fernández-Bertólez N, Méndez J, Valdiglesias V, Avecilla F. Relationship between structure and cytotoxicity of vanadium and molybdenum complexes with pyridoxal derived ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 235:111937. [PMID: 35870443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work four vanadium complexes (compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4) and one molybdenum complex (compound 5) with hydrazone ligands derived from pyridoxal were synthesized and characterized. All compounds are mononuclear species, two of them (compounds 3 and 5) are dioxide complexes and the other three (compounds 1, 2 and 4) monoxide complexes. The vanadium atom of the compound 3 is five-coordinated and all the other compounds have a six coordinated environment polyhedron. The poses for the potential intercalation of the compounds 2 and 3 with DNA were obtained by using AutoDock software. Optimizations were also performed at PM6-D3H4 semi-empirical level whereas the study of the nature of the interaction was carried out by means of the Energy Decomposition Analysis and the Non-Covalent Interaction index by using in both cases Density Functional Theory computations. The cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells (A549 cell line) of all the compounds was also evaluated. After 24 h of treatment, vanadium complexes showed high values of IC50, between 419.93 ± 22.58 and 685.88 ± 46.55 μM. After 48 h, the results showed that the compound 3 had the lowest IC50 value, 65.32 ± 9.95 μM, and the compound 2 the highest value, 375.28 ± 32.09 μM. The molybdenum complex showed the lowest IC50 value at 48 h (11.22 ± 1.34 μM). The toxicity of the compounds 3, 4 and 5 was tested in vivo, using zebrafish model, and the molybdenum complex showed higher toxic effects than the studied vanadium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Mato-López
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus de A Coruña, 15071A Coruña, Spain
| | - Antía Sar-Rañó
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus de A Coruña, 15071A Coruña, Spain
| | - Miguel Riopedre Fernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - María Luz Díaz-Prado
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NEUROVER, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Adrià Gil
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, c/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; ARAID Foundation, Zaragoza, Spain; BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ángel Sánchez-González
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Natalia Fernández-Bertólez
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Josefina Méndez
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Fernando Avecilla
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus de A Coruña, 15071A Coruña, Spain.
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Kargar H, Nateghi-Jahromi M, Fallah-Mehrjardi M, Behjatmanesh-Ardakani R, Munawar KS, Ali S, Ashfaq M, Tahir MN. Synthesis, spectral characterization, crystal structure and catalytic activity of a novel dioxomolybdenum Schiff base complex containing 4-aminobenzhydrazone ligand: A combined experimental and theoretical study. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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4
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Kargar H, Moghimi A, Fallah-Mehrjardi M, Behjatmanesh-Ardakani R, Rudbari HA, Munawar KS. New oxovanadium and dioxomolybdenum complexes as catalysts for sulfoxidation: experimental and theoretical investigations of E and Z isomers of ONO tridentate Schiff base ligand. J Sulphur Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2021.1941020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Kargar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Moghimi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Khurram Shahzad Munawar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mianwali, Pakistan
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5
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Novel dioxomolybdenum complexes containing ONO-tridentate Schiff base ligands derived from 4-aminobenzohydrazide: synthesis, spectral characterization, and application as efficient homogeneous catalysts for selective sulfoxidation. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Koubaa FG, Chaâbane M, Turki M, Ayadi FM, El Feki A. Anti-oxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Salvia officinalis essential oil against vanadium-induced oxidative stress and histological changes in the rat liver. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11001-11015. [PMID: 33106906 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of Salvia officinalis essential oil (SOEO) against vanadium-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Animals were divided into three groups: the first group served as the control (C), where rats received daily 0.5 mL of saline solution (0.9%) given by intraperitoneal (i.p.) way. Rats in the second group (V) received daily by i.p. way 5 mg/kg BW of NH4VO3 (V). Rats in the third group (SV) received daily V (5 mg/kg BW) by i.p. way and SOEO (15 mg/kg BW) by gavage. Animals were sacrificed after 4 or 10 days of treatment. Administration of V increased plasma ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH activities, and cholesterol, bilirubin, triglyceride, and NO levels in rats and reduced anti-oxidant enzyme activities in the liver. Treatment with SOEO significantly attenuated these changes. Moreover, the histopathological changes and the overexpression of Hsp72/73 proteins induced by V were significantly improved by SOEO. Therefore, our results suggested that SOEO could protect against V-induced oxidative damage in rat livers. The hepatoprotective effect of SOEO might be attributed to its modulation of detoxification enzymes and/or to its anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ghorbel Koubaa
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Mariem Chaâbane
- Enzymes and Bioconversion Unit, National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Turki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Makni Ayadi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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7
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Aliabad HB, Mohamadi M, Falahati-Pour SK, Hajizadeh MR, Abdollahdokht D, Nematollahi MH, Mahmoodi M. Interaction of a Vanadyl Schiff Base Complex with DNA and BSA: A Combination of Experimental and Computational Studies. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:630-639. [PMID: 32698739 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200721105134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cancer is the primary cause of death in the world. Vanadium (IV) is a metal ion complex which has been proposed as a suitable candidate for cancer treatment. In this study, the interaction of the oxido-vanadium (IV) complex [VOL(bipy)] with salmon sperm DNA and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) was investigated through experimental and computational approaches. With the results of this experimental study, the mechanism and parameters related to the interaction of [VOL(bipy)] with DNA and BSA were determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS The kinetic interaction of DNA and BSA with [VOL(bipy)] was determined using absorption titration and fluorescence quenching, respectively. Moreover, the possible interactions were calculated by molecular docking prediction using the available software. RESULTS The binding constant (Kb) of the complex-DNA interaction was calculated to be 2.34×104 M-1, indicating a relatively strong interaction between the complex and DNA. It was found that the V(IV) complex interacted with DNA through the groove binding mode followed by partial intercalation into the DNA helix. The Kb values obtained for [VOL(bipy)]-BSA interaction were in the range of 1.07×103-5.82×104 M-1. The V(IV) complex was found to prefer the domain I binding pocket of BSA with the ΔGb value of -7.52 kcal/mol. CONCLUSION Both experimental and computational analyses confirmed the interaction of the vanadium complex with DNA and BSA. The moderate affinity of [VOL(bipy)] for BSA indicates that this protein is a good candidate for transferring the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid B Aliabad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohamadi
- Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Soudeh K Falahati-Pour
- Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Hajizadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Danial Abdollahdokht
- Department of Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Nematollahi
- Department of Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahmoodi
- Department of Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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8
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Tyszka-Czochara M, Adach A, Grabowski T, Konieczny P, Pasko P, Ortyl J, Świergosz T, Majka M. Selective Cytotoxicity of Complexes with N,N,N-Donor Dipodal Ligand in Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041802. [PMID: 33670389 PMCID: PMC7917659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present article demonstrates selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells of the complexes [Co(LD)2]I2∙CH3OH (1), [CoLD(NCS)2] (2) and [VOLD(NCS)2]∙C6H5CH3 (3) containing the dipodal tridentate ligand LD = N,N-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)amine), formed in situ. All tested complexes expressed greater anticancer activities and were less toxic towards noncancerous cells than cisplatin. Cobalt complexes (1 and 2) combined high cytotoxicity with selectivity towards cancer cells and caused massive tumour cell death. The vanadium complex (3) induced apoptosis specifically in cancer cells and targeted proteins, controlling their invasive and metastatic properties. The presented experimental data and computational prediction of drug ability of coordination compounds may be helpful for designing novel and less toxic metal-based anticancer species with high specificities towards tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Adach
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | | | - Paweł Konieczny
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (P.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Paweł Pasko
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Kraków, Poland;
- Photo HiTech Ltd., Life Science Park, Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Świergosz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Marcin Majka
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (P.K.); (M.M.)
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Spectral studies and crystal structures of molybdenum(VI) complexes containing pyridine or picoline as auxiliary ligands: interaction energy calculations and free radical scavenging studies. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-020-00440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Mirjalili S, Dejamfekr M, Moshtaghian A, Salehi M, Behzad M, Khaleghian A. Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest in MKN45 Cells after Schiff Base Oxovanadium Complex Treatment Using Changes in Gene Expression of CdC25 and P53. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2020; 70:545-551. [PMID: 32886933 DOI: 10.1055/a-1235-5565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Compounds containing heavy metals such as vanadium, nickel, and cobalt may be useful for the treatment of various diseases. Multiple studies have been carried out on the anticancer effects of vanadium-contained compounds on different cell types. This study aimed to evaluate the role of schiff base oxovanadium complex ([N,N'-bis(3-methoxy-salicylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine]Vanadium(IV) Oxide Complex) on cell cycle arrest and different cell cycle phases in MKN45 cell of gastric cancer. Schiff base oxovanadium complex was used to assessthe amount of cytotoxicity via cell viability test. PI color and flow cytometry technique were applied to evaluate the effects of vanadium synthetic compounds on cell cycle phases; subsequently, we analyzed the change rates of gene expression in P53, GADD45, and CDC25 genes, which are involved in cell division phases. The findings indicated that the vital activities of time-dependent and concentration-dependent MKN45 cells with schiff base oxovanadium complex were significantly reduced; therefore, this complex is able to inhibit the migration of cancer cells and metastatic activities in a time-dependent mode. Cell cycle arrest was obtained after 48 h of treatment in phase G2/M at 1 microgram/milliliter (μg/ml) concentration. This is probably attributed to the increased gene expression of P53 and GADD45 genes and reduced gene expression of CDC25 gene. Compounds containing such heavy metals as vanadium decrease the growth, proliferation, and migration of MKN45 cells. They arrest cell cycle in phase G2/M via changing the controllers of cell division phases activated due to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mirjalili
- Department of Biochemistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maedeh Dejamfekr
- Department of Biochemistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Salehi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behzad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Khaleghian
- Department of Biochemistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Cytotoxic Activity of Vanadium Compounds against Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071757. [PMID: 32290299 PMCID: PMC7180481 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering that metals are essential for the structure and function of biomolecules has given a completely new perspective on the role of metal ions in living organisms. Nowadays, the design and synthesis of new metal-based compounds, as well as metal ion binding components, for the treatment of human diseases is one of the main aims of bioinorganic chemistry. One of the areas in vanadium-based compound research is their potential anticancer activity. In this review, we summarize recent molecular and cellular mechanisms in the cytotoxic activity of many different synthetic vanadium complexes as well as inorganic salts. Such mechanisms shall include DNA binding, oxidative stress, cell cycle regulation and programed cell death. We focus mainly on cellular studies involving many type of cancer cell lines trying to highlight some new significant advances.
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12
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Kuriakose D, Kurup MP. Crystal structures and supramolecular architectures of ONO donor hydrazone and solvent exchangeable dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes derived from 3,5-diiodosalicyaldehyde-4-methoxybenzoylhydrazone: Hirshfeld surface analysis and interaction energy calculations. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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Zou DH, Sun N, Chen W. Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Oxidovanadium(V) Complexes Derived from Hydrazones with the Catalytic Property. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476619070114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Iliev I, Kontrec D, Detcheva R, Georgieva M, Balacheva A, Galić N, Pajpanova T. Cancer cell growth inhibition by aroylhydrazone derivatives. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1608302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Iliev
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Molecular Design and Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev” Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Darko Kontrec
- Laboratory for Stereoselective Catalysis and Biocatalysis Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Roumiana Detcheva
- Department of Molecular Design and Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev” Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya Georgieva
- Department of Molecular Design and Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev” Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Balacheva
- Department of Molecular Design and Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev” Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nives Galić
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Pajpanova
- Department of Molecular Design and Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev” Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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15
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Vineetha M, Sithambaresan M, Nair YS, Prathapachandra Kurup M. Structural investigation of discrete solvent protonated vanadium and other transition metal complexes of N'-[(E)-(3-ethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide, synthetic, spectroscopic and cytotoxicity studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Synthesis and characterization of a new aroylhydrazone ligand and its cobalt(III) complexes: X-ray crystallography and in vitro evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activities. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Bakhshi Aliabad H, Khanamani Falahati-Pour S, Ahmadirad H, Mohamadi M, Hajizadeh MR, Mahmoodi M. Vanadium complex: an appropriate candidate for killing hepatocellular carcinoma cancerous cells. Biometals 2018; 31:981-990. [PMID: 30255365 PMCID: PMC6245096 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent human malignancy which its drug resistance is increasing world-wide. This project was designed to assess the anti-cancer effects of 4-bromo-2-(((5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl) imino) methyl) phenol ([IV(L)] complex) on the HepG2 cell line and also L929 cells, as normal cells. HepG2 and L929 cells were cultured in RPMI culture medium and the survival rates of the cells were determined after 24 and 48 h using MTT assay to find IC50 concentration of vanadium m, [IV(L)] complex. The early apoptosis and necrosis/late apoptosis were determined by means of annexin V/PI apoptosis detection kit. The results revealed that vanadium m, [IV(L)] complex induce early apoptosis higher in HepG2 cell line than L929 cells. The rates of necrosis/late apoptosis were also induced in HepG2 cells more than L929 cells. Based on the results, vanadium m, [IV(L)] complex might be considered as a safe new drug for treatment of HCC with low side effects on control liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Bakhshi Aliabad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Hadis Ahmadirad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohamadi
- Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hajizadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahmoodi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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18
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Zhang XZ, Chen XF, Li C, Kong S, Li HH, You Z, Zhu HL. Characterization and X-Ray Structures of Oxovanadium(V) Complexes Derived from Hydrazone Ligands. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476618030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Halogen/azide bridged box dimer copper(II) complexes of 2-benzoylpyridine-3-methoxybenzhydrazone: Structural and spectral studies. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Vanadium Compounds as PTP Inhibitors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122269. [PMID: 29257048 PMCID: PMC6150004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphotyrosine signaling is regulated by the opposing actions of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Here we discuss the potential of vanadium derivatives as PTP enzyme inhibitors and metallotherapeutics. We describe how vanadate in the V oxidized state is thought to inhibit PTPs, thus acting as a pan-inhibitor of this enzyme superfamily. We discuss recent developments in the biological and biochemical actions of more complex vanadium derivatives, including decavanadate and in particular the growing number of oxidovanadium compounds with organic ligands. Pre-clinical studies involving these compounds are discussed in the anti-diabetic and anti-cancer contexts. Although in many cases PTP inhibition has been implicated, it is also clear that many such compounds have further biochemical effects in cells. There also remain concerns surrounding off-target toxicities and long-term use of vanadium compounds in vivo in humans, hindering their progress through clinical trials. Despite these current misgivings, interest in these chemicals continues and many believe they could still have therapeutic potential. If so, we argue that this field would benefit from greater focus on improving the delivery and tissue targeting of vanadium compounds in order to minimize off-target toxicities. This may then harness their full therapeutic potential.
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21
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Sultan S, Ashiq U, Jamal RA, Mahroof-Tahir M, Shaikh Z, Shamshad B, Lateef M, Iqbal L. Vanadium(V) complexes with hydrazides and their spectroscopic and biological properties. Biometals 2017; 30:873-891. [PMID: 28994011 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study explores the synthesis and inhibitory potential of vanadium(V) complexes of hydrazides (1c-12c) against oxidative enzymes including xanthine oxidase and lipoxygenase (LOX). In addition, non-enzymatic radical scavenging activities of these complexes were also determined. On the basis of spectral, elemental and physical data, synthesized vanadium(V) complexes are tentatively assigned to have an octahedral geometry with two hydrazide ligands and two oxo groups forming a negatively charged sphere complex with ammonium as counter ion. This is further verified by the conductivity studies of the complexes. Results show that hydrazide ligands (1-12) and their respective vanadium(V) complexes (1c-12c) posses scavenging and inhibition potential against DPPH and LOX, respectively. However, contrary to that uncoordinated ligands showed no activity against nitric oxide, superoxide and xanthine oxidase whereas their complexes showed varying degree of activity. These studies indicate that geometry of complex, nature and position of substituent groups play a vital role in scavenging and inhibition potential of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Sultan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Ashiq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Rifat Ara Jamal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | | | - Zara Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shamshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | | | - Lubna Iqbal
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
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22
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Synthesis, spectroscopic, crystal structures and photoluminescence studies of cadmium(II) complexes derived from di-2-pyridyl ketone benzoylhydrazone: Crystal structure of a rare eight coordinate cadmium(II) complex. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Nair RS, Potti ME, Thankappan R, Chandrika SK, Kurup MRP, Srinivas P. Molecular trail for the anticancer behavior of a novel copper carbohydrazone complex in BRCA1 mutated breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1501-1514. [PMID: 28052399 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Novel chelated metal complexes were synthesized from carbohydrazones to thiocarbohydrazones using metal-based drug designing platforms and their combination effect with Pb, a naphthaquinone were analyzed for anticancer activity in breast cancer cell lines. A panel of BRCA1 wild-type and mutated breast cancer cells: MCF-7 (BRCA1+ /ER+ ), MDA-MB-231 (BRCA1+ /ERα- ), HCC-1937 (BRCA1- /ERα- ), HCC1937/wt BRCA1, MX1 (BRCA1- /ERα- ), and MDA-MB-436 (BRCA1- /ERα- ) were screened for anti-cancer activity. Cu2 (HL)(HSO4 ) · H2 O]SO4 · 6 H2 O (CS2) is the most potent anticancer agent among the copper carbohydrazone and thiocarbohydrazone complexes analyzed in this study. It can be suggested that the presence of sulphate, as pharmacologically active centre, can induce cytotoxicity more effectively when compared to chlorine, bromine, perchlorate, and methanol. This is the first report demonstrating that CS2 can bind to DNA by hindering BamH1 activity and could induce DNA double strand breaks as evidenced by γ-H2AX expression. In addition to this, CS2 could also act as a Topo II inhibitor at a much lower concentration than etoposide and induce apoptosis, making it a potent anticancer agent. In combination with Pb, a potent ROS inducer, CS2 could induce synergistic anti-cancer activity in HR/ BRCA1 defective breast cancer cells. This is the first study reporting the mechanism involved in the induction of apoptosis for a metal chelated copper carbohydrazone complex and its combination effects with Pb in HR defective, BRCA1 mutated breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sathish Nair
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Manoj Easwaran Potti
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochin, Kerala, India
| | - Ratheeshkumar Thankappan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Priya Srinivas
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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24
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The anti-tumor activity of novel oxovanadium complexes derived from thiosemicarbazones and fluoro-phenanthroline derivatives. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Vanadium is omnipresent in trace amounts in the environment, in food and also in the human body, where it might serve as a regulator for phosphate-dependent proteins. Potential vanadium-based formulations--inorganic and coordination compounds with organic ligands--commonly underlie speciation in the body, that is, they are converted to vanadate(V), oxidovanadium(IV) and to complexes with the body's own ligand systems. Vanadium compounds have been shown to be potentially effective against diabetes Type 2, malign tumors including cancer, endemic tropical diseases (such as trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis and amoebiasis), bacterial infections (tuberculosis and pneumonia) and HIV infections. Furthermore, vanadium drugs can be operative in cardio- and neuro-protection. So far, vanadium compounds have not yet been approved as pharmaceuticals for clinical use.
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Design, Synthesis, Spectral Analysis, In Vitro Anticancer Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of Some Fluorescent 4-Amino-2, 3-Dimethyl-1-Phenyl-3-Pyrazolin-5-One, Ampyrone Derivatives. Interdiscip Sci 2016; 9:130-139. [PMID: 26725054 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-015-0138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The commenced work deals with the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of biological activities of 4-amino-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazolin-5-one. The synthesis was done by the condensation of aromatic acid chlorides with 4-aminoantipyrine. The structures of synthesized derivatives were elucidated using IR, Mass, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and their UV-Visible and fluorescence properties were studied. The compounds showed significant dual fluorescence. Molecular docking was used to understand the small molecule-receptor protein interaction. The derivatives were screened for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against the reference drug pazopanib on human cervical cancer cell line (SiHa) using MTT assay.
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28
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Joseph B, Sajitha NR, Sithambaresan M, Seena EB, Kurup MRP. Crystal structure of N'-[(E)-3,5-di-chloro-2-hy-droxy-benzyl-idene]-4-nitro-benzo-hydrazide di-methyl-formamide monosolvate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:o826-7. [PMID: 26594548 PMCID: PMC4645068 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015018290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C14H9Cl2N3O4·C3H7NO, the hydrazone mol-ecule adopts an E conformation with respect to azomethine bond, and the dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings [8.96 (11)°] shows that the rings are almost co-planar. The planar conformation of the mol-ecule is stabilized by the intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond involving the OH group and azomethine N atom. The azomethine and keto bond distances [1.269 (2) and 1.210 (2) Å, respectively] are very close to the formal C=N and C=O bond lengths. The di-methyl-formamide solvent mol-ecule is connected to the hydrazone NH group via an N-H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, non-classical C-H⋯O and C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into chains along [322]. A supra-molecular three-dimensional architecture is created by weak C-Cl⋯π [4.163 (3) Å, 83.26 (9)°] and π-π [centroid-centroid distance = 4.0395 (14) Å] inter-actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibitha Joseph
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - N. R. Sajitha
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - M. Sithambaresan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eastern University, Chenkalady, Sri Lanka
| | - E. B. Seena
- Department of Chemistry, TMJM Govt. College, Manimalakkunnu, India
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29
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Zhang XZ, Wang T, Chen XF, Li J, Li HH, You ZL, Zhu HL. Synthesis and X-ray structures of di- and mono-nuclear oxovanadium(V) complexes derived from aroylhydrazones. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328415090110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Sudheer R, Sithambaresan M, Sajitha NR, Manoj E, Kurup MRP. Crystal structure of aqua-[(E)-N'-(5-bromo-2-oxido-benzyl-idene-κO)benzohydrazidato-κ(2) O,N']dioxidomolybdenum(VI) di-methyl-formamide monosolvate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:702-5. [PMID: 26090155 PMCID: PMC4459377 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015009639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, [Mo(C14H9BrN2O2)O2(H2O)]·C3H7NO, has a distorted octa-hedral geometry around the Mo atom, with the two terminal oxide groups lying cis to each other. The two aromatic rings present in the mol-ecule are almost coplanar, forming a dihedral angle of 1.4 (2)°. The five-membered ring involving the metal atom is puckered, with an amplitude Q = 0.358 (2) Å and ϕ = 204.1 (6)°. In the crystal, pairs of inversion-related mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds. An O-H⋯O hydrogen bond connects the water ligand to the di-methyl-formamide solvent mol-ecule. The crystal packing also features π-π [centroid-centroid distance of 3.688 (2) Å] and C-H⋯O inter-actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Sudheer
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - M. Sithambaresan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eastern University, Chenkalady, Sri Lanka
| | - N. R. Sajitha
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - E. Manoj
- Dept. of Chemistry, Sree Krishna College, Guruvayur 680 102, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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31
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Datta R, Ramya V, Sithambaresan M, Kurup MRP. Crystal structure of 4-{(E)-[2-(pyridin-4-ylcarbon-yl)hydrazin-1-yl-idene]meth-yl}phenyl acetate monohydrate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:o79-80. [PMID: 25878881 PMCID: PMC4384571 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989014027819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C15H13N3O3·H2O, comprises a 4-{(E)-[2-(pyridin-4-ylcarbon-yl)hydrazinyl-idene]meth-yl}phenyl acetate mol-ecule and a solvent water mol-ecule linked by O-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds from the water mol-ecule and a C-H⋯O contact from the organic mol-ecule. The compound adopts an E conformation with respect to the azomethine bond and the dihedral angle between the pyridine and benzene rings is 21.90 (7)°. The azomethine bond [1.275 (2) Å] distance is very close to the formal C=N bond length, which confirms the azomethine bond formation. An extensive set of O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N, N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds builds a two-dimensional network progressing along the c axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 029, India
| | - V Ramya
- Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 029, India
| | - M Sithambaresan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Chenkalady, Sri Lanka
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32
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Abstract
Vanadium is special in at least two respects: on the one hand, the tetrahedral anion vanadate(v) is similar to the phosphate anion; vanadate can thus interact with various physiological substrates that are otherwise functionalized by phosphate. On the other hand, the transition metal vanadium can easily expand its sphere beyond tetrahedral coordination, and switch between the oxidation states +v, +iv and +iii in a physiological environment. The similarity between vanadate and phosphate may account for the antidiabetic potential of vanadium compounds with carrier ligands such as maltolate and picolinate, and also for vanadium's mediation in cardiovascular and neuronal defects. Other potential medicinal applications of more complex vanadium coordination compounds, for example in the treatment of parasitic tropical diseases, may also be rooted in the specific properties of the ligand sphere. The ease of the change in the oxidation state of vanadium is employed by prokarya (bacteria and cyanobacteria) as well as by eukarya (algae and fungi) in respiratory and enzymatic functions. Macroalgae (seaweeds), fungi, lichens and Streptomyces bacteria have available haloperoxidases, and hence enzymes that enable the 2-electron oxidation of halide X(-) with peroxide, catalyzed by a Lewis-acidic V(V) center. The X(+) species thus formed can be employed to oxidatively halogenate organic substrates, a fact with implications also for the chemical processes in the atmosphere. Vanadium-dependent nitrogenases in bacteria (Azotobacter) and cyanobacteria (Anabaena) convert N2 + H(+) to NH4(+) + H2, but are also receptive for alternative substrates such as CO and C2H2. Among the enigmas to be solved with respect to the utilization of vanadium in nature is the accumulation of V(III) by some sea squirts and fan worms, as well as the purport of the nonoxido V(IV) compound amavadin in the fly agaric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Rehder
- Chemistry Department, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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